\* 


LINCOLN  ROOM 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 
LIBRARY 


MEMORIAL 

the  Class  of  1901 

founded  by 

HARLAN  HOYT  HORNER 

and 
HENRIETTA  CALHOUN  HORNER 


LINCOLN    MEMORIAL, 


THE 


JOURNEYS 


OF 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLN: 


AS  PRESIDENT  ELECT; 


FROM  WASHINGTON  TO  SPRINGFIELD,  1865, 

AS  PRESIDENT  MARTYRED  : 


COMPRISING  AN   ACCOUNT  OF   PUBLIC    CEREMONIES   ON   THE   ENTIRK 
ROUTE,  AND  FULL  DETAILS  OF  BOTH  JOURNEYS. 


BY  WILLIAM  T.  COGGESHALL. 


PUBLISHED  FOR  THE  BENEFIT  OF  THE  OHIO  SOLDIERS'  MONUMENT  FUND, 

BY  THE  OHIO  STATE  JOURNAL,  COLUMBUS. 

1865. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1865, 

BY  WILLIAM  T.  COGGESHALL, 

the  Clerk's  office  of  the  District  Court  of  the  United  States,  in 
and  for  the  Southern  District  of  Ohio. 


PKEFAOE. 


THIS  book  is  published  for  the  benefit  of  the  fund  devoted  to 
the  erection  of  monuments  in  Capitol  Square,  at  Columbus,  in 
memory  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  and  of  Ohio  soldiers  fallen  in 
battle.  The  entire  proceeds  of  its  sale,  after  paying  the  expenses 
of  publication,  will  be  thus  applied  by  the  Publishers.  The 
Editor  has  patiently  endeavored  to  make  a  correct  record  of 
Mr.  Lincoln's  memorable  journeys  as  President  elect  and  Presi- 
dent martyred ;  but  cannot  hope  that  he  has  entirely  succeeded. 
He  acknowledges  himself  indebted  to  the  local  press  of  the 
.several  cities  through  which  the  two  processions  passed,  for 
reports  of  the  ceremonies,  only  a  portion  of  which,  as  condensed 
or  abridged,  are  credited,  in  the  pages  to  which  they  have  been 
transferred.  Paper-makers,  printers  and  binders  are  entitled  to 
honorable  mention  for  liberal  deductions  from  regular  prices,  on 
account  of  the  object  which  this  work  is  intended  to  promote. 

That  the  period  is  not  far  distant  when  the  Monument 
Committee  can  report  that  the  funds  received  are  ample  for 
monuments  worthy  of  the  memories  they  will  be  designed  to 

perpetuate,  is  the  sincere  trust  of 

THE  PUBLISHERS. 


CONTENTS. 


PAGE 

The  Journey  to  Washington  as  President  Elect 24 — 82 

Farewell  to  Home,  24 — From  Springfield  to  Indianapolis,  25 —  , 
Reception  at  Indianapolis,  26 — From  Indianapolis  to  Cincin- 
nati, 29 — Reception  at  Cincinnati,  30 — From  Cincinnati  to 
Columbus,  41 — Reception  at  the  Capitol  of  Ohio,  41 — From 
Columbus  to  Pittsburgh,  50 — Reception  at  Pittsburgh,  52 — 
From  Pittsburgh  to  Cleveland,  55 — Reception  at  Cleveland, 
55 — Reception  at  Buffalo,  63 — Reception  at  Albany,  65 — 
Albany  to  New  York  City,  68 — Reception  at  New  York,  69 — 
At  Trenton,  71 — Reception  at  Philadelphia,  73 — At  Harris- 
burg,  77 — From  Harrisburg  to  Washington,  80 — Reception 
at  Washington,  80 — Inaugural  Address,  83. 

Mr.  Lincoln's  Administration 95 

Second  Inaugural  Address 96 

The  Assassination 98 

The  body  in  state  at  the  White  House 110 

The  Funeral  at  the  Capitol 117 

Dr.  Gurley's  Sermon 121 

Journey  from  Washington   to    Springfield  as  President  Mar- 
tyred  136—324 

Departure  from  Washington,  136 — Obsequies  at  Baltimore,  142 — 
Baltimore  to  Harrisburg,  145 — Obsequies  at  Harrisburg, 
147 — Obsequies  at  Philadelphia,  149 — From  Philadelphia  to 
New  York,  156 — Obsequies  at  New  York,  158 — Mr.  Bancroft's 
Oration,  186— From  New  York  to  Albany,  199 — Albany  to 
Buffalo,  204— Obsequies  at  Buffalo,  206— Buffalo  to  Cleve- 
land, 208 — Obsequies  at  Cleveland,  210 — Cleveland  to  Colum- 
bus, 229 — Obsequies  at  Columbus,  230 — The  Ohio  Oration, 
248 — From  Columbus  to  Indianapolis,  254 — Obsequies  at  In- 
dianapolis, 260 — Indianapolis  to  Chicago,  266 — Obsequies  at 
Chicago,  268 — Chicago  to  Springfield,  285 — Obsequies  at 
Springfield,  288 — Bishop  Simpson's  Oration,  305 — Final  Cere 
monies,  321. 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLN, 


ABRAHAM  LINCOLN,  the  sixteenth  President  of  the 
United  States,  was  born  on  the  twelfth  day  of  February, 
1809,  in  that  part  of  Hardin  county,  Kentucky,  which  is 
now  known  as  Larue.  His  father,  Thomas  Lincoln,  and 
his  grandfather,  Abraham,  were  natives  of  Bockingham 
county,  Virginia,  to  which  their  ancestors  emigrated 
from  Berks  county,  Pennsylvania.  In  the  year  1780  the 
grandfather  removed  his  family  to  Kentucky,  where, 
taking  possession  of  a  small  tract  of  land  in  the  wilder- 
ness, he  erected  a  rude  cabin,  and  proceeded  to  make 
his  new  home  comfortable  and  his  forest  farm  productive. 
His  daily  labors  were  attended  with  great  personal  dan- 
ger. There  was  no  other  resident  within  two  or  three 
miles,  and  the  country  was  infested  with  Indians,  who 
allowed  no  opportunity  of  slaughtering  the  white  settlers 
to  pass  unimproved.  His  gun  was  carried  as  regularly 
to  his  work  as  was  any  implement  necessary  to  the  suc- 
cessful clearing  of  the  land,  and  at  night  the  weapon 
was  placed  in  a  corner  of  his  cabin,  where  it  could  be 
quickly  grasped  in  the  event  of  an  attack  from  the  sav- 
age enemy.  Abraham  Lincoln,  for  nearly  four  years, 
escaped  their  bloodthirsty  cruelty ;  but  then,  while  clear- 
ing a  piece  of  land  about  four  miles  from  home,  was  sud- 
denly attacked  and  killed,  and  his  scalped  remains  were 
found  the  next  morning.  The  widow  found  herself  with- 


10  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

out  a  neighbor  in  the  wilderness,  with  three  sons  and 
two  daughters.  Poverty  rendered  it  necessary  that  the 
family  should  separate  ;  and  all  the  children  but  Thomas 
bade  adieu  to  their  mother  and  left  the  county,  the 
second  son  removing  to  Indiana,  and  the  others  to  other 
counties  of  Kentucky. 

Thomas  also  left  home  before  he  was  twelve  years  old, 
but  subsequently  returned  to  Kentucky,  and  in  the  year 
1806  married  Nancy  Hanks,  who  was  a  native  of  Vir- 
ginia. Thomas  Lincoln  and  his  wife  were  conscientious 
members  of  the  Baptist  Church.  Mrs.  Lincoln  could  read 
but  not  write :  her  husband  could  do  neither,  except  that 
he  was  able  to  write  his  own  name.  He  respected,  how- 
ever, the  superior  learning  of  others ;  his  kindness  of 
heart  was  proverbial,  and  he  was  industrious  and  perse- 
vering. Mrs.  Lincoln  was  a  woman  of  excellent  judgment 
and  great  piety,  and  a  mother  whose  precepts  and  teach- 
ings exerted  a  happy  influence  in  the  formation  of  her 
children's  characters.  Thomas  and  Nancy  Lincoln  had 
three  children — a  daughter,  a  son  who  died  in  infancy, 
and  Abraham.  The  sister  attained  the  years  of  woman- 
hood, and  married,  but  died  without  issue. 

When  Abraham  was  seven  years  of  age  he  was  sent  to 
school  with  an  old  copy  of  Deiworth's  Spelling  Book, 
one  of  the  three  books  that  formed  the  family  library. 
His  teacher  had  neither  ambition  nor  ability  to  impart 
greater  instruction  than  that  which  would  enable  his 
pupils  to  read  and  write.  His  term  of  schooling  was  of 
short  duration. 

Thomas  Lincoln  had  witnessed  the  evils  of  the  "pecu- 
liar institution,"  and  longed  to  be  free  from  the  effects  of 
a  condition  of  society  by  which  the  laborer  was  degraded, 
and  whose  labors  were  controlled  by  an  unprincipled  and 
lazy  master.  In  October,  1816,  finding  a  purchaser  for 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  11 

his  farm,  he  made  arrangements  for  removal.  The  price 
paid  by  the  purchaser  was  ten  barrels  of  whisky,  of  forty 
gallons  each,  valued  at  two  hundred  and  eighty  dollars, 
and  twenty  dollars  in  money.  Such  transactions  in  real 
estate  were  then  common,  and  recognized  as  proper. 

The  farm  was  near  Boiling  Fork  river.  Mr.  Lincoln, 
with  such  assistance  as  Abraham  could  give  him,  hewed 
out  a  flat  boat,  loaded  it  with  his  household  articles 'and 
tools  and  the  whisky,  and  began  a  hazardous  journey  to 
Indiana,  to  select  a  new  home.  His  journey  down  the 
Rolling  Fork  and  into  the  Ohio  river,  was  accomplished 
without  accident,  but  soon  afterwards  his  boat  was  upset, 
and  its  cargo  thrown  into  the  water.  Some  men  stand- 
ing on  the  bank  witnessed  the  accident  and  saved  the 
boat  and  its  owner,  but  all  the  freight  was  lost  except  a 
few  carpenter's  tools,  axes,  three  barrels  of  whisky  and 
some  minor  articles.  Again  getting  started,  Mr.  Lincoln 
proceeded  to  a  well-known  ferry  on  the  river,  from 
whence  he  was  guided  into  the  interior  by  an  old  settler, 
to  whom  he  gave  his  boat  in  payment  for  his  services. 
After  several  days  of  difficult  traveling,  much  of  the  time 
being  employed  in  cutting  a  road  through  the  forest  wide 
enough  for  a  team,  Spencer  county,  Indiana,  was  reached, 
at  a  point  eighteen  miles  from  the  river.  The  site  for 
his  new  home  having  been  selected,  Mr.  Lincoln,  re- 
turned to  Kentucky  on  foot,  and  made  preparations  to 
remove  his  family. 

Not  many  days  were  required  for  these  preparations. 
The  emigrant  party  left  their  old  home  in  true  backwoods 
style — Mrs.  Lincoln  and  her  daughter  riding  one  horse, 
Abraham  another,  and  the  father  a  third.  After  seven 
days'  journey  through  an  uninhabited  country,  their  rest- 
ing-place at  night  being  the  ground,  they  arrived  at  the 
quarter  section  selected  for  their  future  residence.  No 


12  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

delays  were  permitted  to  interfere  with  the  immediate 
clearing  of  a  site  for  a  cabin.  An  axe  was  placed  in 
Abraham's  hands,  and  with  the  assistance  of  a  neigh- 
bor, in  a  few  days  Mr.  Lincoln  had  a  neat  log  house 
about  eighteen  feet  square.  It  had  only  one  room,  but 
slabs  laid  across  logs  overhead  gave  additional  accom- 
modations which  were  obtained  by  climbing  a  rough  lad- 
der in  one  corner.  A  bed,  table  and  four  stools  were 
made  by  the  new  settlers,  father  and  son.  The  loft  was 
Abraham's  bedroom,  one  coarse  blanket  his  mattress  and 
another  being  his  covering.  During  the  ensuing  winter 
Abraham  did  not  neglect  his  reading  and  spelling,  and 
also  practiced  frequently  with  a  rifle,  becoming  a  skillful 
marksman,  though  taking  part  regularly  with  his  father, 
in  the  severe  toils  which  their  forest  life  required. 

About  a  year  after  the  settlement  in  Spencer  county 
Mrs.  Lincoln  died.  Abraham  was  then  ten  years  old. 
He  was  able  to  read  the  bible ;  his  mother  having  pa- 
tiently directed  and  instructed  him.  He  could  also  write, 
and  greatly  astonished  the  neighbors  by  writing  a  letter 
inviting  a  minister  to  preach  over  his  mother's  grave. 
When  he  was  eleven  years  old  his  father  married  Mrs. 
Sally  Johnston,  of  Elizabethtown,  Kentucky,  a  widow- 
lady  with  three  children,  and  a  superior  woman,  between 
whom  and  Abraham,  a  devoted  attachment  was  culti- 
vated, which  was  unbroken  at  the  day  of  his  death. 
When  the  young  backwoodsman  was  about  twelve  years 
of  age,  a  man  named  Crawford  opened  a  school  in  Spen- 
cer county.  Mr.  Lincoln  immediately  sent  Abraham. 
With  buckskin  clothes,  a  coonskin  cap,  and  an  old  arith- 
metic which  had  been  somewhere  found  for  him,  he  com- 
menced his  studies  in  the  "  higher  branches."  His  pro- 
gress was  rapid,  and  his  perseverance  and  faithfulness 
won  the  interest  and  esteem  of  his  teacher. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  13 

In  that  thinly-settled  country  a  book  was  a  great  rar- 
ity, but  whenever  Mr.  Lincoln  heard  of  one  he  endeavored 
to  procure  it  for  Abraham's  perusal.  In  this  way  he  be- 
came acquainted  with  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress, 
Esop's  Fables,  a  Life  of  Henry  Clay,  and  Weein's  Life  of 
Washington.  The  "  hatchet"  story  of  Washington  made 
a  strong  impression  upon  Abraham,  and  was  one  of  those 
unseen,  gentle  influences,  which  helped  to  form  his  char- 
acter for  integrity  and  honesty.  Its  effect  may  be  traced 
in  the  following  story,  which  bids  fair  to  become  as  never- 
failing  an  aceompaniainent  to  a  Life  of  Lincoln  as  the 
hatchet  incident  to  that  of  Washington : 

Mr.  Crawford  had  lent  him  a  copy  of  Ramsay's  Life  of 
Washington.  During  a  severe  storm  Abraham  improved 
his  leisure  by  reading  his  book.  One  night  he  had  laid 
it  down  carefully,  as  he  thought,  and  the  next  morning 
he  found  it  soaked  through !  The  wind  had  changed, 
the  storm  had  beaten  in  through  a  crack  in  the  logs,  and 
the  appearance  of  the  book  was  ruined.  How  could  he 
face  the  owner  under  such  circumstances'?  He  had  no 
money  to  offer  as  a  return,  but  he  took  the  book,  went 
directly  to  Mr.  Crawford,  showed  him  the  irreparable 
injury,  and  frankly  and  honestly  offered  to  work  for  him 
until  he  should  be  satisfied.  Mr.  Crawford  accepted  the 
offer  and  gave  Abraham  the  book  for  his  own,  in  return 
for  three  days  steady  labor  in  "pulling  fodder."  His 
manliness  and  straightforwardness  won  the  esteem  of  all 
the  neighborhood. 

At  nineteen  years  of  age  Abraham  Lincoln  made  a  trip 
to  New  Orleans,  in  company  with  a  son  of  the  owner  of  a 
flat  boat,  who  entrusted  a  valuable  cargo  to  their  care. 
On  the  way  they  were  attacked  by  seven  negroes,  and 
their  lives  and  property  were  in  great  danger,  but  owing 


14  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

to  their  good  use  of  the  muscular  force  they  had  acquired 
as  backwoodsmen,  they  succeeded  in  driving  off  the  in- 
vaders, and  pushing  their  boat  out  into  the  stream  in 
safety.  The  result  of  the  voyage  was  satisfactory  to  the 
owner,  and  Abraham  Lincoln  gained,  in  addition  to  his 
ten  dollars  a  month,  a  reputation  as  a  youth  of  promising 
business  talent. 

In  1830  the  family  moved  to  the  neighborhood  of  Deca- 
tur,  Illinois,  the  journey  occupying  fifteen  days.  Abraham 
was  now  twenty-one,  but  did  not  commence  his  independ- 
ent life  until  he  had  aided  his  father  in  settling  his  family, 
breaking  the  ground  for  corn,  and  making  a  rail  fence 
around  the  farm.  Those  rails  have  passed  into  song  and 
story,  and  gave  Mr.  Lincoln,  during  the  Presidential  cam- 
paign of  1860,  the  title  of  the  "Great  Bail  Splitter." 
After  the  first  winter  in  Illinois,  which  was  of  uncommon 
severity,  and  required  more  than  his  father's  care  to  keep 
the  family  in  food,  which  was  mostly  obtained  by  hunting, 
Abraham  Lincoln  began  life  for  himself.  Sometimes  he 
hired  himself  out  as  a  farm-hand,  and  sometimes  his  learn- 
ing procured  him  a  situation  as  clerk  in  a  store.  When 
the  Black  Hawk  war  broke  out  in  1832,  he  joined  a  volun- 
teer company,  and  was  made  captain.  He  is  said  to  have 
been  an  efficient,  faithful  officer,  watchful  of  his  men,  and 
prompt  in  the  discharge  of  duty,  and  his  courage  and 
patriotism  shrank  from  no  dangers  or  hardships. 

After  his  military  life  was  over  he  looked  about  for 
something  to  do.  He  ran  for  the  Legislature,  but  was 
beaten ;  though  his  own  precinct  gave  him  277  votes  out 
of  284.  This  was  the  only  time  he  was  ever  beaten  before 
the  people.  He  bought  a  store  and  stock  of  goods  on 
credit,  and  was  appointed  postmaster.  The  store  proved 
unprofitable,  and  he  sold  out.  All  this  time  he  pursued 
his  studies.  He  had  already  learned  grammar,  and  he 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  15 

had  now  opportunities  for  more  extensive  reading.  He 
wrote  out  the  synopsis  of  every  book  he  read,  and  thus 
fixed  it  in  his  memory. 

About  this  time  he  met  John  Calhoun,  since  President 
of  the  Lecompton  (Kansas)  Constitutional  Convention. 
He  proposed  to  Lincoln  to  take  up  surveying,  and  himself 
aided  in  his  studies.  He  had  success  as  a  surveyor,  and 
won  a  good  reputation  in  this  new  line  of  business.  In 
1834  he  was  sent  to  the  Legislature,  and  the  political  life 
commenced  which  his  countrymen's  votes  have  ever  since 
shown  they  fully  appreciated.  When  the  session  of  the 
Legislature  was  over  he  set  himself  to  the  study  of  law 
in  good  earnest.  In  1836  he  obtained  a  law  license,  and 
in  April,  1837,  he  removed  to  Springfield  and  commenced 
the  practice  of  the  law  in  partnership  with  his  friend  and 
former  colleague,  Hon.  T.  Stuart. 

An  instance  which  occurred  during  Mr.  Lincoln's  early 
legal  practice  is  worthy  of  extended  publication.  At  a 
camp  meeting  held  in  Menard  county  a  fight  took  place 
which  ended  in  the  murder  of  one  of  the  participants  in 
the  quarrel.  A  young  man  named  Armstrong,  a  son  of 
an  aged  couple  for  whom  many  years  before  Abraham 
Lincoln  had  worked,  was  charged  with  the  deed,  arrested 
and  examined,  and  a  true  bill  found  against  him,  and 
lodged  in  jail  to  await  his  trial.  As  soon  as  Mr.  Lincoln 
received  intelligence  of  the  affair,  he  addressed  a  letter  to 
Mrs.  Armstrong,  stating  his  anxiety  that  her  son  should 
have  a  fair  trial,  and  offering  in  return  for  her  kindness 
to  him  while  in  adverse  circumstances  some  years  before, 
his  services  gratuitously.  Investigation  convinced  the 
volunteer  attorney  that  the  young  man  was  the  victim  of 
a  conspiracy,  and  he  determined  to  postpone  the  case 
until  the  excitement  had  subsided.  The  day  of  trial  finally 
arrived,  and  the  accuser  testified  positively  that  he  saw 


16  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

1  he  accused  plunge  the  knife  into  the  heart  of  the  mur- 
dered man.  He  remembered  all  the  circumstances  per- 
fectly ;  the  murder  was  committed  about  half-past  nine 
o'clock  at  night,  and  the  moon  was  shining  brightly.  Mr. 
Lincoln  reviewed  the  testimony  carefully,  and  then  proved 
conclusively  that  the  moon,  which  the  accuser  had  sworn 
was  shining  brightly,  did  not  rise  until  an  hour  or  more 
sifter  the  murder  was  committed.  Other  discrepancies 
were  exposed,  and  in  thirty  minutes  after  the  jury  retired 
they  returned  with  a  verdict  of  "Not  Guilty." 

In  1836,  in  1838  and  in  1840  Mr.  Lincoln  was  chosen  as 
a  legislator  by  the  people  of  Sangamon  county. 

On  the  third  of  March,  1837,  a  protest  was  presented  to 
the  House  of  Eepresentatives  of  Illinois  and  signed  by 
"Daniel  Stone  and  Abraham  Lincoln,  Eepresentatives 
from  Sangamon  county,"  which  is  the  first  record  the 
world  has  of  the  sentiments  of  the  great  emancipator  on 
the  slavery  question.  It  was  in  opposition  to  a  series  of 
resolutions  which  had  been  adopted,  taking  an  extreme 
Southern  view  of  slavery,  for  which  Mr.  Lincoln  refused 
to  vote. 

After  1840  Mr.  Lincoln  remained  six  years  in  private 
life,  devoting  himself  to  the  practice  of  the  law,  displaying 
remarkable  ability,  and  gaining  an  enviable  reputation. 
In  every  campaign,  however,  from  1836  to  1852,  he  was  a 
Whig  candidate  for  Presidential  Elector,  and  in  1844  he 
stumped  the  entire  State  of  Illinois  for  Henry  Clay ;  and 
then  crossing  the  line  into  Indiana,  spoke  daily  at  large 
meetings  until  the  day  of  election.  In  1846  Mr.  Lincoln 
was  elected  to  Congress  irom  the  Central  District  of 
Illinois,  by  a  majority  of  over  fifteen  hundred  votes,  the 
largest  ever  given  in  that  District  to  any  candidate  op- 
posed to  the  Democratic  party.  Illinois  elected  seven 
Eepresentatives  that  year ;  and  all  were  Democrats  but 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  17 

Mr.  Lincoln.    He  took  his  seat  on  the  first  Monday  of 
December,  1847. 

Although,  like  a  majority  of  the  Whig  party  opposed 
to  the  declaration  of  war  with  Mexico  by  the  President, 
he  never  failed  to  vote  for  any  resolution  or  bill  which  had 
for  its  object  the  sending  of  supplies  to  our  troops  who 
had  been  ordered  to  the  seat  of  war. 

He  supported  measures  for  the  "  improvement "  of 
western  rivers  and  harbors,  and  on  several  occasions  voted 
for  the  reception  of  petitions  and  memorials  in  favor  of 
the  abolition  of  slavery  in  the  District  of  Columbia ;  against 
the  slave  trade,  and  advocating  the  prohibition  of  slavery 
in  the  territory  that  might  be  acquired  from  Mexico. 

On  the  seventeenth  of  February,  1848,  Mr.  Lincoln  voted 
for  a  loan  bill  reported  by  the  Committee  of  Ways  and 
Means,  authorizing  the  raising  of  sixteen  millions  of  dol- 
lars to  enable  the  Government  to  provide  for  its  debts, 
principally  incurred  in  Mexico. 

On  the  nineteenth  of  June  he  first  had  an  opportunity 
to  record  his  views  upon  the  tariff  question,  by  voting  in 
favor  of  a  resolution  instructing  the  Committee  of  Ways 
and  Means  to  inquire  into  the  expediency  of  reporting  a 
bill  increasing  the  duties  on  foreign  luxuries  of  all  kinds, 
and  on  "  such  foreign  manufactures  as  are  now  coming 
into  ruinous  competition  with  American  labor."  He  sub- 
sequently voted  for  a  resolution  instructing  the  Committee 
of  Ways  and  Means  to  inquire  into  the  expediency  of  re- 
porting a  tariff  bill  based  upon  the  principles  of  the  tariff 
of  1842. 

On  the  28th  of  July,  1848,  the  celebrated  bill  establish- 
ing territorial  governments  for  Oregon,  California  and 
New  Mexico,  the  peculiar  feature  of  which  was  a  provision 
prohibiting  the  Legislatures  of  California  and  New  Mexico 
from  passing  laws  in  favor  of  or  against  slavery,  and  pro- 


18  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

viding  that  the  laws  of  the  Legislatures  should  be  subject 
to  the  sanction  of  Congress,  was  argued,  and  after  an 
exciting  debate,  laid  on  the  table,  Mr.  Lincoln  voting  with 
Mr.  Webster,  Mr.  Corwin,  and  other  illustrious  colleagues 
for  this  disposition  of  the  bill.  He  opposed  the  annexation 
of  Texas,  and  vigorously  urged  and  supported  the  "  Wil- 
mot  Proviso." 

In  the  Whig  National  Convention  of  1848,  Mr.  Lincoln 
was  an  active  delegate,  and  earnestly  advocated  the 
selection  of  General  Zachary  Taylor  as  the  nominee  for 
the  Presidency,  and  during  the  canvass  which  followed, 
he  traversed  the  States  of  Indiana  and  Illinois,  speaking 
on  behalf  of  the  choice  of  his  party. 

In  1849  he  was  a  candidate  before  the  Legislature  of 
Illinois  for  United  States  Senator,  but  his  political  oppo- 
nents being  in  the  majority,  General  Shields  was  chosen. 
From  that  time  until  1854,  he  confined  himself  almost  ex- 
clusively to  the  practice  of  his  profession,  but  in  that 
year  he  again  entered  the  political  arena,  taking  an  earn- 
est part  in  the  campaign  which  resulted  in  victory  for  the 
first  time  to  the  opposition  of  the  Democratic  party  in 
Illinois,  and  gave  that  State  a  Republican  Legislature, 
and  sent  Lyman  Trumbull  to  the  United  States  Senate, 
During  the  canvass,  Mr.  Lincoln  was  frequently  brought 
into  controversy  upon  the  stand  with  Stephen  A.  Doug- 
las, with  whom  he  had  formed  acquaintance  while  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Legislature. 

Mr.  Lincoln  was,  the  following  year,  offered  the  nomi- 
nation for  Governor  of  Illinois,  but  declined  in  favor  of 
Mr.  Bissell ;  was  also  presented,  but  ineffectually,  at  the 
first  Eepublican  Convention  for  Vice-President ;  and  at 
the  next  Presidential  election  headed  the  Fremont  elec- 
toral ticket,  and  labored  industriously  in  support  of  that 
candidate. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  19 

On  the  2d  of  June,  1858,  the  Eepublican  State  Conven- 
tion met  at  Springfield,  and  nominated  Mr.  Lincoln  as 
their  candidate  for  the  United  States  Senate. 

The  contest  which  followed  was  one  of  the  most  excit- 
ing and  remarkable  ever  witnessed  in  this  country. 
Stephen  A.  Douglas,  his  opponent,  had  few  superiors  as 
a  political  debater.  He  had  made  many  enemies  by  his 
course  upon  the  Nebraska  bill,  but  his  personal  popular- 
ity had  been  greatly  increased  by  his  independence,  and 
by  the  opposition  manifested  to  him  by  the  Administra- 
tion of  James  Buchanan. 

Illinois  was  stumped  throughout  its  length  and  breadth 
by  both  candidates  and  their  respective  advocates,  and 
the  people  of  the  entire  country  watched  with  interest 
the  struggle.  From  county  to  county,  township  to  town- 
ship, and  village  to  village,  the  two  leaders  traveled,  fre- 
quently in  the  same  car  or  carriage,  and  in  the  presence 
of  immense  crowds  of  men,  women  and  children,  and 
face  to  face,  the  opposing  champions  argued  the  import- 
ant points  of  their  political  belief,  and  contended  for  the 
mastery. 

The  Eepublican  vote  in  the  State  was  largely  aug- 
mented, but  more  Democrats  than  Republicans  were 
chosen  to  the  Legislature.  The  popular  vote  stood 
126,084  for  the  Eepublican  candidates,  121,940  for  the 
Douglas  Democrats,  and  5,091  for  the  Lecompton  candi- 
dates. Mr.  Douglas  was  elected  United  States  Senator 
because  in  the  Legislature  his  supporters  had  a  majority 
of  eight  on  joint  ballot. 

The  manner  in  which  Mr.  Lincoln  had  met  Douglas  on 
the  stump,  the  skill  and  power  with  which  he  had  pre- 
sented and  argued  the  principles  and  policies  underlying 
the  Nebraska  bill  and  the  doctrine  of  "  Popular  Sov- 
ereignty," gave  him  a  national  reputation  as  a  political 


20  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

orator.  Characteristics  of  his  intellect  and  spirit  now 
familiar  to  the  people,  were  then  approvingly  dwelt  upon 
by  writers  for  the  press,  one  of  whom  justly  wrote  as 
follows : 

"  In  perhaps  the  severest  test  that  could  have  been  ap- 
plied to  any  man's  temper — his  political  contest  with 
Senator  Douglas  in  1858 — Mr.  Lincoln  not  only  proved 
himself  an  able  speaker  and  a  good  tactician,  but  demon- 
strated that  it  is  possible  to  carry  on  the  fiercest  political 
warfare  without  once  descending  to  rude  personality  and 
coarse  denunciation.  We  have  it  on  the  authority  of  a 
gentleman  who  followed  Abraham  Lincoln  throughout 
the  whole  of  that  campaign,  that,  in  spite  of  all  the 
temptations  to  an  opposite  course  to  which  he  was  con- 
tinuously exposed,  no  personalities  against  his  opponent, 
no  vituperation  or  coarseness,  ever  defiled  his  lips.  His 
kind  and  genial  nature  lifted  him  above  a  resort  to  any 
such  weapons  of  political  warfare,  and  it  was  the  com- 
monly expressed  regret  of  fiercer  natures  that  he  treated 
his  opponent  too  courteously  and  urbanely.  Vulgar  per- 
sonalities and  vituperation  are  the  last  thing  that  can  be 
truthfully  charged  against  Abraham  Lincoln.  His  heart 
is  too  genial,  his  good  sense  too  strong,  and  his  innate 
self-respect  too  predominant  to  permit  him  to  indulge  in 
them.  His  nobility  of  nature — and  we  may  use  the  term 
advisedly — has  been  as  manifest  throughout  his  whole 
career  as  his  temperate  habits,  his  self-reliance,  and  his 
mental  and  intellectual  power." 

The  people  of  Illinois  immediately  brought  forward 
Abraham  Lincoln  as  a  candidate  for  the  Presidency  of 
the  United  States.  He  was  invited  to  speak  in  Ohio,  in 
Indiana,  in  New  York  and  in  the  New  England  States,  and 
delivered  a  series  of  political  addresses,  which  confirmed 
in  the  public  mind  the  favorable  impressions  made  by 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  21 

reports  of  his  Illinois  campaigns.  At  a  meeting  of  the 
Illinois  State  Eepublican  Convention  in  1859,  a  veteran 
Democrat  of  Macon  county  presented  to  the  Convention 
two  old  fence-rails,  gayly  decorated  with  flags  and  ribons , 
and  upon  which  the  following  words  were  inscribed : 


ABRAHAM    LINCOLN, 

THE  RAIL  CANDIDATE 

FOR    PEESIDENT    IN    1860. 

Two  rails  from  a  lot  of  3,000  made  in  1830,  by  Thos. 

Hanks  and  Abe  Lincoln — whose  father  was 

the  first  pioneer  of  Macon  county. 


This  "  delegation"  was  received  with  enthusiastic  ap 
plause,  and  Mr.  Lincoln  was  sent  for  to  acknowledge  the 
rails,  which  he  did,  modestly  but  happily. 

The  Eepublican  Convention,  called  to  nominate  can- 
didates for  President  and  Vice-President  of  the  United 
States,  met  at  Chicago,  Illinois,  on  the  16th  of  May, 
1860.  Two  days  were  occupied  in  organization,  and  in 
the  discussion  and  adoption  of  a  Platform.  On  the  third 
day  Abraham  Lincoln  was  nominated,  as  the  candidate 
for  the  Presidency.  On  the  first  ballot  he  received  102 
votes,  Mr.  Seward  receiving,  on  the  same  ballot,  173£ 
votes,  the  votes  of  the  remainder  of  the  delegates  being 
divided  between  Salmon  P.  Chase,  Simon  Cameron,  and 
other  candidates.  On  the  second  ballot,  the  vote  stood : 
Lincoln,  181 ;  Seward,  184£ ;  and  on  the  third,  Mr.  Lin- 
coln received  230£  votes,  or  within  one  and  one-half  of  a 
nomination.  One  of  the  delegates  then  changed  four 
votes  of  his  State,  giving  them  to  Mr.  Lincoln,  thus 
nominating  him.  Amid  a  scene  of  the  most  intense  ex- 
citement, vote  after  vote  was  changed  to  the  successful 
candidate.  The  nomination  was  then  made  unanimous, 


22  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

with  the  most  marked  enthusiasm,  on  the  motion  of  Mr. 
William  Evarts  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Lincoln  was  immediately  officially,  but  informally, 
notified  of  his  nomination ;  and  in  a  few  days  the  Presi- 
dent of  the  Nominating  Convention,  Geo.  Ashman  of 
Massachusetts,  in  conjunction  with  a  committee  from  dif- 
ferent States,  appointed  for  that  purpose,  addressed  him 
a  letter,  to  which  he  responded  as  follows : 

"  SPRINGFIELD,  ILLINOIS,  May  23d,  1860. 

"  Hon.  George  Ashmun,  President  of  the  Republican  Na- 
tional Convention: 

"  SIB, — I  accept  the  nomination  tendered  me  by  the 
Convention  over  which  you  presided,  and  of  which  I  am 
formally  apprised  in  the  letter  of  yourself  and  others, 
acting  as  a  committee  of  the  Convention  for  that  purpose. 

"  The  declaration  of  principles  and  sentiments,  which 
accompanies  your  letter,  meets  my  approval ;  and  it  shall 
be  my  care  not  to  violate,  or  disregard  it,  in  any  part. 

"  Imploring  the  assistance  of  Divine  Providence,  and 
with  due  regard  to  the  views  and  feelings  of  all  who  were 
represented  in  the  Convention ;  to  the  rights  of  all  the 
States  and  Territories,  and  people  of  the  nation  ;  to  the 
inviolability  of  the  Constitution,  and  the  perpetual  union, 
harmony  and  prosperity  of  all,  I  am  most  happy  to  co- 
operate for  the  practical  success  of  the  principles  declared 
by  the  Convention. 

"  Your  obliged  friend  and  fellow-citizen, 

"ABRAHAM  LINCOLN." 

The  canvass  which  succeeded  the  National  Convention 
of  1860,  was  one  of  the  most  earnest  and  strenuous  ever 
witnessed  in  our  country. 

On  the  sixth  of  November  the  election  for  President 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  23 

took  place,  with  the  following  result :  Mr.  Lincoln  receiv- 
ed 491,275  over  Mr.  Douglas ;  1,018,499  over  Mr.  Breck- 
enridge,  and  1,275,821  over  Mr.  Bell ;  and  the  electoral 
vote  was  subsequently  proclaimed  by  Congress  to  have 
been  as  follows : 

For  Abraham  Lincoln,  of  Illinois 180 

For  John  C.  Breckenridge,  of  Kentucky 72 

For  John  Bell,  of  Tennessee 39 

For  Stephen  A.  Douglas,  of  Illinois 12 

SECESSION. 

Immediately  after  it  was  known  that  Mr.  Lincoln  had 
been  elected  President,  preparations  were  openly  made 
for  the  dissolution  of  the  American  Union.  South  Caroli- 
na seceded,  then  Mississippi,  then  Alabama,  then  Florida, 
Georgia,  Louisiana,  and  Texas.  Custom-houses,  arsenals 
and  United  States  buildings  were  seized  by  "Confeder- 
ate" troops,  under  authority  of  the  "  Confederate  Govern- 
ment," organized  at  Montgomery,  Alabama,  on  the  18th 
of  February,  1861,  by  the  inauguratian  of  Jefferson  Davis 
as  President,  and  Alexander  H.  Stephens  as  Vice-Presi- 
dent. The  people  of  the  North  were  divided  upon  the 
"  right  of  secession"  and  the  power  of  the  Government 
to  "  coerce  States."  James  Buchanan,  President  of  the 
United  States,  in  his  last  annual  message,  Dec.  4, 1860, 
met  the  question  of  resistance,  or  submission  to  the  prog- 
ress of  the  work  of  secession  and  threats  of  armed  rebel- 
lion, in  the  following  words : 

"  The  question,  fairly  stated,  is,  Has  the  Constitution 
delegated  to  Congress  the  power  to  coerce  a  State  into 
submission  which  is  attempting  to  withdraw,  or  has  act- 
ually withdrawn,  from  the  confederacy'?  If  answered  in 
the  affirmative,  it  must  be  on  the  principle  that  the 


24  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

power  has  been  conferred  on  Congress  to  make  war  on  a 
State.  After  much  serious  reflection,  I  have  arrived  at 
the  conclusion  that  no  such  power  has  been  delegated  to 
Congress,  nor  to  any  other  department  of  the  Federal 
Government." 

Virginia,  Tennessee,  Kentucky,  Missouri,  and  Arkan- 
sas were  expected  to  join  the  "  Confederacy,"  and  a 
strong  spirit  of  rebellion  was  manifest  in  Maryland.  The 
public  mind  was  occupied  with  one  great  thought — How 
far  will  the  South  go,  and  what  can  the  North  do  to  check 
Secession  and  crush  Rebellion'?  In  seeking  a  solution  of 
this  problem  naturally  public  attention  was  turned  to  the 
President  elect,  and,  under  such  circumstances,  Mr.  Lin- 
coln was  called  upon  to  take  leave  of  his  neighbors  and 
proceed  to  Washington,  to  assume  the  duties  and  respon- 
sibilities to  which  the  people  had  called  him. 

THE  JOURNEY  TO  WASHINGTON  AS  PRESI- 
DENT ELECT. 

FAREWELL  TO  HOME. 

Mr.  Lincoln  left  Springfield,  Illinois,  on  the  llth  of 
February,  1861.  He  was  accompanied  to  the  depot  by  a 
large  concourse  of  friends  and  neighbors.  A  few  minutes 
before  the  time  appointed  for  the  starting  of  the  cars,  Mr. 
Lincoln,  who  had  personally  bid  farewell  to  nearly  all 
present,  appeared  upon  the  platform  of  the  car  set  apart 
for  the  use  of  himself,  family  and  personal  friends,  and 
made  the  following  farewell  address  : 

"  MY  FRIENDS  : — No  one  not  in  my  position  can  ap- 
preciate the  sadness  I  feel  at  this  parting.  To  this  peo- 
ple I  owe  all  that  I  am.  Here  I  have  lived  more  than 
a  quarter  of  a  century ;  here  my  children  were  born,  and 
here  one  of  them  lies  buried.  I  know  not  how  soon  I 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  25 

shall  see  you  again.  A  duty  devolves  upon  me  which  is, 
perhaps,  greater  thaii  that  which  has  devolved  upou^auy 
other  man  since  the  days  of  Washington.  He  never 
would  have  succeeded  except  for  the  aid  of  Divine  Prov- 
idence, upon  which  he  at  all  times  relied.  I  feel  that  1 
cannot  succeed  without  the  same  Divine  aid  which  sus- 
tained him,  and  on  the  same  Almighty  Being  I  place  my 
reliance  for  support;  and  I  hope  you,  my  friends,  will  all 
pray  that  I  may  receive  that  Divine  assistance,  without 
which  I  cannot  succeed,  but  with  which  success  is  cer- 
tain. Again,  I  bid  you  all  an  affectionate  farewell." 

The  persons  accompanying  Mr.  Lincoln  were  Dr.  W. 
M.  Wallace,  John  G.  Nicolay,  John  M.  Hay,  Hon.  N.  P. 
Judd,  Hon.  O.  H.  Browning,  Hon.  David  Davis,  Col.  E. 
V.  Suinner,  Maj.  D.  Hunter,  Capt.  Geo.  Hazzard,  Col.  E. 
E.  Ellsworth,  Col.  Ward,  H.  Lamon,  J.  M.  Burgess,  Geo. 
C.  Latham,  W.  S.  Wood,  Mrs.  Lincoln,  Eobt.  T.  Lincoln, 
a  nurse  and  two  children. 

FROM  SPRINGFIELD  TO  INDIANAPOLIS. 

Along  the  route  several  speeches  were  made  by  Mr. 
Lincoln,  in  response  to  the  earnest  solicitation  of  the 
people,  who  had  gathered  in  crowds  at  the  way  stations. 
At  the  last  point  in  the  State  of  Illinois,  in  response  to 
repeated  calls,  Mr.  Lincoln  presented  himself  to  the  peo- 
ple, and  said : 

"  I  am  leaving  you  on  an  errand  of  national  import- 
ance, attended,  as  you  are  aware,  with  considerable  diffi- 
culties. Let  us  believe,  as  some  poet  has  expressed  it, 
'  Behind  the  cloud  the  sun  is  shining  still.'  I  bid  you  an 
affectionate  farewell." 

2* 


26  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 


RECEPTION  AT  INDIANAPOLIS. 

In  this  railroad  city,  business  was  temporarily  suspend- 
ed, and  the  visit  of  the  President  elect  was  the  all- 
absorbing  topic  of  conversation.  The  citizens  had  made 
preparation  for  giving  Mr.  Lincoln  a  reception,  commen- 
surate with  the  dignity  of  the  position  of  the  incoming 
of  the  Chief  Magistrate.  The  principal  buildings  of  the 
city  were  gaily  decorated  with  flags.  The  Legislature 
was  not  in  session  during  the  forenoon,  and  adjourned 
shortly  after  convening  in  the  afternoon.  The  special 
train,  containing  Mr.  Lincoln  and  suite,  which  consisted, 
in  addition  to  those  previously  mentioned,  of  N.  Bate- 
man,  E.  Peck,  J.  Grimshaw,  W.  E.  Morrison,  L.  W.  Koss, 
M.  H.  Cassell,  O.  M.  Hatch,  Wm.  S.  Underwood,  W.  M. 
Butler,  Wm.  H.  Carlin,  J.  A.  Hough,  D.  H.  Gilmer,  Gov. 
Yates,  and  Ex-Gov.  Moore,  arrived  at  five  o'clock.  As 
it  approached  the  Union  depot,  a  national  salute  of  thir- 
ty-four guns  was  fired  by  the  City  Greys  Artillery.  On 
arriving  at  the  depot,  Gov.  Morton  welcomed  the  Presi- 
dent in  an  earnest  speech,  in  the  course  of  which  he  said : 

"In  every  free  government  there  will  be  differences  of 
opinion,  and  these  differences  result  in  the  formation  of 
parties  ;  but  when  the  voice  of  the  people  has  been  ex- 
pressed through  the  forms  of  the  Constitution,  all  pat- 
riots yield  to  its  obedience.  Submission  to  the  popular 
will  is  the  essential  principle  of  republican  government, 
and  so  vital  is  this  principle  that  it  admits  of  but  one 
exception,  which  is  revolution.  To  weaken  it  is  anarchy ; 
to  destroy  it  is  despotism.  It  recognizes  no  appeal  be- 
yond the  ballot-box;  and,  while  it  is  preserved,  liberfy 
may  be  wounded,  but  never  slain.  To  this  principle  the 
people  of  Indiana — men  of  all  parties — are  loyal,  and 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  27 

they  here  welcome  you  as  the  Chief  Magistrate  elect  of 
the  Eepublic. 

"  When  our  fathers  framed  the  Constitution,  they  de- 
clared it  was  to  form  a  more  perfect  Union ;  to  establish 
justice,  and  to  secure  the  blessings  of  liberty  to  them- 
selves and  their  posterity  ;  and  for  these  considerations 
we  proclaim  our  purpose  to  maintain  that  Constitution 
inviolate,  as  it  came  from  their  hands.  This  Union  has 
been  the  idol  of  our  hopes,  the  parent  of  our  prosperity, 
our  shield  of  protection  abroad,  and  our  title  to  the  re- 
spect and  consideration  of  the  world.  '  May  it  be  pre- 
served,' is  the  prayer  of  every  patriotic  heart  in  Indiana, 
and  that  it  shall  be  is  their  determination." 

The  guests  of  the  State  were  then  escorted  through  the 
principal  streets  of  the  Capital  by  a  procession  composed 
of  both  Houses  of  the  Legislature,  the  public  officers, 
municipal  authorities,  military,  and  firemen.  On  reach- 
ing the  Bates  House,  Mr.  Lincoln  was  called  for  with 
great  enthusiasm,  and  he  addressed  the  people  as  follows : 

"  FELLOW-CITIZENS  OF  THE  STATE  OF  INDIANA  :  I  am 
here  to  thank  you  much  for  this  magnificent  welcome,  and 
still  more  for  the  very  generous  support  given  by  your 
State  to  that  political  cause,  which  I  think  is  the  true  and 
just  cause  of  the  whole  country  and  the  whole  world. 
Solomon  says  '  there  is  a  time  to  keep  silence ;'  and  when 
men  wrangle  by  the  mouth,  with  no  certainty  that  they 
mean  the  same  thing  while  using  the  same  words,  it  per- 
haps were  as  well  if  they  would  keep  silence.  The  words 
'  coercion'  and  '  invasion'  are  much  used  in  these  days, 
and  often  with  some  temper  and  hot  blood.  Let  us  make 
sure,  if  we  can,  that  we  do  not  misunderstand  the  mean- 
ing of  those  who  use  them.  Let  us  get  the  exact  defini- 
tions of  these  words,  not  from  dictionaries,  but  from  the 


28  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

men  themselves,  who  certainly  deprecate  the  things  they 
would  represent  by  the  use  of  the  words.  What,  then;  is 
'  coercion  V  What  is  '  invasion  ?'  Would  the  marching 
of  an  army  into  South  Carolina,  without  the  consent  of 
her  people,  and  with  hostile  intent  towards  them,  be  in- 
vasion1? I  certainly  think  it  would,  and  it  would  be 
'  coercion'  also  if  the  South  Carolinians  were  forced  to 
submit.  But  if  the  United  States  should  merely  hold 
and  retake  its  own  forts  and  other  property,  and  collect 
the  duties  on  foreign  importations,  or  even  withhold  the 
mails  from  places  where  they  were  habitually  violated, 
would  any  or  all  of  these  things  be  '  invasion'  or  '  coer- 
cion T  Do  our  professed  lovers  of  the  Union,  but  who 
spitefully  resolve  that  they  will  resist  coercion  and  inva- 
sion, understand  that  such  things  as  these,  on  the  part  of 
the  United  States,  would  be  coercion  or  invasion  of  a 
State  1  If  so,  their  idea  of  means  to  preserve  the  object 
of  their  great  affection  would  seem  to  be  exceedingly  thin 
and  airy.  If  sick,  the  little  pills  of  the  homo3opathist 
would  be  much  too  large  for  it  to  swallow.  In  their 
view,  the  Union,  as  a  family  relation,  would  seem  to  be 
no  regular  marriage,  but  rather  a  sort  of  '  free-love'  ar- 
rangement, to  be  maintained  on  passional  attraction.  By 
the  way,  in  what  consists  the  special  sacredness  of  a 
State  ?  I  speak  not  of  the  position  assigned  to  a  State 
in  the  Union  by  the  Constitution,  for  that  is  the  bond  we 
all  recognize.  That  position,  however,  a  State  cannot 
carry  out  of  the  Union  with  it.  I  speak  of  that  assumed 
primary  right  of  a  State  to  rule  all  which  is  less  than  it- 
self, and  to  ruin  all  which  is  larger  than  itself.  If  a  State 
and  a  County,  in  a  given  case,  should  be  equal  in  extent 
of  territory  and  equal  in  number  of  inhabitants,  in  what, 
as  a  matter  of  principle,  is  the  State  better  than  the 
County?  Would  an  exchange  of  name  be  an  exchange 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  29 

of  rights  1  Upon  what  principle,  upon  what  rightful 
principle,  may  a  State,  being  no  more  than  one-fiftieth 
part  of  the  nation  in  soil  and  population,  break  up  the 
nation,  and  then  coerce  a  proportionably  larger  subdivis- 
ion of  itself  in  the  most  arbitrary  way  1  What  mysteri- 
ous right  to  play  tyrant  is  conferred  on  a  district  of 
country  with  its  people,  by  merely  calling  it  a  State  1 
Fellow-citizens,  I  am  not  asserting  any  thing.  I  am 
merely  asking  questions  for  you  to  consider.  And  now 
allow  me  to  bid  you  farewell." 

FROM  INDIANAPOLIS  TO  CINCINNATI. 

At  eleven  o'clock  on  the  12th,  the  special  train  provided 
for  the  accommodation  of  the  President  elect  and  suite, 
started  from  the  Union  Depot  at  Indianapolis,  amid  the 
shouts  and  cheers  of  five  thousand  ardent  patriots.  The 
train  consisted  of  four  passenger  cars  and  a  baggage  car. 
The  third  and  fourth  cars  were  occupied  by  the  Cincin- 
nati Reception  Committee,  Mr.  Lincoln  and  his  suite,  and 
the  representatives  of  the  press;  the  other  two  by  ex- 
cursionists— ladies  and  gentlemen.  On  boarding  the  cars 
Mr.  Lincoln  was  welcomed  to  Cincinnati  by  Judge  Este, 
on  behalf  of  the  citizens,  and  by  Major  Dennis  J.  Yoohey, 
on  behalf  of  the  Board  of  Common  Council.  Mr.  Lin- 
coln replied  in  a  brief  and  timely  speech,  acknowledging 
his  gratitude  to  the  citizens  of  Cincinnati  for  such  marked 
respect  and  esteem.  The  first  stop  was  made  at  Shelby- 
ville,  lasting  but  two  minutes.  Mr.  Lincoln  merely  ap- 
peared on  the  rear  platform  and  courteously  bowed  in 
response  to  the  cheering  of  the  enthusiastic  multitude. 
At  Greensburgh  a  similar  stop  was  made.  Mr.  Lincoln 
briefly  returned  his  thanks  to  the  crowd  for  the  compli- 
ment they  paid  him  in  assembling  in  such  numbers  to 
honor  his  visit  to  the  Hoosier  State.  A  rapid  rate  of 


30  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

speed  was  kept  up  on  the  entire  route ;  the  trip,  includ- 
ding  "rests,"  being  made  in  five  hours  and  fifteen  min- 
utes. 

At  Lawrenceburgh,  Mr.  Lincoln  delivered  a  short 
speech. 

He  hoped  those  whom  he  addressed  were  Union  men. 
(A  voice:  "Indeed  we  are.")  "The  answer  shows  that 
you  are  right,"  responded  Mr.  Lincoln.  "  You  ask  only 
what  is  right  for  either  side  of  this  river,  and  I  say  to 
you  that  the  power  intrusted  to  me  shall  be  exercised  as 
perfectly  to  protect  the  rights  of  your  neighbors  across 
the  river,  as  to  protect  yours  on  this  side.  I  know  no 
difference  in  the  protection  of  constitutional  rights  on 
either  side  of  the  river.  (A  voice :  '  May  the  public  men 
be  as  right  as  the  people  are.')  Yes,  that  is  the  thing 
precisely.  And  let  me  tell  you,  that  if  the  people  remain 
right,  your  public  men  can  never  betray  you.  If,  in 
my  brief  term  of  public  office,  I  shall  be  wicked  or  fool- 
ish, if  you  remain  right,  and  true,  and  honest,  you  cannot 
be  betrayed.  My  power  is  temporary  and  fleeting — 
yours  is  as  eternal  as  the  principle  of  liberty.  Cultivate 
and  protect  that  sentiment,  and  your  ambitious  leaders 
will  be  reduced  to  the  position  of  servants  instead  of 
masters." 

Nothing  else  worthy  of  notice  occurred  during  the  trip, 
except  that  the  family  of  General  Harrison  were  assem- 
bled around  his  grave,  to  whom  Mr.  Lincoln  bowed  his 
respects  to  the  memory  of  that  patriot. 

RECEPTION  AT   CINCINNATI. 

A  more  beautiful  day  seldom  graced  the  month  of  Feb- 
ruary. The  sun  shone  brilliantly.  The  heavens  were  not 
darkened  by  a  cloud  during  the  day.  As  the  hour  ap- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  31 

proached  for  the  arrival  ol  the  train,  every  avenue  lead- 
ing in  the  direction  of  the  Indianapolis  and  Cincinnati 
railroad  depot  was  thronged  with  citizens,  hurrying 
thither  in  order  to  obtain  as  convenient  a  position  as  pos- 
sible. The  numbers  increased  as  the  time  grew  less,  un- 
til the  space  in  front  of  and  below  and  above  the  depot 
was  crowded  with  a  mass  of  human  beings.  The  win- 
dows and  the  roofs  of  the  neighboring  houses  were  occu- 
pied and  the  board  and  coal  piles  were  covered  with  the 
expectant  people.  The  bridge  leading  over  the  canal  at 
the  foot  of  Wood-street  was  so  densely  packed  that  its 
sudden  fall  was  looked  for  by  many,  who  advised  those 
upon  it  to  station  themselves  elsewhere.  This  advice 
was  unheeded ;  but,  fortunately,  no  accident  happened. 
About  half-past  two  o'clock  the  municipal  and  special 
police  arrived,  in  command  of  Capt.  Lewis  Wilson.  After 
clearing  the  depot  and  a  carriage  way  in  the  street,  they 
took  position  on  Front-street,  west  of  the  depot.  The 
military  arrived  soon  after,  and  took  the  position  assigned 
them.  This  set  the  spectators  on  the  qui  vive,  and  they 
indulged  in  frequent  shouts  as  some  mischievous  urchin 
would  start  the  report  that  the  train  was  coming.  But 
people  on  such  occasions  are  always  doomed  to  disap- 
pointment ;  their  impatience  makes  the  time  seem  doubly 
long.  Finally  the  boom  of  the  cannon  on  the  bank  of  the 
river  announced  the  approach  of  the  train.  As  it  neared 
the  depot  the  crowd  gave  a  loud  and  prolonged  cheer, 
which  was  again  renewed  when  Mr.  Lincoln  was  seen 
stepping  from  a  car  with  Mayor  E.  M.  Bishop,  followed  by 
his  suite  and  the  various  committees.  After  a  number  of 
provoking  delays,  they  reach  the  carriages,  when  the 
rowd  became  perfectly  wild  with  enthusiasm.  Cheer 
after  cheer  rent  the  air;  shouts  after  shouts  for  the 
"President"  and  the  "Union;"  and  amid  the  exciting 


32  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

scene,  Mr.  Lincoln  rose  in  the  carriage,  uncovered  his 
head,  and  acknowledged  the  greeting  with  repeated  bows. 
The  procession  soon  after  started,  but  it  was  with  much 
difficulty  that  Mr.  Lincoln's  carriage  was  driven  through 
the  mass  of  the  people  that  blocked  up  the  way  from  the 
depot  to  Freeman-street. 

THE  PROCESSION. 

The  procession  moved  in  the  following  order : 

Miles  Greenwood,  Grand  Marshal,  and  Aids,  mounted. 

Major-General  Lytle  and  Staff,  mounted. 

Brigadier-General  Bates  and  Staff. 

Steuben  Artillery,  Captain  Ammis. 

First  Cincinnati  Battalion,  in  command  of  Major  Kennett, 
composed  of  the  following  companies : 

Lafayette,  Guards,  Capt.  Miller. 

German  Yagers,  Capt.  Sommer. 

Rover  Guards,  Lieut.  Hubbell,  commanding. 

Cincinnati  Zouaves,  Lieut.  Anderson,  commanding. 

First  Company  Second  Cincinnati  Battalion,  Capt.  Pendrey. 

Continental  Battalion,  in  command  of  Colonel  Jones,  as  follows : 

Company  A,  Capt.  Jackson. 

Company  B.  Capt.  Whitcom. 

Independent  Guthrie  Greys  Battalion — two  companies,  in  command 
of  Major  Bosley. 

Detachment  of  Washington  Dragoons,  acting  as  special  guard 
to  the  carriage,  Capt.  Pfau. 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN,  President  elect,  in  carriage, 

drawn  by  six  white  horses. 

Second  Detachment  of  Washington  Dragoons,  Capt.  Pfau. 

Carriages  with  the  suite  of  President  elect. 

Committees,  in  carriages. 

Citizens,  on  horseback. 

Citizens,  in  carriages. 

The  carriage  in  which  Mr.  Lincoln  rode  was  an  open 
one  and  was  drawn  by  six  white  horses,  which  were  beau- 
tifully caparisoned  with  the  national  colors.  Mayor  Bishop 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  33 

occupied  a  seat  by  the  side  of  the  guest.  Ex-Mayor  Foley, 
of  Covington,  and  Mayor  Hawkins,  of  Newport,  occupied 
the  remaining  seats  in  the  carriages. 

The  carriage  was  accompanied  by  Major  Burke  and 
Capt.  Cloon,  two  of  Maj.  Gen.  Lytle's  staff,  whom  he  de- 
tailed especially  for  this  service.  A  detachment  of  police 
marched  in  such  a  manner  as  to  surround  the  carriage  so 
as  to  prevent  serious  delays  from  the  pressure  of  the 
crowd. 

ROUTE  AND  DECORATIONS. 

The  route  lay  on  Front  and  Freeman  streets  from  the 
depot  to  Sixth  street,  up  Sixth  to  Mound  street,  out 
Mound  to  Eighth,  on  Eighth  street  to  Elm,  up  Elm  to 
Fifteenth,  out  Fifteenth  to  Vine,  down  Vine  to  the  Bur- 
net  House. 

A  large  number  of  residences  along  the  route  were  dec- 
orated with  national  flags  and  various  patriotic  devices. 
Some  of  them  were  more  marked  than  others,  and  are 
worthy  of  special  mention.  The  yard  and  residence  of 
E.  M.  Corwine,  Esq.,  on  Sixth  street,  attracted  much  at- 
tention. Beside  the  other  decorations  on  the  west  side  of 
the  house,  was  a  large  flag,  bearing  these  expressive  words : 
"  Welcome  to  the  President  of  Thirty-four  States."  Mayor 
Bishop's  house,  corner  of  Eighth  and  Mound,  was  very 
neatly  and  very  patriotically  decorated.  The  house  of 
Mr.  Stratton  had  in  large  white  letters  on  a  blue  ground, 
this  one  word,  dear  to  every  patriot,  "  Union."  Elm 
street  to  the  intersection  of  Fifteenth  was  decorated  in  an 
attractive  manner,  but  Vine  street  to  the  canal  presented 
the  most  attractive  and  patriotic  appearance.  There  was 
hardly  a  residence  or  a  public  building  that  did  not  have 
every  window  decorated  with  flags.  Banners  were  stretch- 
ed across  the  streets,  and  there  were  portraits  of  Wash. 
3 


34  .  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

ington  and  of  Lincoln  surrounded  with  wreaths  of  ever- 
green. The  city  in  other  parts  was  profusely  decorated. 
The  Court  House,  City  Buildings,  Custom  House,  all  of 
the  Engine  Houses,  and  Times,  Commercial  and  Gazette 
offices,  had  the  stars  and  stripes  flung  to  the  breeze,  and 
the  business  houses  generally  had  very  handsome  flags 
extended  from  their  establishments.  The  Catholic  Insti- 
tute exhibited  the  most  beautiful  and  costly  flag.  The 
decorations  of  the  Gibson  House,  drew  forth  the  heartiest 
praises  of  any  in  the  city.  An  immense  transparency, 
sixty  feet  in  length  and  twenty  in  breadth,  made  of  red, 
white  and  blue  muslin,  was  elevated  on  the  lower  balcony 
of  the  hotel.  At  one  end  it  contained  a  portrait  of  Lin- 
coln, at  the  other  a  portrait  of  Hamlin,  and  in  the  center 
a  portrait  of  Washington  above  the  federal  coat  of  arms. 
The  intervening  spaces  were  filled  with  the  following  mot- 
toes: "The  people  will  sustain  the  people's  choice." 
"  Honor  to  a  President,  not  to  a  Partisan."  "  A  union  of 
hearts,  a  union  of  hands."  "A  union  that  nothing  can 
sever."  "A  union  of  States,  a  union  of  lands."  "The 
American  Union,  forever."  "  The  Union  must  and  shall 
be  preserved."  "  Protection  to  theEights  of  all  Sections." 
"  Maintenance  of  the  Letter  and  Spirit  of  the  Constitution 
and  Preservation  of  the  Union  at  all  hazards."  "The 
time  has  come  when  Demagogues  must  go  Under."  "  The 
security  of  a  Eepublic  is  in  the  maintenance  of  the  Laws." 
Beneath  all  this,  on  a  pink  ground  work,  were  the  names 
of  the  thirty-four  States,  each  encircled  with  evergreens. 
Under  those  which  seceded  were  the  words :  "  Out  on 
paper."  The  whole  was  exceedingly  patriotic  and  apropos. 
The  transparency,  with  the  entire  hotel  front,  was  bril- 
liantly illuminated  in  the  evening.  At  the  Banner  Ward 
House  on  Vine  street,  there  was  displayed  a  rich  silk 
banner  which  was  intended  to  be  presented  to  Mr.  Lin- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  35 

coin.  In  the  centre,  on  one  side,  were  the  initial  letters 
"A.  L."  encircled  by  a  wreath  of  evergreens.  Around 
this  were  the  words ;  "  Protect  this  banner  against  any  in- 
sult, whatsoever."  On  the  reverse  side  were  the  words 
"Our  Constitution,"  encircled  by  evergreen,  and  above 
this  sentence :  "  Be  firm,  and  the  hopes  of  freeman  are 
fulfilled." 

At  the  Orphan  Asylum  all  of  the  children  were  assem- 
bled, and  on  the  approach  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  carriage  they 
sang  a  patriotic  song  to  the  time  of  "  Hail  Columbia," 
waving  at  the  same  time  flags  which  they  held  in  their 
hands.  On  Vine  street,  at  the  Banner  Ward  House, 
there  were  a  dozen  or  more  tables  on  the  line  of  the  street, 
upon  which  stood  twenty  or  thirty  little  girls  dressed  in 
white.  Mr.  Lincoln's  carraige  was  stopped  while  they 
sang  the  "  Star  Spangled  Banner."  One  of  the  little 
girls  was  taken  in  the  arms  of  a  brawny  German  and  car- 
ried to  the  carriage,  when  she  modestly  handed  Mr.  Lin- 
coln a  single  flower,  and  he  in  return  stooped  and  kissed 
the  child.  The  incident,  so  touching  and  beautiful,  filled 
many  eyes  with  tears,  and  the  effect  was  not  lost  on  the 
hearts  of  any.  Further  on  Vine,  a  large  German  sitting 
on  a  huge  beer  barrel,  with  a  glass  of  lager  in  his  hand, 
thus  addressed  the  President  elect :  "  God  be  with  you. 
Enforce  the  laws  and  save  our  country.  Here's  your  health." 
From  the  canal  to  the  Burnet  House  the  streets  were 
lined  with  thousands  of  people.  From  Fifth  to  Third  one 
mass  of  human  beings  thronged  the  way,  and  it  was  with 
the  greatest  difficulty  that  the  carriage  moved  at  all. 
From  every  window  and  housetop  handkerchiefs  waved, 
and  from  the  people  in  the  streets  the  most  enthusiastic 
cheers  rent  the  air.  Mr.  Lincoln  stood  up  in  the  carriage 
and  bowed  acknowledgment  to  either  side.  The  Post 
Office  steps  and  the  intersections  of  Fourth  and  Vine  and 


36  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Third  and  Vine  presented  the  most  magnificent  spectacles 
ever  witnessed  in  Cincinnati.  A  large  portion  of  the  im- 
mense gathering  was  composed  of  ladies,  who  vied  with 
each  other  in  waving,  with  handkerchiefs,  a  welcome  to 
the  President  elect. 

The  Burnet  House  was  reached  at  five  o'clock,  but  it 
was  half  an  hour  later  before  Mr.  Lincoln  appeared  upon 
the  balcony.  He  was  introduced  to  the  people  by  Mayor 
Bishop,  in  the  following  words  : 

"  HONORED  SIR  :  In  the  name  of  the  people  of  all  classes 
of  my  fellow-citizens,  I  extend  to  you  a  cordial  welcome, 
and  in  their  behalf  I  have  the  honor  of  offering  you  the 
hospitalities  of  Cincinnati.  Our  city  needs  no  eulogy  from 
me.  Her  well  known  character  for  enterprise,  liberality 
and  hospitality,  is  not  more  distinguished  than  is  her  un- 
dying devotion  to  the  Union  of  these  States,  and  a  warm, 
filial  and  affectionate  regard  for  that  glorious  ensign  which 

has 

'  Braved  the  battle  and  the  breeze,' 

upon  land  and  sea  so  many  years.  The  people  under  the 
solemn  and  dignified  forms  of  the  Constitution  have 
chosen  you  as  President  of  the  United  States,  and  as  such 
I  greet  you.  And  you  will  believe  me,  when  I  say,  that 
it  is  the  earnest  and  united  desire  of  our  citizens  that  your 
Administration  of  the  General  Government  may  be  marked 
by  wisdom,  patriotism  and  justice,  to  all  sections  of  the 
country,  from  the  Atlantic  to  the  Pacific  oceans,  from  the 
northern  boundary  of  Maine  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  So 
that  when  you  retire  from  office  your  fellow-citizens  may 
greet  you  everywhere  with  the  cheering  words,  'Well 
done  thou  good  and  faithful  servant.' 

"  But,  sir,  I  see  in  this  great  and  anxious  concourse  not 
only  the  citizens  of  Ohio,  but  also  many  from  our  sister 
state,  Kentucky — the  land  of  Clay,  the  former  home  of 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  37 

your  parents  and  mine,  and  the  place  of  your  birth. 
These,  too,  greet  you,  for  they,  like  us,  are,  and  ever  will 
be,  loyal  to  the  Constitution  and  the  Union.  I  again  wel- 
come you  to  our  noble  city,  and  trust  that  your  short  stay 
with  us  may  be  an  agreeable  one,  and  that  your  journey 
to  our  Federal  Capital  may  be  pleasant  and  safe.'* 

The  President  elect  responded  as  follows: 

"  ME.  MAYOR,  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  :  Twenty-four 
hours  ago,  at  the  Capital  of  Indiana,  I  said  to  myself,  I 
have  never  seen  so  many  people  assembled  together  in 
winter  weather.  I  am  no  longer  able  to  say  that.  But 
it  is  what  might  reasonably  have  been  expected — that 
this  great  city  of  Cincinnati  would  thus  acquit  herself  on 
such  an  occasion.  My  friends,  I  am  entirely  overwhelmed 
by  the  magnificence  of  the  reception  which  has  been 
given,  I  will  not  say  to  me,  but  to  the  President  elect 
of  the  United  States  of  America.  Most  heartily  do  I 
thank  you  one  and  all  for  it.  I  am  reminded  by  the 
address  of  your  worthy  Mayor,  that  this  reception  is 
given,  not  by  one  political  party,  and  even  if  I  had  not 
been  so  reminded  by  His  Honor,  I  could  not  have  failed 
to  know  the  fact  by  the  extent  of  the  multitude  I  see  be- 
fore me  now.  I  could  not  look  upon  this  vast  assem- 
blage without  being  made  aware  that  all  parties  were 
united  in  this  reception.  This  is  as  it  should  be.  It 
is  as  it  should  have  been  if  Senator  Douglas  had  been 
elected ;  it  is  as  it  should  have  been  if  Mr.  Bell  had  been 
elected  ;  as  it  should  have  been  if  Mr.  Breckimidge  had 
been  elected ;  as  it  should  ever  be  when  any  citizen  of 
the  United  States  is  constitutionally  elected  President  of 
the  United  States.  Allow  me  to  say  that  I  think  what 
has  occurred  here  to-day  could  not  have  occurred  in  any 
other  country  on  the  face  of  the  globe,  without  the  in- 


38  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

fluence  of  the  free  institutions  which  we  have  unceasingly 
enjoyed  for  three-quarters  of  a  century.  There  is  no 
country  where  the  people  can  turn  out  and  enjoy  this  day 
precisely  as  they  please,  save  under  the  benign  influence 
of  the  free  institutions  of  our  land.  I  hope  that,  although 
we  have  some  threatening  national  difficulties  now,  while 
these  free  institutions  shall  continue  to  be  in  the  enjoy- 
ment of  millions  of  free  people  of  the  United  States,  we 
will  see  repeated  every  four  years  what  we  now  witness. 
In  a  few  short  years  I  and  every  other  individual  man 
who  is  now  living  will  pass  away.  I  hope  that  our  na- 
tional difficulties  will  also  pass  away,  and  I  hope  we  shall 
see  in  the  streets  of  Cincinnati — good  old  Cincinnati — 
for  centuries  to  come,  once  every  four  years,  the  people 
give  such  a  reception  as  this  to  the  constitutionally  elected 
President  of  the  whole  United  States.  I  hope  you  shall 
all  join  in  that  reception,  and  that  you  shall  also  welcome 
your  brethren  across  the  river  to  participate  in  it.  We 
will  welcome  them  in  every  State  in  the  Union,  no  mat- 
ter where  they  are  from.  From  away  South,  we  shall 
extend  to  them  a  cordial  good  will,  when  our  present  dif- 
ferences shall  have  been  forgotten  and  blown  to  the  winds 
forever. 

"  I  have  spoken  but  once  before  this  in  Cincinnati.  That 
was  a  year  previous  to  the  late  Presidential  election.  On 
that  occasion,  in  a  playful  manner  but  with  sincere  words, 
I  addressed  much  of  what  I  said  to  the  Kentuckians.  I 
gave  my  opinion  that  we  as  Republicans  would  ultimately 
beat  them  as  Democrats,  but  that  they  could  postpone  that 
result  longer  by  nominating  Senator  Douglas  for  the  Presi- 
dency than  they  could  in  any  other  way.  They  did  not 
in  the  true  sense  of  the  word  nominate  Douglas,  and  the 
result  has  come  certainly  as  soon  as  I  expected.  I  also 
told  them  how  I  expected  they  would  be  treated  after 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  39 

they  should  have  been  beaten ;  and  I  now  wish  to  call  or 
recall  their  attention  to  what  I  then  said  upon  that  sub- 
ject. I  then  said :  'When  we  do,  as  we  say,  beat  you, 
you  perhaps  will  want  to  know  what  we  will  do  with  you. 
We  mean  to  treat  you  as  near  as  we  possibly  can  as  Wash- 
ington, Jefferson  and  Madison  treated  you.  We  mean  to 
leave  you  alone  and  in  no  way  to  interfere  with  your  in- 
stitutions, to  abide  by  all  and  every  compromise  of  the 
Constitution ;  and,  in  a  word,  coming  back  to  the  original 
proposition  to  treat  you  as  far  as  degenerate  men,  if  we 
have  degenerated,  may  according  to  the  examples  of  those 
noble  fathers  Washington,  Jefferson  and  Madison.  We 
mean  to  remember  that  you  are  as  good  as  we — that  there 
is  no  difference  between  us — other  than  the  difference  of 
circumstances.  We  mean  to  recognize  and  bear  in  mind 
always  that  you  have  as  good  hearts  in  your  bosoms  as 
other  people,  or  as  good  as  we  claim  to  have  and  treat 
.you  accordingly.' 

"Fellow-citizens  of  Kentucky,  friends,  brethren:  May 
I  call  you  such  ?  In  my  new  position  I  see  no  occasion 
and  feel  no  inclination  to  retract  a  word  of  this.  If  it 
shall  not  be  made  good  be  assured  that  the  fault  shall  not 
be  mine." 

Prolonged  cheers  signified  general  approval  of  this 
speech. 

About  half-past  eight  o'clock  near  two  thousand  of  the 

Germans,  Free  Workingrnen  of  the  city,  marched  in  pro- 
cession to  the  Burnet  House,  many  of  them  bearing  torch- 
es, and  called  upon  the  President  elect.  Mr.  Lincoln  was 
escorted  to  the  balcony,  and  was  greeted  on  behalf  of  the 
workingmen  by  Mr.  Fred.  Oberkleine,  to  whom  he  replied : 
MR.  CHAIRMAN  :  I  thank  you  and  those  you  represent 
for  the  compliment  paid  me  by  the  tender  of  this  address. 
In  so  far  as  there  is  an  allusion  to  our  present  national 


40  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

difficulties,  and  the  suggestion  of  the  views  of  the  gen- 
tlemen who  present  this  address,  I  beg  you  will  excuse 
me  from  entering  particularly  upon  it.  I  deem  it  due  to 
myself  and  the  whole  country,  in  the  present  extraordi- 
nary condition  of  the  country,  and  of  public  opinion,  that 
I  should  wait  and  see  the  last  development  of  public 
opinion  before  I  give  my  views  or  express  myself  at  the 
time  of  the  inauguration.  I  hope  at  that  time  to  be  false 
to  nothing  you  have  been  taught  to  expect  of  me. 

I  agree  with  you  Mr.  Chairman,  and  the  address  of  your 
constituents  in  the  declaration,  that  workingmen  are  the 
basis  of  all  government.  That  remark  is  due  to  them 
more  than  to  any  other  class,  for  the  reason  that  there  are 
more  of  them  than  of  any  other  class.  And  as  your  ad- 
dress is  presented  to  me  not  only  on  behalf  of  the  work- 
ingmen, but  especially  of  Germans,  I  may  say  a  word  as 
to  classes.  I  hold  the  value  of  life  is  to  improve  one's 
condition.  Whatever  is  calculated  to  advance  the  condi- 
tion of  the  honest  struggling  laboring  man,  so  far  as  my 
judgment  will  enable  me  to  judge  of  a  correct  thing,  I  am 
for  that  thing.  An  allusion  has  been  made  to  the  Home- 
stead Law.  I  think  it  worthy  of  consideration,  and  that 
the  wilds  of  the  country  should  be  distributed  so  that 
every  man  should  have  the  means  and  opportunity  of 
benefitting  his  condition.  I  have  said  I  do  not  desire  to 
enter  into  details,  nor  will  I. 

In  regard  to  Germans  and  foreigners.  I  esteem  for- 
eigners no  better  than  other  people,  nor  any  worse. 
[Laughter  and  cheers.]  They  are  all  of  the  great  family 
of  men,  and  if  there  is  one  shackle  upon  any  of  them  it 
would  be  far  better  to  lift  the  load  from  them  than  to  pile 
additional  loads  upon  them.  And  inasmuch  as  the  conti- 
nent of  America  is  comparatively  a  new  country,  and  the 
other  countries  of  the  world  are  old  countries,  there  is 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  41 

more  room  here  comparatively  speaking  than  there  is 
there ;  and  if  they  can  better  their  condition  by  leaving 
their  old  homes,  there  is  nothing  in  my  heart  to  forbid 
them  coming ;  and  I  bid  them  all  God  speed.  [Cheers.] 
Again,  gentlemen,  thanking  you  for  your  address  I  bid 
you  good  night." 

FROM  CINCINNATI  TO   COLUMBUS. 

The  President  elect  and  suite,  to  which  Captain  John 
Pope  had  been  added,  left  Cincinnati  on  the  morning  of 
the  13th  for  the  Capital  of  Ohio,  upon  a  special  train  of 
cars  provided  by  the  Little  Miami  Eailway.  At  most  of 
the  stations  en  route  large  numbers  of  people  had  assem- 
bled to  welcome  Mr.  Lincoln,  but  no  incidents  worthy  of 
special  notice  occurred. 

RECEPTION  AT  THE  CAPITAL  OF  OHIO. 

On  the  31st  of  January,  1860,  the  General  Assembly 
of  Ohio  passed  a  resolution  inviting  Mr.  Lincoln  to  visit 
the  Capital  on  his  way  to  Washington,  and  the  following 
members  were  appointed  a  committee  to  extend  the  invi- 
tation and  superintend  the  necessary  preparations  for  the 
visit :  On  the  part  of  the  House — S.  E.  Brown,  of  Miami  ; 
J.  Scott,  of  Warren ;  W.  G.  Flagg,  of  Hamilton ;  John 
Welsh,  of  Athens;  G.  W.  Andrews,  of  Auglaize;  E. 
Parrott,  of  Montgomery ;  Jesse  Baldwin,  of  Cuyahoga. 
On  the  part  of  the  Senate — James  Monroe,  of  Lorain ;  F. 
P.  Cuppy,  of  Montgomery,  and  G.  W.  Holmes,  of  Ham- 
ilton. 

The  committee  invited  the  co-operation  of  the  city 
authorities  of  Columbus,  and  at  a  special  meeting  of 
Council  it  was  determined,  on  motion  of  C.  P.  L.  Butler, 
cordially  to  co-operate,  and  the  following  named  gentle- 
men were  designated  as  a  committee  of  Invitation : 
Mayor,  L.  English,  President  of  Council,  L.  Donaldson, 


42  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Theo.  Comstock,  C.  P.  L.  Butler,  and  J.  H.  Stauring. 
Committee  of  Arrangements  :  A.  L.  Buttles,  Joseph  H. 
Eiley,  and  S.  E.  Ogden. 

The  invitation  to  visit  the  Capital  was  extended  to  Mr. 
Lincoln  by  the  State  and  city  committees  at  Indianapolis, 
and  was  promptly  accepted.  Preparations  for  the  recep- 
tion were  immediately  begun  upon  a  scale  befitting  the 
importance  and  interest  attaching  to  the  visit ;  and  on 
the  morning  of  the  13th  of  February  the  several  commit- 
tees and  the  Adjutant  General  of  the  State  issued  the 
following : 

PROGRAMME. — The  President  elect  and  suite,  accompanied  by  the 
committees  appointed  on  the  part  of  the  General  Assembly  and  the 
Executive,  will  reach  Columbus  about  2  o'clock  P.  M.  to-day,  and 
"will  proceed  at  once  to  the  State  Capitol  in  carriages,  under  escort 
of  the  1st  Battalion,  2d  Regiment,  Lieut.  Col.  Mills  commanding. 
The  Governor  will  receive  the  President  elect  at  the  Executive 
Rooms ;  thence,  accompanied  by  the  committee  of  Escort,  they  will 
proceed  to  the  Hall  of  Representatives,  when  the  Governor  will  pre- 
sent the  President  elect  to  the  General  Assembly,  through  Lieut. 
Gov.  Kirk,  its  presiding  officer ;  after  which  the  President  elect  will 
proceed  to  the  rotunda  of  the  Capitol,  where  he  will  receive  the 
citizens  until  5  o'clock  P.  M.  From  8£  o'clock  to  10  P.  M.  there  will 
be  a  levee  at  the  House  of  Representatives  for  ladies  and  their 
escorts.  This  levee,  and  all  ceremonies,  will  close  at  10  o'clock  pre- 
cisely. The  President  elect  will  be  the  guest  of  the  Governor  during 
his  stay  in  the  city,  and  with  his  suite,  accompanied  by  the  Gover- 
nor's aids  and  the  proper  committees,  will  leave  for  Pittsburg  by 
special  train  at  8  o'clock  A.  M.  on  Thursday.  The  execution  of  this 
programme  will  be  intrusted  to  Brig.  Gen.  Lucian  Buttles,  who  is 
appointed  Marshal  of  the  day.  Proper  salutes  will  be  fired  on  the 
arrival  and  departure  of  the  President  elect. 

JOINT  COMMITTEES  OF    ARRANGEMENT. 

Senate  Committee — James  Monroe,  F.  P.  Cuppy,  Geo.  W.  Holmes. 
House  Committee — Samuel  Brown,  G.  W.  Andrews,  E.  Parrott,  J. 
Scott,  Wm.  J.  Flagg,  Isaac  Welsh,  Jesse  Baldwin. 

Committee  of  City  Council— A..  B.  Buttles,  J.  H.  Riley,  S.  E.  Ogden. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  43 

GENERAL  HEADQUARTERS,  ADJT.  GEN.'S  OFFICE, 

COLUMBUS,  O.,  February  9, 1861. 
SPECIAL  ORDER,  No.  45. 

Quartermaster  General  D.  L.  Wood  will  make  proper  provision 
for  the  salutes,  and  Lieut.  Col.  Mills  will  furnish  the  infantry  escort 
contemplated  in  the  official  programme  for  the  reception  of  the 
President  elect  of  the  United  States  at  the  Capitol  of  Ohio,  Feb- 
ruary 13,  1861,  announced  by  the  joint  committee  of  the  General 
Assembly  of  this  day. 

By  order.  H.  B.  CAERLNGTON, 

Adjutant  General. 

On  the  13th,  propitious  weather  and  enthusiasm  drew 
thousands  of  people  together  to  pay  their  respects  to  the 
President  elect.  At  an  early  hour  High  street  was 
swarming  with  excited  humanity.  The  people  continued 
to  arrive  till  noon,  when  not  less  than  five  thousand 
strangers  were  in  the  city.  At  about  one  o'clock  the 
military  of  the  city,  headed  by  Goodman's  band,  formed 
and  marched  to  the  depot.  Here  the  crowd  was  im- 
mense. Every  eligible  spot  in  the  vicinity  of  the  depot 
buildings  was  black  with  men,  women  and  youths,  who 
were  painfully  anxious  to  get  a  glimpse  of  the  distin- 
guished guest  whom  they  had  assembled  to  honor.  As 
the  time  for  the  arrival  of  the  special  train  drew  near,  the 
excitement  grew  intense ;  it  could  be  felt  rather  than  ob- 
served through  the  ordinary  channels;  and  when  the 
train  was  signalled  from  the  first  bridge,  and  the  first  of 
the  thirty-four  gun  salute  fired,  this  excitement  found 
vent  in  a  vigorous  huzza.  The  train  drove  slowly  up, 
and  was  at  once  besieged  by  hundreds  of  men  wild  with 
enthusiasm,  who  demanded  that  the  President  elect 
should  show  himself.  A  minute  or  two  only  elapsed  after 
the  train  came  to  a  halt,  when  Mr.  Lincoln  appeared  on 
the  rear  platform  of  the  train,  and  with  head  uncovered 
and  a  pleasant  smile,  bowed  acknowledgment  of  the 
manifestations  of  consideration  and  respect  which  met 


44  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

him  on  all  hands.  The  air  was  rent  with  deafening 
shouts,  as  the  President  elect  passed  from  the  train  to 
the  open  carriage  in  waiting.  Then  commenced  the  tri- 
umphal march  to  the  State  House.  First  in  order  were 
the  military  escort  and  band,  then  the  President  elect, 
followed  by  his  suite  and  reception  committee.  This  cav- 
alcade was  flanked  by  great  crowds  of  the  excited  popu- 
lace, while  the  more  staid,  in  buggies,  with  foot  passen- 
gers who  could  not  find  room  on  the  flanks,  brought  up 
the  rear.  The  band  discoursed  the  national  airs  with 
great  vigor,  the  crowd  huzzahed  their  irrepressible  en- 
thusiasm, and  the  ladies  and  children  waved  their  respect 
from  the  sidewalks  and  windows  with  handkerchiefs  and 
miniature  flags.  The  western  steps  and  portico  of  the 
State  House  were  densely  packed  with  an  expectant 
throng,  while  the  broad  walks  leading  from  the  western 
entrance  of  the  yard  to  the  building,  and  the  space  im- 
mediately in  front,  were  jammed.  Through  this  dense 
mass  of  humanity  the  President  elect,  escorted  by  the 
reception  committee,  directed  his  way,  preceded  by  the 
military,  who  opened  up  a  path  to  the  vestibule  of  the 
Capitol.  Cheer  upon  cheer,  hearty  and  deafening,  fol- 
lowed the  distinguished  guest  as  he  passed  into  the  State 
House  to  receive  the  respects  of  the  Governor  and  Legis- 
lature. The  crowd — a  very  good  natured  one,  indeed — 
remained  stationary,  making  the  most  of  their  uncom- 
fortable position  (being  packed  together  as  closely  as 
pickles  in  a  jar),  until  they  should  be  favored  with  a 
speech  and  a  levee  from  the  President  elect,  which  they 
knew  were  in  store  for  them.  Many  pleasantries,  sug- 
gested by  the  occasion  and  circumstances,  were  perpe- 
trated, producing  much  good  feeling. 

While  the  crowd  was  thus  held  in  suspense,  waiting 
for  the  conclusion  of  the  in-door  proceedings,  but  one  in- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  45 

cident  worthy  of  record  occurred.  The  stars  and  stripes 
were  elevated  above  the  State  House,  and  as  they  danced 
gaily  in  the  breeze,  three  loud  cheers  were  given  with  a 
will. 

The  fortunate  people  who  had  passes — and  these,  beside 
the  legislators,  were  very  few — began  to  crowd  the  Hall 
of  the  House,  directly  after  the  doors  were  opened. 
Lovely  women,  with  the  promptness  of  the  sex  on  public 
occasions,  took  possession  of  the  galleries ;  and  when  (as 
the  reporter  of  the  Ohio  State  Journal  described  the 
scene)  "  these  were  inundated  with  successive  waves  of 
crinoline,  the  rules  were  suspended  and  the  ladies  admit- 
ted to  the  floor  of  the  House."  The  Senators  had  taken 
seats  with  the  Eepresentatives.  A  tumult  near  the  door 
of  the  hall  announced  the  arrival  of  the  President.  Mr. 
Lincoln  entered  the  room,  attended  by  Governor  Denni- 
son  and  the  legislative  committees,  and  advanced  to  the 
Clerk's  desk,  the  members  of  the  two  Houses  rising  to 
receive  him.  Governor  Dennison  introduced  him  to  the 
Legislature,  and  the  President  of  the  Senate  responded 
in  the  following  speech  of  welcome  : 

"  SIR  :  On  this  day,  and  probably  this  very  hour,  the 
Congress  of  the  United  States  will  declare  the  verdict  of 
the  people,  making  you  their  President.  It  is  my  pleas- 
urable duty,  in  behalf  of  the  people  of  Ohio,  speaking 
through  this  General  Assembly,  to  welcome  you  to  their 
Capital.  Never  in  the  history  of  this  Government  has 
such  fearful  responsibility  rested  upon  the  Chief  Executive 
of  the  nation  as  will  now  devolve  upon  you.  Never  since 
the  memorable  time  our  patriotic  fathers  gave  existence 
to  the  American  Republic,  have  the  people  looked  with 
such  intensity  of  feeling  to  the  inauguration  and  future 
policy  of  a  President,  as  they  do  to  yours.  I  need  not 


46  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

assure  you  that  the  people  of  Ohio  have  full  confidence 
in  your  ability  and  patriotism,  and  will  respond  to  you 
in  their  loyalty  to  the  Union  and  the  Constitution.  It 
would  seem,  sir,  that  the  great  problem  of  self-govern- 
ment is  to  be  solved  under  your  administration.  All  na- 
tions are  deeply  interested  in  its  solution,  and  they  wait 
with  breathless  anxiety  to  know  whether  this  form  of 
government,  which  has  been  the  admiration  of  the  world, 
is  to  be  a  failure  or  not.  It  is  the  earnest  and  united 
prayer  of  our  people,  that  the  same  kind  Providence 
which  protected  us  in  our  colonial  struggles,  and  has 
attended  us  thus  far  in  our  prosperity  and  greatness,  will 
so  imbue  your  mind  with  wisdom,  that  you  may  dispel 
the  dark  clouds  that  hang  over  our  political  horizon,  and 
thereby  secure  the  return  of  harmony  and  fraternal  feel- 
ing to  our  now  distracted  and  unhappy  country.  Again 
I  bid  you  a  cordial  welcome  to  our  Capital." 

Mr.  Lincoln  responded  in  these  words : 

"  GENTLEMEN  OP  THE  SENATE,  AND  CITIZENS  OP 
OHIO  :  It  is  true,  as  has  been  said  by  the  President  of  the 
Senate,  that  very  great  responsibility  rests  upon  me  in 
the  position  to  which  the  votes  of  the  American  people 
have  called  me.  I  am  deeply  sensible  of  that  weighty 
responsibility.  I  cannot  but  know,  what  you  all  know, 
that  without  a  name — perhaps  without  a  reason  why  I 
should  have  a  name — there  has  fallen  upon  me  a  task 
such  as  did  not  rest  upon  the  Father  of  his  Country. 
And  so  feeling,  I  cannot  but  turn  and  look  for  the  sup- 
port without  which  it  will  be  impossible  for  me  to  per- 
form that  great  task.  I  turn,  then,  and  look  to  the 
American  people,  and  to  that  God  who  has  never  for- 
saken them. 

"  Allusion  has  been  made  to  the  interest  felt  in  rela- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  47 

tion  to  the  policy  of  the  new  administration.  In  this  I 
have  received  from  some  a  degree  of  credit  for  having 
kept  silence,  from  others  some  depreciation.  I  still  think 
I  was  right.  In  the  varying  and  repeatedly  shifting 
scenes  of  the  present,  without  a  precedent  which  could 
enable  me  to  judge  for  the  past,  it  has  seemed  fitting 
that  before  speaking  upon  the  difficulties  of  the  country 
I  should  have  gained  a  view  of  the  whole  field.  To  be 
sure,  after  all,  I  would  be  at  liberty  to  modify  and  change 
the  course  of  policy  as  future  events  might  make  a  change 
necessary. 

"  I  have  not  maintained  silence  from  any  want  of  real 
anxiety.  It  is  a  good  thing  that  there  is  no  more  than 
anxiety,  for  there  is  nothing  going  wrong.  It  is  a  con- 
soling circumstance  that  when  we  look  out  there  is  noth- 
ing that  really  hurts  anybody.  We  entertain  different 
views  upon  political  questions,  but  nobody  is  suffering 
anything.  This  is  a  most  consoling  circumstance,  and 
from  it  I  judge  that  all  we  want  is  time  and  patience, 
and  a  reliance  on  that  God  who  has  never  forsaken  this 
people." 

The  speeches  were  listened  to  with  attention,  and  re- 
received  with  deep  feeling.  At  the  conclusion  of  Mr. 
Lincoln's  remarks  the  applause  was  quick  and  hearty. 
The  reporter  for  the  Ohio  State  Journal,  describing  the 
incidents  of  the  day,  said : 

"  The  impression  which  the  appearance  of  the  Presi- 
dent elect  created  was  most  agreeable.  His  great  height 
was  conspicuous  even  in  that  crowd  of  goodly  men,  and 
lifted  him  fully  in  view  as  he  walked  up  the  aisle.  When 
he  took  the  Speaker's  stand,  a  better  opportunity  was 
afforded  to  look  at  the  man  upon  whom  more  hopes  hang 
than  upon  any  other  living.  At  first  the  kindness  and 
amiability  of  his  face  strikes  you ;  but  as  he  speaks,  the 


48  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

greatness  and  determination  of  his  nature  are  apparent. 
Something  in  his  manner,  even  more  than  in  his  words, 
told  how  deeply  he  was  affected  by  the  enthusiasm  of  the 
people ;  and  when  he  appealed  to  them  for  encourage- 
ment and  support,  every  heart  responded  with  mute  as- 
surance of  both.  There  was  the  simplicity  of  greatness 
in  his  unassuming  and  confiding  manner,  that  won  its 
way  to  instant  admiration.  He  looked  somewhat  worn 
with  travel  and  the  fatigues  of  popularity,  but  warmed 
to  the  cordiality  of  his  reception." 

After  the  ceremonies  in  the  Hall,  the  Presidential  party 
went  to  the  western  steps  of  the  Capitol,  where  Mr.  Lin- 
coln addressed  a  vast  concourse  of  people.  He  said : 

"  LADIES  AND  GENTLEMEN  :  I  appear  before  you  only 
to  address  you  very  briefly.  I  shall  do  little  else  than  to 
thank  you  for  this  very  kind  reception ;  to  greet  you  and 
bid  you  farewell.  I  should  not  find  strength,  if  I  were 
otherwise  inclined,  to  repeat  speeches  of  very  great 
length,  upon  every  occasion  similar  to  this — although 
few  so  large — which  will  occur  on  my  way  to  the  Federal 
Capital.  The  General  Assembly  of  the  great  State  of 
Ohio  has  just  done  me  the  honor  to  receive  me,  and  to 
hear  a  few  broken  remarks  from  myself.  Judging  from 
what  I  see,  I  infer  that  the  reception  was  one  without 
party  distinction,  and  one  of  entire  kindness — one  that 
had  nothing  in  it  beyond  a  feeling  of  the  citizenship  of 
the  United  States  of  America.  Knowing,  as  I  do,  that 
any  crowd,  drawn  together  as  this  has  been,  is  made  up 
of  the  citizens  near  about,  and  that  in  this  county  of 
Franklin  there  is  great  difference  of  political  sentiment, 
and  those  agreeing  with  me  having  a  little  the  shortest 
row;  from  this  and  the  circumstances  I  have  mentioned, 
I  infer  that  you  do  me  the  honor  to  meet  me  here  without 
distinction  of  party.  I  think  this  is  as  it  should  be. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  49 

Many  of  you  who  were  not  favorable  to  tbe  election  ot 
myself  to  the  Presidency,  were  favorable  to  the  elec- 
tion of  the  distinguished  Senator  from  the  State  in  which 
I  reside.  If  Senator  Douglas  had  been  elected  to  the 
Presidency  in  the  late  contest,  I  think  my  friends  would 
have  joined  heartily  in  meeting  and  greeting  him  on  his 
passage  through  your  Capital,  as  you  have  me  to-day.  If 
any  of  the  other  candidates  had  been  elected,  I  think  it 
would  have  been  altogether  becoming  and  proper  for  all 
to  have  joined  in  showing  honor  quite  as  well  to  the  office 
and  the  country  as  to  the  man.  The  people  are  them- 
selves honored  by  such  a  concentration.  I  am  doubly 
thankful  that  you  have  appeared  here  to  give  me  this 
greeting.  It  is  not  much  to  me,  for  I  shall  very  soon  pass 
away  from  you ;  but  we  have  a  large  country  and  a  large 
future  before  us,  and  the  manifestations  of  good  will 
towards  the  Government,  and  affection  for  the  Union, 
which  you  may  exhibit,  are  of  immense  value  to  you  and 
your  posterity  forever.  In  this  point  of  view  it  is  that  I 
thank  you  most  heartily  for  the  exhibition  you  have  given 
me ;  and  with  this,  allow  me  to  bid  you  an  affectionate 
farewell." 

The  speaking  concluded,  hand-shaking  commenced. 
Mr.  Lincoln  took  his  position  in  the  rotunda  near  the 
stairway  leading  to  the  Library,  and  the  people  admitted 
at  the  south  door,  passed  through  and  out  at  the  north 
door.  Almost  immediately  the  vast  rotunda  was  crowded 
with  eager,  turbulent,  pushing,  crowding,  jostling  sover- 
eigns, frantic  to  wrench  the  hand  of  the  President  elect. 
An  attempt  was  made  to  preserve  a  lane  through  which 
the  hand- shakers  might  pass  to  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  furious 
and  heroic  were  the  struggles  to  keep  this  avenue  open. 
With  a  sublime  devotion,  which  demands  highest  praise,  a 

few  spartans held  back  the  crowd,  which  heaved  and  surged 
3* 


."JO  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

to  and  fro.  For  a  while  the  President  greeted  the  people 
with  his  right  hand  only,  but  as  the  officers  gave  way  be- 
fore the  irresistible  crowd,  he  shook  hands  right  and  left, 
with  astonishing  rapidity.  The  physical  exertion  must 
have  been  tremendous.  People  plunged  at  his  arms  with 
frantic  enthusiasm,  and  all  the  infinite  variety  of  shakes, 
from  the  wild  and  irrepressible  pump-handle  movement 
to  the  dead  grip,  was  executed  upon  the  devoted  sinister 
and  dexter  of  the  President.  Some  glanced  into  his  face 
as  they  grasped  his  hand ;  others  invoked  the  blessings 
of  heaven  upon  him ;  others  affectionately  gave  him  their 
last  gasping  assurance  of  devotion;  others,  bewildered 
and  furious,  with  hats  crushed  over  their  eyes,  seized  his 
hand  in  a  convulsive  grasp,  and  passed  on  as  if  they  had 
not  the  remotest  idea  who,  what,  or  where  they  were,  nor 
what  anything  was  at  all  about.  But  at  last  the  perform- 
ance became  intolerable  to  the  President,  who  retired  to 
the  stair-case  in  exhaustion,  and  contented  himself  with 
looking  at  the  crowd  as  it  swept  before  him.  It  was  a  very 
good-natured  crowd,  nothing  occurred  to  mar  the  harmony 
of  the  occasion,  and  the  utmost  enthusiasm  prevailed. 
The  President  remained  in  the  Capitol  until  half-past  four, 
and  then  withdrew  to  the  Governor's  residence. 

In  the  evening  the  State  officers,  members  of  the  Legisla- 
ture, City  Council,  and  others  paid  their  respects  to  the 
President  elect,  at  the  residence  of  Governor  Dennison, 
where  a  collation  was  served.  At  half-past  eight  o'clock 
Mr.  Lincoln  repaired  to  the  State  House,  where  he  held  a 
brief  levee,  meeting  many  prominent  citizens,  and  ex- 
changing pleasant  salutations. 

FROM   COLUMBUS   TO   PITTSBURG. 

The  President  elect  and  party  left  Columbus  at  eight 
o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  14th.  The  morning  was 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  51 

wet,  but,  in  spite  of  the  rain,  numbers  had  collected  in  the 
depot,  who  bid  Mr.  Lincoln  adieu.  At  Newark,  Frazees- 
burg,  Dresden,  Coshocton,  Newcomerstown  and  Urichs- 
ville  large  crowds  of  ladies  and  gentlemen  had  collected, 
notwithstanding  a  pelting  rain.  The  train  stopped  at 
Cadiz  Junction,  where  an  elegant  dinner  was  prepared  by 
Mrs.  T.  L.  Jewett,  wife  of  the  President  of  the  Steuben- 
ville  and  Indiana  Kailroad.  Mrs.  Jewett  was  invited  and 
accompanied  the  train ;  also  the  Steubenville  committee. 
When  the  cars  reached  Steubenville  the  rain  had  ceased, 
and  there  was  a  demonstration  of  about  five  thousand 
people  at  the  depot.  Amid  the  firing  of  the  cannon,  Mr. 
Lincoln  ascended  the  stage  and  was  welcomed  by  Judge 
Loyd.  Mr.  Lincoln  responded  briefly.  He  said : 

"I  fear  that  great  confidence  in  my  abilities  is  unfounded. 
The  place  I  am  about  to  assume  is  encompassed  by  vast 
difficulties.  As  I  am,  nothing  shall  be  wanting  on  my 
part ;  unless  sustained  by  the  American  people  and  God, 
I  cannot  hope  to  be  successful.  I  believe  the  devotion  to 
the  Constitution  is  equally  great  on  both  sides  of  the 
river;  it  is  only  the  different  understandings  of  it.  The 
only  dispute  is,  what  are  their  rights  1  If  the  majority 
should  not  rule,  who  should  be  the  judge  ?  When  such 
a  judge  is  found  we  must  be  all  bound  by  his  decision. 
That  judge  is  the  majority  of  the  American  people ;  if 
not,  then  the  minority  must  control.  Would  that  be  right, 
just  or  generous  ?  Assuredly  not.  He  reiterated  that  the 
majority  should  rule.  If  he  adopted  a  wrong  policy,  the 
opportunity  to  condemn  it  would  occur  in  four  years ;  then 
I  can  be  turned  out,  and  a  better  man,  with  better  views, 
put  in  my  place."  The  time  being  up,  the  speech  was  cut 
short. 

Mr.  McCullough,  President  of  the  Cleveland  and  Pitts- 


52  LINCOX.N  MEMORIAL. 

burg  road,  got  on  the  train  to  accompany  the  party  to 
Cleveland;  also  the  committee  to  invite  Mr.  Lincoln  to 
the  recep  fcion  at  Alleghany  City.  At  Wellsville  the  Cleve- 
land committee  joined  the  party. 

RECEPTION  AT  PITTSBURGH 

A  pelting  rain  prevented  the  intended  demonstration 
to  some  extent.  The  party  proceeded  in  carriages  to  the 
Monongahela  House,  Pittsburg,  where  Mr.  Lincoln  ad- 
dressed an  immense  crowd.  He  said  he  would  not  give 
them  a  speech,  as  he  thought  it  more  rare,  if  not  more 
wise,  for  a  public  man.  He  expressed  his  gratification 
and  surprise  at  seeing  so  great  a  crowd  and  such  bound- 
less enthusiasm  manifested  in  the  night  time,  and  under 
such  untoward  circumstances,  to  greet  so  unworthy  an 
individual  as  himself.  This  was  undoubtedly  attributable 
to  the  position  to  which,  more  by  accident  than  by  merit, 
he  had  attained.  He  remarked,  further,  that  if  all  these 
energetic,  whole-souled  people  whom  he  saw  before  him 
were  for  the  preservation  of  the  Union,  he  did  not  see  how 
it  could  be  in  danger.  [Cheering — cries  of  Union  and  no 
compromise.]  He  had  intended  to  say  a  few  words  to  the 
people  of  Pittsburg,  the  greatest  manufacturing  city  in 
the  United  States,  upon  such  matters  as  he  believed  they 
desired  to  hear ;  but  as  he  had  adopted  the  plan  of  hold- 
ing his  tongue  for  the  most  part  during  the  last  canvass, 
and  since  his  election,  he  had,  perhaps,  better  now  hold 
his  tongue.  [Cries  of  "  Go  on."]  Well,  I  am  reminded 
that  there  is  an  Alleghany  City  as  well  as  an  Alleghany 
county;  the  former  the  banner  town  and  the  latter  the 
banner  county,  perhaps,  of  the  world.  I  am  glad  to  see 
both  of  them  and  the  good  people  of  both.  That  I  may 
not  disappoint  these,  I  will  say  a  few  words  to-morrow  as 
to  the  peculiar  interests  of  Alleghany  county."  As  he 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  53 

closed  some  one  proposed  three  cheers  for  "  The  Union  as 
it  is,"  which  were  given  with  a  will. 

It  was  announced  that  Mr.  Lincoln  would  speak  in  the 
morning  at  eight  o'clock,  and  then  be  escorted  by  the 
military  through  both  cities,  and  would  then  leave  at  eleven 
o'clock  for  Cleveland.  Had  it  not  been  for  the  pelting 
storm,  the  display  would  have  been  fine. 

On  the  morning  of  the  15th  Mr.  Lincoln  made  the  fol- 
lowing address  to  the  people  of  Pittsburg : 

"  In  every  short  address  I  have  made  to  the  people,  and 
in  every  crowd  through  which  I  have  passed  of  late,  some 
allusion  has  been  made  to  the  present  distracted  condition 
of  the  country.  It  is  naturally  expected  that  I  should  say 
something  on  this  subject,  but  to  touch  upon  it  at  all 
would  involve  an  elaborate  discussion  of  a  great  many 
questions  and  circumstances,  would  require  more  time 
than  I  can  at  present  command,  and  would  perhaps  un- 
necessarily commit  me  upon  matters  which  have  not  yet 
fully  developed  themselves. 

"The  condition  of  the  country,  fellow-citizens,  is  an 
extraordinary  one,  and  fills  the  mind  of  every  patriot  with 
anxiety  and  solicitude.  My  intention  is  to  give  this  sub- 
ject all  the  consideration  which  I  possibly  can  before  I 
speak  fully  and  definitely  in  regard  to  it,  so  that,  when  I 
do  speak,  I  may  be  as  nearly  right  as  possible.  And  when 
I  do  speak,  fellow-citizens,  I  hope  to  say  nothing  in  op- 
position to  the  spirit  of  the  Constitution,  contrary  to  the 
integrity  of  the  Union,  or  which  will  in  any  way  prove 
inimical  to  the  liberties  of  the  people  or  to  the  peace  of 
the  whole  country.  And,  furthermore,  when  the  time  ar- 
rives for  me  to  speak  on  this  great  subject,  I  hope  to  say 
nothing  which  will  disappoint  the  reasonable  expectations 
of  any  man,  or  disappoint  the  people  generally  throughout 


54  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

the  country,  especially  if  their  expectations  have  been 
based  upon  anything  which  I  may  have  heretofore  said. 
"Notwithstanding  the  troubles  across  the  river,  [the 
speaker,  smiling,  pointed  southwardly  to  the  Monougahela 
river,]  there  is  really  no  crisis  springing  from  anything  in 
the  Government  itself.  In  plain  words,  there  is  really  no 
crisis  except  an  artificial  one.  What  is  there  now  to  war- 
rant the  condition  of  affairs  presented  by  our  friends  '  over 
the  river^'  Take  even  their  own  view  of  the  questions 
involved,  and  there  is  nothing  to  justify  the  course  which 
they  are  pursuing.  I  repeat  it,  then,  there  is  no  crisis, 
except  such  a  one  as  may  be  gotten  up  at  any  time  by 
turbulent  men,  aided  by  designing  politicians.  My  ad- 
vice, then,  under  such  circumstances,  is  to  keep  cool.  If 
the  great  American  people  will  only  keep  their  temper  on 
both  sides  of  the  line,  the  trouble  will  come  to  an  end,  and 
the  question  which  now  distracts  the  country  will  be  set- 
tled just  as  surely  as  all  other  difficulties  of  like  character 
which  have  originated  in  this  Government  have  been 
adjusted.  Let  the  people  on  both  sides  keep  their  self- 
possession,  and  just  as  other  clouds  have  cleared  away  in 
due  time,  so  will  this,  and  this  great  nation  shall  continue 
to  prosper  as  heretofore." 

He  then  referred  to  the  subject  of  the  tariff,  and  said : 

"  According  to  my  political  education,  I  am  inclined  to 
believe  that  the  people  in  the  various  portions  of  the 
country  should  have  their  own  views  carried  out  through 
their  representatives  in  Congress;  that  consideration  of 
the  tariff  bill  should  not  be  postponed  until  the  next  ses- 
sion of  the  National  Legislature.  No  subject  should  en- 
gage your  representatives  more  closely  than  that  of  the 
tariff.  If  I  have  any  recommendation  to  make,  it  Avill  be 
that  every  man  who  is  called  upon  to  serve  the  people,  in 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  55 

a  representative  capacity,  should  study  the  whole  subject 
thoroughly,  as  I  intend  to  do  myself,  looking  to  all  the 
varied  interests  of  the  common  country,  so  that,  when  the 
time  for  action  arrives,  adequate  protection  shall  be  ex- 
tended to  the  coal  and  iron  of  Pennsylvania  and  the  corn 
of  Illinois.  Permit  me  to  express  the  hope  that  this  im- 
portant subject  may  receive  such  consideration  at  the 
hands  of  your  representatives  that  the  interests  of  no  part 
of  the  country  may  be  overlooked,  but  that  all  sections 
may  share  in  the  common  benefits  of  a  just  and  equitable 
tariff." 

FROM  PITTSBURG  TO  CLEVELAND. 

Mr.  Lincoln  and  party  left  Pittsburg  in  a  smart  shower, 
amid  enthusiastic  plaudits.  At  Bayard  a  large  crowd 
had  assembled,  notwithstanding  the  mud  and  rain.  Mr. 
Lincoln  bowed  in  response.  At  Alliance  an  elegant  din- 
ner was  given  by  Mr.  McCullough,  President  of  the  road. 
Salutes  were  fired,  smashing  windows,  including  the  one 
at  which  Mrs.  Lincoln  sat  during  dinner.  An  elegant 
company  of  Zouaves  stood  guard,  the  band  playing  na- 
tional airs.  The  train  also  stopped  at  Ravenna  and  Hud- 
sou  for  a  few  minutes,  which  places  were  alive  with  people. 

RECEPTION  AT  CLEVELAND. 

On  the  fifth  of  February,  resolutions  were  adopted  by 
the  council  of  the  city  of  Cleveland,  inviting  Mr.  Lincoln 
to  accept  its  hospitalities ;  and  a  committee  of  arrange- 
ments was  appointed,  which  consisted  of  the  Mayor,  G. 
B  Senter ;  the  President  of  Council,  I.  U.  Masters,  and 
the  following  named  members  of  the  Council :  C.  L. 
Russell,  W.  H.  Haywood,  and  O.  M.  Oviatt.  A  citizens' 
committee,  to  co-operate  with  that  of  the  Council,  was 
subsequently  appointed,  S.  J.  Andrews  being  the  chair- 
man, and  Merrill  Barlow  secretary.  Under  the  direction 


56  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

of  these  committees,  admirable  preparations  were  made 
for  the  reception. 

From  various  public  buildings  were  suspended  national 
flags.  The  Weddell,  Johnson,  and  other  public  houses, 
showed  their  colors.  The  City  Hall  building  was  deco- 
rated with  a  number  of  flags,  and  on  a  rope  between 
Hoffman's  Block  and  the  U.  S.  Post  Office  buildings  were 
several.  From  the  Herald  building  to  the  Weddell  House 
a  rope  was  extended  and  supported  seven  flags. 

The  railroads  from  the  south  and  west  brought  large 
numbers  of  visitors  to  the  city.  The  exceedingly  bad 
condition  of  the  roads  prevented  the  arrival  of  so  large  a 
number  from  the  country,  in  wagons,  as  would  otherwise 
have  been  present.  There  was,  however,  a  good  attend- 
ance of  strangers.  The  buildings,  affording  a  view  of 
the  route  of  the  procession,  were  crowded  by  spectators, 
and  immense  numbers  thronged  the  streets. 

Everything  being  in  readiness,  the  escort  proceeded  to 
the  Euclid  Street  Station  of  the  C.  &  P.  E.  E.,  to  await 
the  arrival  of  the  President's  train.  The  following  was 
the  order  of  the  procession  fixed  upon  by  the  Marshal : 

Cleveland  Eegiment  Light  Artillery,  Colonel  James 
Barnett,  consisting  of  the  following  companies :  Com- 
pany A,  Capt.  Simmons;  Company  B,  Capt.  Mack;  Com- 
pany D,  Capt.  Eice  ;  Company  E,  Capt.  Hechman. 

Cleveland  Light  Dragoons,  Capt.  Holtnorth. 

Cleveland  Greys,  Capt.  Paddock. 

City  Council,  in  carriages. 

The  President  elect  in  an  open  barouche. 

The  President's  suite  in  carriages. 

Citizens'  Committee  in  carriages. 

Firemen — Phoenix  No.  4  and  Firemen's  Board. 

Citizens  in  carriages,  manufacturing  establishments, 
and  various  representations  of  the  business  interests  of 
the  city. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  57 

In  the  latter  division  of  the  procession  was  a  full  rigged 
ship,  decorated  with  national  flags,  and  manned  by  stal- 
wart tars,  the  representatives  of  the  lake  shipping  in- 
terest. This  was  arranged  by  the  Council  committee. 

Two  large  omnibusses  were  filled  with  workmen  from 
the  Cuyahoga  Steam  Furnace  Works,  and  joined  in  the 
escort. 

The  members  of  Phoenix  Fire  Company  No.  4,  accom- 
panied by  representatives  of  the  Firemen's  General  Board, 
were  also  in  the  line  as  representatives  of  the  Fire  De- 
partment, their  machine  being  decorated  with  national 
colors. 

In  the  procession  of  citizens  were  men  of  all  shades  of 
political  feeling,  uniting  cordially  in  this  spontaneous 
manifestation  of  respect  for  the  President  elect  and  the 
high  office  to  which  he  had  been  called.  The  line  was 
very  long,  and  contained  every  ordinary  manner  of  con- 
veyance. 

The  crowd  at  the  station  was  immense,  and  it  was  with 
difficulty  that  the  police  of  Marshal  Craw  could  restrain 
the  surging  populace.  The  Greys  occupied  the  east  plat- 
form, and  the  artillery,  firemen,  carriages,  etc.,  were  ar- 
ranged on  the  west  side.  At  4  o'clock  the  approach  of 
the  train  was  announced  by  the  guns  of  the  artillery,  in 
accordance  with  telegraphic  advices.  Mr.  Lincoln  was 
quickly  passed  to  a  carriage  drawn  by  four  white  horses, 
driven  by  Mr.  H.  Nottingham.  The  crowd  cheered  and 
shouted  in  the  wildest  enthusiasm,  and  the  procession 
started.  In  spite  of  the  inclement  weather,  Euclid  street 
from  end  to  end  was  crowded.  The  people  along  the  line 
were  wild,  and  rushed  recklessly  to  and  fro  in  endeavors 
to  obtain  a  glimpse  of  the  President.  The  reception  was 
at  the  Weddell  House.  The  balcony  was  hung  with 
4 


58  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

colored  lanterns.  It  was  half  past  five  o'clock  when  Mr. 
Lincoln  was  brought  out  to  face  the  dense  crowd  that 
filled  the  street.  Mr.  I.  U.  Masters,  President  of  the 
Council,  welcomed  the  President  elect  : 

"  HONORED  SIR  : — The  pleasant  duty  devolves  upon  me 
to  extend  to  you,  in  behalf  of  the  citizens  of  Cleveland, 
through  their  municipal  representatives,  a  cordial  wel- 
come to  this  city  and  community.  In  extending  this 
welcome,  I  am  but  speaking  the  voice  of  our  men  of 
business;  our  mechanics,  whose  representatives  are 
around  me ;  of  farmers,  who  have  largely  gathered  here ; 
of  men  of  all  trades,  avocations,  professions  and  parties, 
who  merge  all  distinction  in  that  name  common  to  them 
all,  of  highest  distinction  to  them  all,  and  best  beloved 
by  them  all — American  citizens.  They  bid  me  welcome 
you  as  the  official  representative  of  their  country,  chosen 
in  accordance  with  the  Constitution  which  they  venerate 
with  love.  They  bid  me  express  to  you  their  uncondi- 
tional loyalty  to  the  Constitution  and  country,  which 
their  fathers  transmitted  to  them,  and  which  they  fer- 
vently hope  may,  by  the  blessing  of  God,  be  transmitted 
unimpaired  to  their  children  and  their  children's  children. 
Again  I  bid  you  a  hearty  welcome." 

Hon.  Sherlock  J.  Andrews  then,  on  behalf  of  the 
Citizens'  Committee,  spoke  as  follows : 

"  MR.  LINCOLN — Sir :  I  have  the  honor,  on  behalf  of 
the  citizens  of  Cleveland,  to  repeat  the  welcome  you  have 
already  received  through  the  official  organ  of  the  city, 
and  to  express  the  great  satisfaction  that  we  all  derive 
from  this  personal  interview.  We  come  to-day,  sir,  for- 
getful of  party  distinctions,  and  as  citizens  of  a  common 
country,  to  tender  you  the  homage  of  our  sincere  respect, 
both  for  your  personal  character  and  for  the  high  station 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  59 

to  which  you  have  been  called  by  the  popular  will ;  and, 
though  unexampled  difficulties  and  embarrassments  stand 
upon  the  threshold  of  your  administration,  we  still  cher- 
ish the  hope  that,  by  the  blessing  of  Divine  Providence, 
you  may  be  enabled  so  to  execute  the  great  trust  confided 
to  you  as  to  allay  excitement,  correct  misapprehension, 
restore  harmony,  and  reinstate  this  glorious  Union  of 
ours  in  the  affections  and  confidence  of  the  whole  people. 
It  is  true,  indeed,  that  in  the  late  peaceful  contest  for  the 
Chief  Magistracy,  we  have  acted  under  various  political 
organizations,  and  have  differed  as  to  men  and  measures. 
Yet,  sir,  in  every  enlightened  effort  to  support  the  pre- 
rogatives and  honor  of  the  General  Government,  in 
every  determination  to  uphold  the  supremacy  of  law, 
in  every  measure  wisely  designed  to  maintain  unimpaired 
the  constitutional  rights  of  all  the  States  or  of  any  of  the 
States,  and  every  concession  consistent  with  truth  and 
justice,  that  looks  to  the  promotion  of  peace  and  con- 
cord, there  is  not  a  man  in  the  vast  multitude  here  as- 
sembled to  do  you  honor,  who  will  not  give  you  his 
cordial  and  earnest  support.  Such,  I  am  persuaded,  sir, 
are  the  views  of  those  I  represent,  and  to  whom,  for  any 
further  expression  of  their  sentiments,  I  shall  now  refer 
you. 

"  Fellow  citizens,  I  have  the  honor  of  introducing  to 
you  the  Hon.  Abraham  Lincoln,  the  President  elect  of 
the  United  States." 

In  response,  Mr.  Lincoln  said : 

"  MR.  CHAIRMAN  AND  FELLOW  CITIZENS  OF  CLEVE- 
LAND AND  OHIO  : — We  have  had  a  very  inclement  after- 
noon. We  have  been  marching  in  procession  for  about 
two  miles  through  snow,  rain  and  deep  mud.  The  large 
numbers  that  have  turned  out  under  these  circuni stances 


60  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

testify  that  you  are  in  earnest  about  something  or  other. 
But  do  I  think  so  meanly  of  you  as  to  suppose  that  ear- 
nestness is  about  me  personally  1  I  should  be  doing  you 
injustice  to  suppose  you  did.  [A  voice,  "  We  all  love 
you."]  You  have  assembled  to  testify  your  respect  to 
the  Union,  the  Constitution  and  the  Laws.  And  here  let 
me  say  that  it  is  with  you,  the  people,  to  advocate  the 
great  cause  of  the  Union  and  the  Constitution,  and  not 
with  any  one  man.  I  repeat,  it  rests  with  you  alone. 
This  fact  is  strongly  impressed  on  my  mind  at  present. 
In  a  community  like  this,  whose  appearance — as  I  may 
say  whose  very  clothes — whose  well  built  houses,  whose 
numerous  schools,  and  all  other  evidences  before  me, 
testify  to  their  intelligence,  I  am  convinced  that  the  cause 
of  Liberty  and  the  Union  can  never  be  in  danger. 

"  Frequent  allusion  is  made  to  the  excitement  at  pres- 
ent existing  in  our  national  politics.  It  is  well  that  I 
should  also  allude  to  it  here.  I  think  there  is  no  occa- 
sion for  any  excitement.  The  crisis,  as  it  is  called,  is 
altogether  an  artificial  crisis.  In  all  parts  of  the  nation 
there  are  differences  of  opinion  on  politics.  There  are 
differences  of  opinion  even  here.  You  did  not  all  vote 
for  the  person  who  now  addresses  you.  A  large  number 
of  you  did — enough  for  all  practical  purposes — but  not 
all  of  you.  Farther  away  there  were  fewer  who  voted 
for  me,  and  their  numbers  decreased  as  they  got  farther 
away.  What  is  happening  now  will  not  hurt  those  who 
are  farther  away  from  here.  Have  they  not  all  the  rights 
now  that  they  ever  had  1  Do  they  not  have  their  fugi- 
tive slaves  returned  as  ever  1  Have  they  not  the  same 
Constitution  that  they  have  lived  under  for  the  last  sev- 
enty odd  years  1  Have  they  not  a  position  as  citizens  of 
this  common  country,  and  have  we  any  power  to  change 
that  position  'I  What,  then,  is  the  matter  with  them  ? 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  61 

Why  all  this  excitement1?  Why  all  these  complaints'? 
As  I  said  before,  this  crisis  is  all  artificial.  It  has  no 
foundation  in  facts.  It  was  not  argued  up,  as  the  saying 
is,  and  cannot  therefore  be  argued  down.  Let  it  alone, 
and  it  will  go  down  of  itself. 

"  Mr.  Lincoln  said  they  must  be  content  with  but  a  few 
words  from  him.  He  was  very  much  fatigued,  and  had 
spoken  so  frequently  that  he  was  already  hoarse.  He 
thanked  them  for  the  cordial,  the  magnificent  reception 
they  had  given  him.  Not  less  did  he  thank  them  for  the 
votes  they  gave  him  last  fall.  And  quite  as  much  he 
thanked  them  for  the  efficient  aid  they  had  given  the 
cause  which  he  represented — a  cause  which,  he  would 
say,  was  a  good  one.  He  had  one  word  more  to  say. 
He  was  given  to  understand  that  this  reception  was 
tendered  not  only  by  his  own  party  supporters,  but  by 
men  of  all  parties.  This  is  as  it  should  be.  If  Judge 
Douglas  had  been  elected,  and.had  been  here  on  his  way 
to  Washington,  as  I  am  to-night,  the  Eepublicans  should 
have  joined  his  supporters  in  welcoming  him,  just  as  his 
friends  have  joined  with  mine  to-night.  If  all  don't  join 
now  to  save  the  good  old  ship  of  the  Union  this  voyage, 
nobody  will  have  a  chance  to  pilot  her  on  another  voyage." 

He  concluded  by  thanking  all  present  for  the  devotion 
they  had  shown  to  the  cause  of  the  Union.  A  number 
of  boquets  and  wreaths  were  given  to  Mr.  Lincoln  at  the 
close  of  his  speech. 

In  the  evening  there  was  a  general  reception  at  the 
Weddell  House,  which  was  crowded  to  excess.  Mr.  Lin- 
coln stood  at  the  head  of  the  stairs,  and  greeted  the  visit- 
ors as  they  passed  by  him.  This  ceremony  soon  became 
too  fatiguing,  however,  and  Mr.  Lincoln  was  removed  to 
a  parlor  in  the  front  of  the  house  where  he  joined  Mrs. 
Lincoln,  and  where  for  an  hour  or  more  they  received  their 


62  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

friends.  Hon.  John  Crowell,  who  was  in  Congress  with 
Mr.  Lincoln,  and  Col.  Mygatt,  aid  to  Gov.  Dennison, 
introduced  the  visitors.  Many  ladies  patiently  endured 
the  crushing  pressure  of  the  dense  crowd.  After  the 
general  reception  a  number  of  soldiers  of  the  war  of  1812 
waited  upon  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  were  cordially  received. 
Col.  Sturgis'  staff  and  the  officers  of  the  Cleveland  Wide 
Awake  regiment  were  afterward  presented.  The  Cleve- 
land Greys,  who  were  on  duty  in  the  house  during  the 
evening,  were  introduced,  and  also  the  officers  of  the 
Light  Artillery  regiment.  The  President  elect  was  now 
very  much  fatigued,  and  retired  to  his  room  for  the 
night. 

Large  numbers  of  people  were  early  astir  the  following 
morning,  to  obtain  a  parting  glimpse  of  the  President 
and  party.  This  was  all  that  could  be  afforded,  the  early 
departure  of  the  train  precluding  anything  like  a  demon 
stration.  The  escort  from  the  hotel  to  the  station  con- 
sisted of  Col.  James  Barnett  and  staff  and  the  Cleveland 
Greys.  The  President  was  conducted  to  his  carriage 
amid  the  cheers  of  the  people,  and  the  procession  com- 
menced its  march.  The  route  was  down  Superior  street, 
Union  lane  and  Eiver  street  to  the  depot.  Here  the  Greys 
were  drawn  up  on  the  platform  to  keep  a  space  clear  for 
the  Presidential  party.  Mr.  Lincoln  occupied  the  rear 
car,  upon  which  was  a  national  flag.  The  engine  selected 
for  the  special  train  was  the  "William  Case."  It  was 
decorated  with  flags,  and  superintendent  Nottingham 
took  charge  of  the  train  as  conductor.  The  reception 
committee  from  Erie  and  Buffalo  were  on  the  train,  and 
occupied  one  of  the  three  cars.  Various  representatives 
of  the  press  and  invited  guests  filled  the  third  car. 

As  the  train  moved  out  of  the  depot,  Mr.  Lincoln  came 
upon  the  platform  of  the  rear  car  bowing  his  acknowledg- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  63 

ments  to  the  people,  as  cheer  after  cheer  went  up  from 
the  enthusiastic  multitude.  Several  men  clung  to  the 
end  of  the  car  where  Mr.  Lincoln  stood,  following  it  as 
long  as  the  increasing  speed  of  the  train  would  permit, 
and  stretching  up  their  hands  to  the  President  elect.  Mr. 
Lincoln  reached  out  his  hand  to  take  that  of  one  of  these 
followers  on  foot,  when  it  was  seized  by  three  or  four  and 
shaken  with  at  least  hearty  good  will.  After  that  the 
crowd  was  forced  to  be  content  with  farewell  bows. 

In  concluding  an  account  of  the  reception  at  Cleveland, 
the  editor  of  the  Herald  said — 

"  Among  the  escorting  party  from  Columbus  were  Cols. 
Geo.  S.  Mygatt  and  Geo.  F.  O'Hara,  aids  to  Gov.  Den- 
nison,  the  Governor  having  deputed  these  gentlemen  to 
accompany  Mr.  Lincoln,  charging  them  with  the  duty  of 
attending  him  through  Ohio.  This  action  of  the  Governor 
was  an  appropriate  hospitality  to  the  distinguished  visitor, 
and  his  aids  handsomely  executed  their  duty." 

BUFFALO. 

On  Saturday  Mr.  Lincoln  was  escorted  to  Buffalo.  At 
various  places  along  the  line  of  the  railroad,  both  in  Ohio 
and  in  New  York,  enthusiastic  welcomes  were  given  him, 
but  no  addresses  were  made,  nor  did  any  incidents  trans- 
pire which  are  entitled  to  special  report.  The  train 
arrived  at  Buffalo  late  in  the  afternoon,  and  was  met  by 
an  immense  concourse  of  citizens,  headed  by  ex-President 
Fillmore. 

Arriving  at  the  hotel,  Mr.  Lincoln  was  welcomed  in  a 
brief  speech  by  the  acting  chief  magistrate,  to  which  he 
madb  reply  as  follows  : 

"MR.  MAYOR  AND  FELLOW-CITIZENS  : — I  am  here  to 
thank  you  briefly  for  this  grand  reception  given  to  me, 
not  personally,  but  as  the  representative  of  our  great  and 


64  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

beloved  country.  Your  worthy  mayor  has  been  pleased 
to  mention  in  his  address  to  me,  the  fortunate  and  agree- 
able journey  which  I  have  had  from  home — only  it  is 
rather  a  circuitous  route  to  the  Federal  Capital.  I  am 
very  happy  that  he  was  enabled,  in  truth,  to  congratu- 
late myself  and  company  on  that  fact.  It  is  true,  we 
have  had  nothing  thus  far  to  mar  the  pleasure  of  the  trip. 
We  have  not  been  met  alone  by  those  who  assisted  in 
giving  the  election  to  me ;  I  say  not  alone,  but  by  the 
whole  population  of  the  country  through  which  we  have 
passed.  This  is  as  it  should  be.  Had  the  election  fallen 
to  any  other  of  the  distinguished  candidates  instead  of 
myself,  under  the  peculiar  circumstances,  to  say  the  least, 
it  would  have  been  proper  for  all  citizens  to  have  greeted 
him  as  you  now  greet  me.  It  is  an  evidence  of  the  devo- 
tion of  the  whole  people  to  the  Constitution,  the  Union, 
and  the  perpetuity  of  the  liberties  of  this  country.  I  am 
unwilling,  on  any  occasion,  that  I  should  be  so  meanly 
thought  of  as  to  have  it  supposed  for  a  moment  that 
these  demonstrations  are  tendered  to  me  personally. 
They  are  tendered  to  the  country,  to  the  institutions  of 
the  country,  and  to  the  perpetuity  of  the  liberties  of  the 
country  for  which  these  institutions  were  made  and 
created.  Your  worthy  mayor  has  thought  fit  to  express 
the  hope  that  I  may  be  able  to  relieve  the  country  from 
the  present,  or  I  should  say,  the  threatened  difficulties. 
I  am  sure  I  bring  a  heart  true  to  the  work.  For  the 
ability  to  perform  it,  I  trust  in  that  Supreme  Being  who 
has  never  forsaken  this  favored  land,  through  the  instru- 
mentality of  this  great  and  intelligent  people.  Without 
that  assistance  I  should  surely  fail ;  with  it  I  cannot  fail. 
When  we  speak  of  the  threatened  difficulties  to  the  coun- 
try, it  is  natural  that  it  should  be  expected  that  some- 
thing should  be  said  by  myself  with  regard  to  particular 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  C5 

measures.  Upon  more  mature  reflection,  however — and 
others  will  agree  with  me — that  when  it  is  considered 
that  these  difficulties  are  without  precedent,  and  never 
have  been  acted  upon  by  any  individual  situated  as  I  am, 
it  is  most  proper  I  should  wait  and  see  the  developments, 
and  get  all  the  light  possible,  so  that  when  I  do  speak 
authoritatively,  I  may  be  as  near  right  as  possible.  When 
I  shall  speak  authoritatively,  I  hope  to  say  nothing  incon- 
sistent with  the  Constitution,  the  Union,  the  rights  of  all 
the  States,  of  each  State,  and  of  each  section  of  the  coun- 
try, and  not  to  disappoint  the  reasonable  expectations  of 
those  who  have  confided  to  me  their  votes.  In  this  con- 
nection allow  me  to  say  that  you,  as  a  portion  of  the  great 
American  people,  need  only  to  maintain  your  composure, 
stand  up  to  your  sober  convictions  of  right,  to  your  obli- 
gations to  the  Constitution,  and  act  in  accordance  with 
those  sober  convictions,  and  the  clouds  which  now  arise 
in  the  horizon  will  be  dispelled,  and  we  shall  have  a  bright 
and  glorious  future ;  and  when  this  generation  shall  have 
passed  away,  tens  of  thousands  shall  inhabit  this  country 
where  only  thousands  inhabit  it  now.  I  do  not  propose 
to  address  you  at  length.  I  have  no  voice  for  it.  Allow 
me  again  to  thank  you  for  this  magnificent  reception,  and 
bid  you  farewell." 

ALBANY. 

Mr.  Lincoln  proceeded  from  Buffalo  to  Albany,  various 
demonstrations  of  welcome  being  given  him  on  the  way. 
At  Albany  he  was  met  by  the  Mayor,  the  City  Councils, 
and  Legislative  Committees,  and  was  conducted  to  the 
Capitol,  where  he  was  welcomed  by  Governor  Morgan, 
and  responded  as  follows : 

"  GOVERNOR  MORGAN  : — I  was  pleased  to  receive  an 
invitation  to  visit  the  capital  of  the  great  Empire  State 


66  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

of  this  nation,  while  on  my  way  to  the  Federal  capital. 
I  now  thank  you,  and  through  you,  the  people  of  the  capi- 
tal of  the  State  of  New  York,  for  this  most  hearty  and  mag- 
nificent welcome.  If  I  am  not  at  fault,  the  great  Empire 
State  at  this  time  contains  a  larger  population  than  did  the 
whole  of  the  United  States  of  America  at  the  time  they 
achieved  their  national  independence ;  and  I  was  proud 
to  be  invited  to  visit  its  capital,  to  meet  its  citizens  as  I 
now  have  the  honor  to  do.  I  am  notified  by  your  gov- 
ernor that  this  reception  is  tendered  by  citizens  without 
distinction  of  party.  Because  of  this,  I  accept  it  the 
more  gladly.  In  this  country,  and  in  any  country  where 
freedom  of  thought  is  tolerated,  citizens  attach  them- 
selves to  political  parties.  It  is  but  an  ordinary  degree 
of  charity  to  attribute  this  act  to  the  supposition  that,  in 
thus  attaching  themselves  to  the  various  parties,  each 
man,  in  his  own  judgment,  supposes  he  thereby  best  ad- 
vances the  interests  of  the  whole  country.  And  when  an 
election  is  passed,  it  is  altogether  befitting  a  free  people 
that,  until  the  next  election,  they  should  be  one  people. 
The  reception  you  have  extended  to  me  to-day  is  not 
given  to  me  personally.  It  should  not  be  so,  but  as  the 
representative,  for  the  time  being,  of  the  majority  of  the 
nation.  If  the  election  had  fallen  to  any  of  the  more 
distinguished  citizens,  who  received  the  support  of  the 
people,  this  same  honor  should  have  greeted  him  that 
greets  me  this  day,  in  testimony  of  the  unanimous  devo- 
tion of  the  whole  people  to  the  Constitution,  the  Union, 
and  to  the  perpetual  liberties  of  succeeding  generations 
in  this  country.  I  have  neither  the  voice  nor  the  strength 
to  address  you  at  any  greater  length.  I  beg  you  will, 
therefore,  accept  my  most  grateful  thanks  for  this  mani- 
fest devotion — not  to  me  but  to  the  institutions  of  this 
great  and  glorious  country." 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  07 

The  President  elect  was  then  conducted  to  the  Legisla- 
tive halls,  where,  in  reply  to  an  address  of  welcome,  he 
again  adverted  to  the  troubles  of  the  country  in  the  fol- 
lowing terms  : 

"MR.  PRESIDENT  AND  GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  LEGIS- 
LATURE OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  YORK: — It  is  with 
feelings  of  great  diffidence,  and,  I  may  say,  feelings  even 
of  awe,  perhaps  greater  than  I  have  recently  experienced, 
that  I  meet  you  here  in  this  place.  The  history  of  this 
great  State,  the  renown  of  its  great  men,  who  have  stood 
in  this  chamber,  and  have  spoken  their  thoughts,  all 
crowd  around  my  fancy,  and  incline  me  to  shrink  from 
an  attempt  to  address  you.  Yet  I  have  some  confidence 
given  me  by  the  generous  manner  in  which  you  have  in- 
vited rae,  and  the  still  more  generous  manner  in  which 
you  have  received  me.  You  have  invited  me  and  received 
ine  without  distinction  of  party.  I  could  not  for  a  mo- 
ment suppose  that  this  has  been  done  in  any  considerable 
degree  with  any  reference  to  my  personal  self.  It  is  very 
much  more  grateful  to  me  that  this  reception  and  the  in- 
vitation preceding  it  were  given  to  me  as  the  representa- 
tive of  a  free  people  than  it  could  possibly  have  been 
were  they  but  the  evidence  of  devotion  to  me  or  to  any 
one  man.  It  is  true  that,  while  I  hold  myself,  without 
mock-modesty,  the  humblest  of  all  the  individuals  wlio 
have  ever  been  elected  President  of  the  United  States,  I 
yet  have  a  more  difficult  task  to  periorm  than  any  one  of 
them  has  ever  encountered.  You  have  here  generously 
tendered  me  the  support,  the  united  support,  of  the  great 
Empire  State.  For  this,  in  behalf  of  the  nation — in  be- 
half of  the  present  and  of  the  future  of  the  nation — in 
behalf  of  the  cause  of  civil  liberty  in  all  time  to  come — 
I  most  gratefully  thank  you.  I  do  not  propose  now  to 


68  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

enter  upon  any  expressions  as  to  the  particular  line  of 
policy  to  be  adopted  with  reference  to  the  difficulties  that 
stand  before  us  in  the  opening  of  the  incoming  Adminis- 
tration. I  deem  that  it  is  just  to  the  country,  to  myself, 
to  you,  that  I  should  see  everything,  hear  everything, 
and  have  every  light  that  can  possibly  be  brought  within 
my  reach  to  aid  me  before  I  shall  speak  officially,  in  order 
that,  when  I  do  speak,  I  may  have  the  best  possible 
means  of  taking  correct  and  true  grounds.  For  this 
reason,  I  do  not  now  announce  anything  in  the  way  of 
policy  for  the  new  Administration.  When  the  time 
comes,  according  to  the  custom  of  the  government,  I 
shall  speak,  and  speak  as  well  as  I  am  able  for  the  good 
of  the  present  and  of  the  future  of  this  country — for  the 
good  of  the  North  and  of  the  South — for  the  good  of  one 
and  of  the  other,  and  of  all  sections  of  it.  In  the  mean- 
time, if  we  have  patience,  if  we  maintain  our  equanimity, 
though  some  may  allow  themselves  to  run  off  in  a  burst 
of  passion,  I  still  have  confidence  that  the  Almighty 
Ruler  of  the  Universe,  through  the  instrumentality  of 
this  great  and  intelligent  people,  can  and  will  bring  us 
through  this  difficulty,  as  he  has  heretofore  brought  us 
through  all  preceding  difficulties  of  the  country.  Rely- 
ing upon  this,  and  again  thanking  you,  as  I  forever  shall, 
in  my  heart,  for  this  generous  reception  you  have  given 
me,  I  bid  you  farewell." 

ALBANY  TO  NEW  YORK. 

At  Albany,  Mr.  Lincoln  was  met  by  a  delegation  from 
the  city  authorities  of  New  York,  and  on  the  19th  started 
for  that  city.  At  Poughkeepsie,  he  was  welcomed  by 

the  Mayor  of  the  city.    Mr.  Lincoln,  in  reply,  said: 

-3Cioe  £5}  '?;-vr  It,--. 

"I  am  grateful  for  this  cordial  welcome,  and  I  am 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  69 

gratified  that  this  immense  multitude  has  come  together, 
not  to  meet  the  individual  man,  but  the  man  who,  for  the 
time  being,  will  humbly  but  earnestly  represent  the 
majesty  of  the  nation.  These  receptions  have  been  given 
me  at  other  places,  and,  as  here,  by  men  of  different  par- 
ties, and  not  by  one  party  alone.  It  shows  an  earnest 
effort  on  the  part  of  all  to  save,  not  the  country,  for  the 
country  can  save  itself,  but  to  save  the  institutions  of  the 
country — those  institutions  under  which,  for  at  least 
three-quarters  of  a  century,  we  have  become  the  greatest, 
the  most  intelligent,  and  the  happiest  people  in  the  world. 
These  manifestations  show  that  we  all  make  common 
cause  for  these  objects ;  that  if  some  of  us  are  successful 
in  an  election,  and  others  are  beaten,  those  who  are 
beaten  are  not  in  favor  of  sinking  the  ship  in  consequence 
of  defeat,  but  are  earnest  in  their  purpose  to  sail  it  safely 
through  the  voyage  in  hand,  and,  in  so  far  as  they  may 
think  there  has  been  any  mistake  in  the  election,  satisfy- 
ing themselves  to  take  their  chance  at  setting  the  matter 
right  the  next  time.  That  course  is  entirely  right.  I  am 
not  sure — I  do  not  pretend  to  be  sure — that  in  the  selec- 
tion of  the  individual  who  has  been  elected  this  term, 
the  wisest  choice  has  been  made.  I  fear  it  has  not.  In 
the  purposes  and  in  the  principles  that  have  been  sus- 
tained, I  have  been  the  instrument  selected  to  carry  for- 
ward the  affairs  of  this  Government.  I  can  rely  upon 
you,  and  upon  the  people  of  the  country ;  and  with  their 
sustaining  hand,  I  think  that  even  I  shall  not  fail  in  car- 
rying the  Ship  of  State  through  the  storm." 

NEW  YORK  CITY. 

The  reception  of  Mr.  Lincoln  in  New  York  city  was  a 
most  imposing  demonstration.  Places  of  business  were 
generally  closed,  and  hundreds  of  thousands  were  in  the 


70  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

streets.    On  the  next  day  he  was  welcomed  to  the  city 
by  Mayor  F.  Wood,  and  replied  as  follows : 

"  MB.  MAYOR  : — It  is  with  feelings  of  deep  gratitude 
that  I  make  my  acknowledgments  for  the  reception  given 
me  in  the  great  commercial  city  of  New  York.  I  cannot 
but  remember  that  this  is  done  by  a  people  who  do  not, 
by  a  majority,  agree  with  me  in  political  sentiment.  It 
is  the  more  grateful,  because  in  this  I  see  that,  for  the 
great  principles  of  our  Government,  the  people  are  almost 
unanimous.  In  regard  to  the  difficulties  that  confront  us 
at  this  time,  and  of  which  your  Honor  has  thought  fit  to 
speak  so  becomingly  and  so  justly,  as  I  suppose,  I  can 
only  say  that  I  agree  in  the  sentiments  expressed.  In 
my  devotion  to  the  Union,  I  hope  I  am  behind  no  man  in 
the  nation.  In  the  wisdom  with  which  to  conduct  the 
affairs  tending  to  the  preservation  of  the  Union,  I  fear 
that  too  great  confidence  may  have  been  reposed  in  me ; 
but  I  am  sure  that  I  bring  a  heart  devoted  to  the  work. 
There  is  nothing  that  could  ever  bring  me  to  willingly 
consent  to  the  destruction  of  this  Union,  under  which 
not  only  the  great  commercial  city  of  New  York,  but  the 
whole  country,  acquired  its  greatness,  except  it  be  the 
purpose  for  which  the  Union  itself  was  formed.  I  under- 
stand the  ship  to  be  made  for  the  carrying  and  the  pres- 
ervation of  the  cargo,  and  so  long  as  the  ship  can  be 
saved  with  the  cargo,  it  should  never  be  abandoned,  un- 
less there  appears  no  possibility  of  its  preservation,  and 
it  must  cease  to  exist,  except  at  the  risk  of  throwing 
overboard  both  freight  and  passengers.  So  long,  then, 
as  it  is  possible  that  the  prosperity  and  the  liberties  of 
the  people  be  preserved  in  this  Union,  it  shall  be  my  pur 
pose  at  all  times  to  use  all  my  powers  to  aid  in  its  per- 
petuation. Again  thanking  you  for  the  reception  given 
me,  allow  me  to  come  to  a  close." 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  71 

TRENTON. 

On  the  following  day,  Mr.  Lincoln  left  for  Philadelphia. 
At  Trenton  he  remained  a  few  hours,  and  visited  both 
Houses  of  the  Few  Jersey  Legislature.  On  being  receiv= 
ed  in  the  Senate,  he  thus  addressed  that  body : 

"  MR.  PRESIDENT,  AND  GENTLEMEN  OF  THE  SENATE 
OF  THE  STATE  OF  NEW  JERSEY  : — I  am  very  grateful  to 
you  for  the  honorable  reception  of  which  I  have  been  the 
object.  I  cannot  but  remember  the  place  that  New  Jer- 
sey holds  in  our  early  history.  In  the  early  Kevolution- 
ary  struggle,  few  of  the  States  among  the  old  Thirteen 
had  more  of  the  battle-fields  of  the  country  within  its 
limits  than  old  New  Jersey.  May  I  be  pardoned,  if,  upon 
this  occasion,  I  mention,  that  away  back  in  my  childhood, 
the  earliest  days  of  my  being  able  to  read,  I  got  hold  of 
a  small  book,  such  a  one  as  few  of  the  younger  members 
have  ever  seen,  '  Weems'  Life  of  Washington.'  I  remem- 
ber all  the  accounts  there  given  of  the  battle-fields  and 
struggles  for  the  liberties  of  the  country,  and  none  fixed 
themselves  upon  my  imagination  so  deeply  as  the  strug- 
gle here  at  Trenton,  New  Jersey.  The  crossing  of  the 
river — the  contest  with  the  Hessians — the  great  hard- 
ships endured  at  that  time — all  fixed  themselves  on  my 
memory  more  than  any  single  revolutionary  event ;  and 
you  all  know,  for  you  have  all  been  boys,  how  these  early 
impressions  last  longer  than  any  others.  I  reeollect 
thinking  then,  boy  even  though  I  was,  that  there  must 
h  ave  been  something  more  than  common  that  those  men 
struggled  for.  I  am  exceedingly  anxious  that  that  thing 
which  they  struggled  for — that  something  even  more 
than  National  Independence — that  something  that  held 
out  a  great  promise  to  all  the  people  of  the  world  to  all 
time  to  come — I  am  exceedingly  anxious  that  this  Union, 


72 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 


the  Constitution,  and  the  liberties  of  the  people,  shall  be 
perpetuated  in  accordance  with  the  original  idea  for 
-which  that  struggle  was  made,  and  I  shall  be  most  happy 
indeed  if  I  shall  be  an  humble  instrument  in  the  hands 
of  the  Almighty,  and  of  this,  His  almost  chosen  people, 
for  perpetuating  the  object  of  that  great  struggle.  You 
give  me  this  reception,  as  I  understand,  without  distinc- 
tion of  party.  I  learn  that  this  body  is  composed  of  a 
majority  of  gentlemen  who,  in  the  exercise  of  their  best 
judgment  in  the  choice  of  a  Chief  Magistrate,  did  not 
think  I  was  the  man.  I  understand,  nevertheless,  that 
they  come  forward  here  to  greet  me  as  the  constitutional 
President  of  the  United  States — as  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  to  meet  the  man  who,  for  the  time  being,  is  the 
representative  man  of  the  nation,  united  by  a  purpose  to 
perpetuate  the  Union  and  liberties  of  the  people.  As 
such,  I  accept  this  reception  more  gratefully  than  I  could 
do  did  I  believe  it  was  tendered  to  me  as  an  individual." 

Mr.  Lincoln  then  passed  into  the  Chamber  of  the  As- 
.sembly,  and  upon  being  introduced  by  the  Speaker, 
addressed  that  body  as  follows : 

"  MB.  SPEAKER  AND  GENTLEMEN: — I  have  just  enjoy- 
ed the  honor  of  a  reception  by  the  other  branch  of  this 
Legislature,  and  I  return  to  you  and  them  my  thanks  for 
the  reception  which  the  people  of  New  Jersey  have  given, 
through  their  chosen  representatives,  to  me,  as  the  repre- 
sentative for  the  time  being,  of  the  majesty  of  the  people 
of  the  United  States.  I  appropriate  to  myself  very  little 
of  the  demonstrations  of  respect  with  which  I  have  been 
greeted.  I  think  little  should  be  given  to  any  man,  but 
that  it  should  be  a  manifestation  of  adherence  to  the 
Union  and  the  Constitution.  I  understand  myself  to  be 
received  here  by  the  representatives  of  the  people  of  New 
Jersey,  a  majority  of  whom  differ  in  opinion  from  those 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  73 

with  whom  I  have  acted.  This  manifestation  is  therefore 
to  be  regarded  by  me  as  expressing.their  devotion  to  the 
Union,  the  Constitution,  and  the  liberties  of  the  people. 
You,  Mr.  Speaker,  have  well  said,  that  this  is  a  time  when 
the  bravest  and  wisest  look  with  doubt  and  awe  upon  the 
aspect  presented  by  our  national  affairs.  Under  these 
circumstances,  you  will  readily  see  why  I  should  not 
speak  in  detail  of  the  course  I  shall  deem  it  best  to  pur- 
sue. It  is  proper  that  I  should  avail  myself  of  all  the 
information  and  all  the  time  at  my  command,  in  order 
that  when  the  time  arrives  in  which  I  must  speak  offi- 
cially, I  shall  be  able  to  take  the  ground  which  I  deem 
the  best  and  safest,  and  from  which  I  may  have  no  occa- 
sion to  swerve.  I  shall  endeavor  to  take  the  ground  I 
deem  most  just  to  the  Korth,  the  East,  the  West,  the 
South,  and  the  whole  country.  I  take  it,  I  hope,  in  good 
temper — certainly  with  no  malice  towards  any  section.  I 
shall  do  all  that  may  be  in  my  power  to  promote  a  peace- 
ful settlement  of  all  our  difficulties.  The  man  does  not 
live  who  is  more  devoted  to  peace  than  I  am — none  who 
would  do  more  to  preserve  it.  But  it  may  be  necessary 
to  put  the  foot  down  firmly.  And  if  I  do  my  duty,  and 
do  right,  you  will  sustain  me,  will  you  not  1  Received, 
as  I  am,  by  the  members  of  a  Legislature,  the  majority  of 
whom  do  not  agree  with  me  in  political  sentiments,  I  trust 
that  I  may  have  their  assistance  in  piloting  the  Ship  of 
State  through  this  voyage,  surounded  by  perils  as  it  is  ; 
for  if  it  should  suffer  shipwreck  now,  there  will  be  no 
pilot  ever  needed  for  another  voyage." 

PHILADELPHIA. 

On  arriving  in  Philadelphia,  Mr.  Lincoln  was  received 
with  great  enthusiasm,  and  the  Mayor  greeted  him  with 
a  cordial  welcome,  to  which  Mr.  Lincoln  replied : 
4* 


74  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

"  MR.  MAYOR  AND  FELLOW-CITIZENS  OP  PHILADEL- 
PHIA : — I  appear  before  you  to  make  no  lengthy  speech 
but  to  thank  you  for  this  reception.  The  reception  you 
have  given  me  to-night  is  not  to  me,  the  man,  the  in- 
dividual, but  to  the  man  who  temporarily  represents,  or 
should  represent,  the  majesty  of  the  nation.  It  is  true,  as 
your  worthy  Mayor  has  said,  that  there  is  anxiety  among 
the  citizens  of  the  United  States  at  this  time.  I  deem  it 
a  happy  circumstance  that  the  dissatisfied  portion  of  our 
fellow-citizens  do  not  point  us  to  any  thing  in  which  they 
are  being  injured,  or  are  about  to  be  injured ;  for  which 
reason  I  have  felt  all  the  while  justified  in  concluding 
that  the  crisis,  the  panic,  the  anxiety  of  the  country  at 
this  time,  is  artificial.  If  there  be  those  who  differ  with 
me  upon  this  subject,  they  have  not  pointed  out  the  sub- 
stantial difficulty  that  exists.  I  do  not  mean  to  say  that 
an  artificial  panic  may  not  do  considerable  harm ;  that  it 
has  done  such  I  do  not  deny.  The  hope  that  has  been 
expressed  by  your  Mayor,  that  I  may  be  able  to  restore 
peace,  harmony,  and  prosperity  to  the  country,  is  most 
worthy  of  him  ;  and  happy  indeed  will  I  be  if  I  shall  be 
able  to  verify  and  fulfill  that  hope.  I  promise  you,  in  all 
sincerity,  that  I  bring  to  the  work  a  sincere  heart. 
Whether  I  will  bring  a  head  equal  to  that  heart,  will  be 
for  future  times  to  determine.  It  were  useless  for  me  to 
speak  of  details  of  plans  now ;  I  shall  speak  officially  next 
Monday  week,  if  ever.  If  I  should  not  speak  then,  it 
were  useless  for  me  to  do  so  now.  If  I  do  speak  then,  it 
is  useles  for  me  to  do  so  now.  When  I  do  speak,  I  shall 
take  such  ground  as  I  deem  best  calculated  to  restore 
peace,  harmony,  and  prosperity  to  the  country,  and  tend 
to  the  perpetuity  of  the  nation,  and  the  liberty  of  these 
States  and  these  people.  Your  worthy  Mayor  has  ex- 
pressed the  wish,  in  wkk;h  T  join  with  him,  that  it  were 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  75 

convenient  for  me  to  remain  with  your  city  long  enough 
to  consult  your  merchants  and  manufacturers ;  or,  as  it 
were,  to  listen  to  those  breathings  rising  within  the  con- 
secrated walls  wherein  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States,  and,  I  will  add,  the  Declaration  of  Independence, 
were  originally  framed  and  adopted.  I  assure  you  and 
your  Mayor,  that  I  had  hoped  on  this  occasion,  and  upon 
all  occasions  during  my  life,  that  I  shall  do  nothing  in- 
consistent with  the  teachings  of  these  holy  and  most 
sacred  walls.  I  never  asked  any  thing  that  does  not 
breathe  from  those  walls.  All  my  political  warfare  has 
been  in  favor  of  the  teachings  that  come  forth  from  these 
sacred  walls.  May  my  right  hand  forget  its  cunning,  and 
my  tongue  cleave  to  the  roof  of  my  mouth,  if  ever  I  prove 
false  to  those  teachings.  Fellow-citizens,  now  allow  me 
to  bid  you  good-night." 

On  the  next  morning,  Mr.  Lincoln  visited  the  old  "  In- 
dependence Hall,"  for  the  purpose  of  raising  the  national 
flag  over  it.  There  he  was  received  with  a  warm  welcome, 
and  made  the  following  address : 

"  I  am  filled  with  deep  emotion  at  finding  myself  stand- 
ing here,  in  this  place,  where  were  collected  the  wisdom, 
the  patriotism,  the  devotion  to  principle,  from  which 
sprang  the  institutions  under  which  we  live.  You  have 
kindly  suggested  to  me  that  in  my  hands  is  the  task  of 
restoring  peace  to  the  present  distracted  condition  of  the 
country.  I  can  say  in  return,  sir,  that  all  the  political 
sentiments  I  entertain  have  been  drawn,  so  far  as  I  have 
been  able  to  draw  them,  from  the  sentiments  which  origi- 
nated and  were  given  to  the  world  from  this  hall.  I  have 
never  had  a  feeling,  politically,  that  did  not  spring  from 
the  sentiments  embodied  in  the  Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence. I  have  often  pondered  over  the  dangers  which 


76  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

were  incurred  by  the  men  who  assembled  here,  and 
framed  and  adopted  that  Declaration  of  Independence. 
I  have  pondered  over  the  toils  that  were  endured  by  the 
officers  and  soldiers  of  the  army  who  achieved  that  inde- 
pendence. I  have  often  inquired  of  myself  what  great 
principle  or  idea  it  was  that  kept  this  Confederacy  so 
long  together.  It  was  not  the  mere  matter  of  the  sepa- 
ration of  the  colonies  from  the  mother-land,  but  that  sen- 
timent in  the  Declaration  of  Independence  which  gave 
liberty,  not  alone  to  the  people  of  this  country,  but,  I 
hope,  to  the  world  for  all  future  time.  It  was  that  which 
gave  promise  that  in  due  time  the  weight  would  be  lifted 
from  the  shoulders  of  all  men.  This  is  a  sentiment  em- 
bodied in  the  Declaration  of  Independence.  Now,  my 
friends,  can  this  country  be  saved  upon  this  basis  1  If  it 
can,  I  will  consider  myself  one  of  the  happiest  men  in  the 
world  if  I  can  help  to  save  it.  If  it  cannot  be  saved  upon 
that  principle,  it  will  be  truly  awful.  But  if  this  country 
cannot  be  saved  without  giving  up  that  principle,  I  was 
about  to  say  I  would  rather  be  assassinated  on  this  spot 
than  surrender  it.  Now,  in  my  view  of  the  present  aspect 
of  affairs,  there  need  be  no  bloodshed  or  war.  There  is 
no  necessity  for  it.  I  am  not  in  favor  of  such  a  course  ; 
and  I  may  say,  in  advance,  that  there  will  be  no  blood- 
shed unless  it  be  forced  upon  the  Government,  and  then 
it  will  be  compelled  to  act  in  self-defense. 

"  My  friends,  this  is  wholly  an  unexpected  speech,  and 
I  did  not  expect  to  be  called  upon  to  say  a  word  when  I 
came  here.  I  supposed  it  was  merely  to  do  something 
towards  raising  the  flag.  I  may,  therefore,  have  said 
something  indiscreet.  I  have  said  nothing  but  what  I 
am  willing  to  live  by,  and,  if  it  be  the  pleasure  of 
Almighty  God,  to  die  by." 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  77 

The  President  elect  and  suite  and  the  several  reception 
committees  then  proceeded  to  a  platform  erected  in  front 
of  the  State  House,  and  Mr.  Benton  of  the  Select  Coun- 
cil, invited  Mr.  Lincoln  to  raise  the  flag.  He  responded 
in  a  brief  speech,  stating  his  cheerful  compliance  with 
the  request,  and  alluded  to  the  original  flag  of  thirteen 
stars,  saying  that  the  number  had  increased  as  time  rolled 
on,  and  we  became  a  happy  and  a  powerful  people,  each 
star  adding  to  its  prosperity.  "  The  future,"  he  added, 
is  in  the  hands  of  the  people.  It  is  on  such  an  occasion 
as  this  that  we  can  reason  together,  reaffirm  our  devotion 
to  the  country  and  the  principles  of  the  Declaration  of 
Independence.  Let  us  make  up  our  mind,  that  when  we 
do  put  a  new  star  upon  our  banner,  it  shall  be  a  fixed 
one,  never  to  be  dimmed  by  the  horrors  of  war,  but 
brightened  by  the  contentment  and  prosperity  of  peace. 
Let  us  go  on  to  extend  the  area  of  our  usefulness,  add 
star  upon  star,  until  their  light  shall  shine  upon  five 
hundred  millions  of  a  free  and  happy  people." 

The  President  elect  then  raised  the  flag  to  the  top  of 
the  staff. 

HARRISBUBGL 

At  half  past  nine  o'clock,  on  the  22d  of  February,  Mr. 
Lincoln  left  Philadelphia  for  Harrisburg.  Both  Houses 
of  the  Legislature  were  visited  by  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  to 
an  address  of  welcome,  the  President  elect  thus  replied : 

"  I  appear  before  you  only  for  a  very  few  brief  remarks, 
in  response  to  what  has  been  said  to  me.  I  thank  you 
most  sincerely  for  this  reception,  and  the  generous  words 
in  which  support  has  been  promised  me  upon  this  occasion. 
I  thank  your  great  commonwealth  for  the  overwhelming 
support  it  recently  gave,  not  to  me  personally,  but  the 
cause,  which  I  think  a  just  one,  in  the  late  election.  Al- 


78  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

lusion  has  been  made  to  the  fact — the  interesting  fact, 
perhaps  we  should  say — that  I,  for  the  first  time,  appear 
at  the  Capital  of  the  great  Commonwealth  of  Pennsyl- 
vania upon  the  birthday  of  the  Father  of  his  Country,  in 
connection  with  that  beloved  anniversary  connected  with 
the  history  of  this  country.  I  have  already  gone  through 
one  exceedingly  interesting  scene  this  morning  in  the 
ceremonies  at  Philadelphia.  Under  the  high  conduct  ot 
gentlemen  there,  I  was,  for  the  first  time,  allowed  the 
privilege  of  standing  in  Old  Independence  Hall,  to  have 
a  few  words  addressed  to  me  there,  and  opening  up  an 
opportunity  of  expressing,  with  much  regret,  that  I  had 
not  more  time  to  express  something  of  my  own  feelings, 
excited  by  the  occasion,  somewhat  to  harmonize  and  give 
shape  to  the  feelings  that  had  been  really  the  feelings  of 
my  whole  life.  Besides  this,  our  friends  there  had  pro- 
vided a  magnificent  flag  of  the  country.  They  had  ar- 
ranged it  so  that  I  was  given  the  honor  of  raising  it  to 
the  head  of  its  staff.  And  when  it  went  up  I  was  pleased 
that  it  went  to  its  place  by  the  strength  of  my  own  feeble 
arm ;  when,  according  to  the  arrangement,  the  cord  was 
pulled,  and  it  flaunted  gloriously  to  the  wind  without  an 
accident,  in  the  bright  glowing  sunshine  of  the  morning, 
I  could  not  help  hoping  that  there  was  in  the  entire  suc- 
cess of  that  beautiful  ceremony  at  least  something  of  an 
omen  of  what  is  to  come.  Nor  could  I  help  feeling  then, 
as  I  often  have  felt,  in  the  whole  of  that  proceeding,  I 
was  a  very  humble  instrument.  I  had  not  provided  the 
flag ;  I  had  not  made  the  arrangements  for  elevating  it 
to  its  place.  I  had  applied  but  a  very  small  portion  of 
my  feeble  strength  in  raising  it.  In  the  whole  transac- 
tion I  was  in  the  hands  of  the  people  who  had  arranged 
it,  and  if  I  can  have  the  same  generous  co-operation  of 
the  people  of  the  nation,  I  think  the  flag  of  our  country 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  79 

may  yet  be  kept  flaunting-  gloriously.  I  recur  for  a  mo- 
ment but  to  repeat  some  words  uttered  at  the  hotel  in 
regard  to  what  has  been  said  about  the  military  support 
which  the  General  Government  may  expect  from  the 
commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania  in  a  proper  emergency. 
To  guard  against  any  possible  mistake  do  I  recur  to  this. 
It  is  not  with  any  pleasure  that  I  contemplate  the  possi- 
bility that  a  necessity  may  arise  in  this  country  for  the 
use  of  the  military  arm.  While  I  am  exceedingly  grati- 
fied to  see  the  manifestation  upon  your  streets  of  your 
military  force  here,  and  exceedingly  gratified  at  your 
promise  here  to  use  that  force  upon  a  proper  emergency — 
while  I  make  these  acknowledgments,  I  desire  to  repeat, 
in  order  to  preclude  any  possible  misconstruction,  that  I 
do  most  sincerely  hope  that  we  shall  have  no  use  for 
them ;  that  it  will  never  become  their  duty  to  shed  blood, 
and  most  especially  never  to  shed  fraternal  blood.  I 
promise  that,  so  far  as  I  may  have  wisdom  to  direct,  if 
so  painful  a  result  shall  in  any  wise  be  brought  about,  it 
shall  be  through  no  fault  of  mine.  Allusion  has  also 
been  made  by  one  of  your  honored  speakers  to  some  re- 
mark recently  made  by  myself  at  Pittsburg,  in  regard  to 
what  is  supposed  to  be  the  especial  interests  of  this  great 
commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania.  I  now  wish  only  to 
say,  in  regard  to  that  matter,  that  the  few  remarks  which 
I  uttered  on  that  occasion  were  rather  carefully  worded. 
I  took  pains  that  they  should  be  so.  I  have  seen  no  oc- 
casion since  to  add  to  them  or  substract  from  them.  I 
leave  them  precisely  as  they  stand,  adding  only  now,  that 
I  am  pleased  to  have  an  expression  from  you,  gentlemen 
of  Pennsylvania,  significant  that  they  are  satisfactory  to 
you.  And  now,  gentlemen  of  the  General  Assembly  of 
the  Commonwealth  of  Pennsylvania,  allow  me  to  return 
you  again  my  most  sincere  thanks." 


SO  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

FROM  HARRISBTJRG  TO  WASHINGTON. 

At  Harrisburg  information,  from  friends  at  Washing- 
ton, was  communicated  to  Mr.  Lincoln  that  a  plot  to  as- 
sassinate him  had  been  discovered  at  Baltimore,  and 
therefore  that  it  would  not  be  wise  to  follow  out  the  pro- 
gramme which  had  been  announced  for  his  journey  on 
the  23d,  by  way  of  the  Northern  Central  Eailway  to  that 
city.  Consequently  the  President  elect,  with  a  confiden- 
tial friend,  took  a  special  train  from  Harrisburg  to  Phila- 
delphia, and  early  on  the  morning  of  the  23d  of  Feb- 
ruary, reached  Washington. 

RECEPTION  AT  WASHINGTON. 

Very  decided  surprise  was  manifested  at  Washington 
when  it  became  known  that  the  President  elect  had 
reached  the  Capital  in  advance  of  his  escort.  The  man- 
ner of  his  coming  was  severely  denounced  by  both  friends 
and  foes,  but  subsequent  developments  established  the 
fact  of  an  organized  movement  to  prevent  Mr.  Lincoln's 
inauguration  by  assassination  at  Baltimore,  and  the  wis- 
dom of  the  manner  in  which  it  was  defeated  was  vindi- 
cated. In  a  day  or  two  after  his  arrival,  the  President 
elect  was  waited  upon  by  the  Mayor  and  other  municipal 
authorities,  who  welcomed  him  to  the  city,  and  to  whom 
he  made  the  following  reply : 

"  MR.  MAYOR  : — I  thank  you,  and  through  you  the 
municipal  authorities  of  this  city  who  accompany  you, 
for  this  welcome.  And  as  it  is  the  first  time  in  my  life 
since  the  present  phase  of  politics  has  presented  itself  in 
this  country,  that  I  have  said  anything  publicly  within  a 
region  of  country  where  the  institution  of  slavery  exists, 
I  will  take  this  occasion  to  say  that  I  think  very  much  of 
the  ill-feeling  that  has  existed,  and  still  exists,  between 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  81 

the  people  in  the  sections  from  whence  I  came  and  the 
people  here,  is  dependent  upon  a  misunderstanding  of 
one  another.  I  therefore  avail  myself  of  this  opportunity 
to  assure  you,  Mr.  Mayor,  and  all  the  gentlemen  present, 
that  I  have  not  now,  and  never  have  had,  any  other  than 
as  kindly  feelings  towards  you  as  the  people  of  my  own 
section.  I  have  not  now,  and  never  have  had,  any  dispo- 
sition to  treat  you  in  any  respect  otherwise  than  as  my 
own  neighbors.  I  have  not  now  any  purpose  to  withhold 
from  you  any  of  the  beneits  of  the  Constitution,  uudar 
any  circumstances,  that  I  wjuld  not  feel  myself  constrain- 
ed to  withhold  from  my  neighbors ;  and  I  hope,  in  a  word, 
that,  when  we  shall  becoji3  better  acquainted,  and  I  say 
it  with  great  confidence,  we  shall  like  each  other  the  more. 
I  thank  you  for  the  kindness  of  this  reception." 

On  the  second  evening  of  his  residence  in  Washington 
the  Eepublican  Association  tendered  Mr.  Lincoln  a  sere- 
nade, which  attracted  a  large  crowd  of  friends  and  curious 
inquirers,  to  whom  he  made  the  following  remarks : 

"  My  friends,  I  suppose  that  I  may  take  this  as  a  com- 
pliment paid  to  me,  and  as  such  please  accept  my  thanks 
for  it.  I  have  reached  this  city  of  Washington  under 
circumstances  considerably  differing  from  those  under 
which  any  other  man  has  ever  reached  it.  I  am  here  for 
the  purpose  of  taking  an  official  position  amongst  the 
people,  almost  all  of  whom  were  politically  opposed  to 
me,  and  are  yet  opposed  to  me  as  I  suppose.  I  propose 
no  lengthy  address  to  you.  I  only  propose  to  say,  as  I 
did  on  yesterday,  when  your  worthy  Mayor  and  Board  of 
Aldermen  called  upon  me,  that  I  thought  much  of  the  ill- 
feeling  that  has  existed  between  you  and  the  people  of 
your  surroundings  and  that  people  from  amongst  whom 
5 


82  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

I  came,  has  depended,  and  now  depends,  upon  a  misun- 
derstanding. 

"  I  hope  that,  if  things  shall  go  along  as  prosperously 
as  I  believe  we  all  desire  they  may,  I  may  have  it  in  my 
power  to  remove  something  of  this  misunderstanding; 
that  I  may  be  enabled  to  convince  you,  and  the  people  of 
your  section  of  the  country,  that  we  regard  you  as  in  all 
things  our  equals,  and  in  all  things  entitled  to  the  same 
lespect  and  the  same  treatment  that  we  claim  for  our- 
selves; that  we  are  in  nowise  disposed,  if  it  were  in  our 
power,  to  oppress  you,  to  deprive  you  of  any  of  your 
rights  under  the  Constitution  of  the  United  States,  or 
even  narrowly  to  split  hairs  with  you  in  regard  to  those 
rights,  but  are  determined  to  give  you,  as  far  as  lies  in 
our  hands,  all  your  rights  under  the  Constitution — not 
grudgingly,  but  fully  and  fairly.  I  hope  that,  by  thus 
dealing  with  you,  we  will  become  better  acquainted,  and 
be  better  friends.  And  now,  my  friends,  with  these  few 
remarks,  and  again  returning  my  thanks  for  this  compli- 
ment, and  expressing  my  desire  to  hear  a  little  more  of 
your  good  music,  I  bid  you  good-night." 

Well-grounded  fears  were  entertained  at  Washington 
that  demonstrations  of  violence,  to  prevent  Mr.  Lincoln's 
inauguration,  would  be  made  on  the  fourth  of  March,  by 
emissaries  of  the  rebel  confederacy.  Ample  preparations 
to  crush  such  demonstrations  by  military  power,  were 
made  by  Lieut.-General  Scott,  yet  apprehensions  of  assas- 
sination were  widely  entertained  by  prominent  supporters 
of  the  Government,  and  these  apprehensions  were  shared 
in  by  the  great  mass  of  the  people  of  the  loyal  States. 
The  interest,  therefore,  centering  at  the  Capitol  on  the 
Fourth  of  March,  1861,  was  greater  than  it  had  ever  been 
in  the  history  of  that  city.  The  ceremonies  were  impos- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  83 

ing,  a  large  number  of  troops  participating  in  the  proces- 
sion. The  secessionists  were  overawed.  From  a  platform 
on  the  east  front  of  the  Capitol,  Mr.  Lincoln  delivered  to 
a  very  large  assemblage  of  the  people  from  all  parts  of 
the  country,  the  following 

INAUGURAL  ADDRESS. 

«4  FELLOW-CITIZENS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  :  In  com- 
pliance with  a  custom  as  old  as  the  Government  itself,  I 
appear  before  you  to  address  you  briefly,  and  to  take,  in 
your  presence,  the  oath  prescribed  by  the  Constitution  of 
the  United  States  to  be  taken  by  the  President,  before  he 
enters  on  the  execution  of  his  office. 

"  I  do  not  consider  it  necessary,  at  present,  for  me  to 
discuss  those  matters  of  administration  about  which  there 
is  no  special  anxiety  or  excitement.  Apprehension  seems 
to  exist  among  the  people  of  the  Southern  States,  that, 
by  the  accession  of  a  Republican  Administration,  their 
property  and  their  peace  and  personal  security  are  to  be 
endangered.  There  has  never  been  any  reasonable  cause 
for  such  apprehension.  Indeed,  the  most  ample  evidence 
to  the  contrary  has  all  the  while  existed,  and  been  open 
to  their  inspection.  It  is  found  in  nearly  all  the  publish- 
ed speeches  of  him  who  now  addresses  you.  I  do  but 
quote  from  one  of  those  speeches,  when  I  declare  that '  I 
have  no  purpose,  directly  or  indirectly,  to  interfere  with 
the  institution  of  slavery  in  the  States  where  it  exists.' 
I  believe  I  have  no  lawful  right  to  do  so ;  and  I  have  no 
inclination  to  do  so.  Those  who  nominated  and  elected 
me,  did  so  with  the  full  knowledge  that  I  had  made  this, 
and  made  many  similar  declarations,  and  had  never  re- 
canted them.  And  more  than  this,  they  placed  in  the 
platform,  for  my  acceptance,  and  as  a  law  to  themselves 


84  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

and  to  me,  the  clear  and  emphatic  resolution  which  I  now 
read: 

"  '  Resolved,  That  the  maintenance  inviolate  of  the 
rights  of  the  States,  and  especially  the  right  of  each 
State  to  order  and  control  its  own  domestic  institutions 
according  to  its  own  judgment  exclusively,  is  essential  to 
that  balance  of  power  on  which  the  perfection  and  endur- 
ance of  our  political  fabric  depend ;  and  we  denounce  the 
lawless  invasion  by  armed  force  of  the  soil  of  any  State 
or  Territory,  no  matter  under  what  pretext,  as  among  the 
gravest  of  crimes.' 

"  I  now  reiterate  these  sentiments ;  and  in  doing  so  I 
only  press  upon  the  public  attention  the  most  conclusive 
evidence  of  which  the  case  is  susceptible,  that  the  prop- 
erty, peace,  and  security  of  no  section  are  to  be  in  any- 
wise endangered  by  the  now  incoming  Administration. 

"  I  add,  too,  that  all  the  protection  which,  consistently 
with  the  Constitution  and  the  laws,  can  be  given,  will  be 
cheerfully  given  to  all  the  States  when  lawfully  demand- 
ed, for  whatever  cause,  as  cheerfully  to  one  section  as  to 
another. 

"  There  is  much  controversy  about  the  delivering  up  of 
fugitives  from  service  or  labor.  The  clause  I  now  read  is 
as  plainly  written  in  the  Constitution  as  any  other  of  its 
provisions : 

"  '  ]S"o  person  held  to  service  or  labor  in  one  State  under 
the  laws  thereof,  escaping  into  another,  shall,  in  conse- 
quence of  any  law  or  regulation  therein,  be  discharged 
from  such  service  or  labor,  but  shall  be  delivered  up  on 
claim  of  the  party  to  whom  such  service  or  labor  may  be 
due.' 

"  It  is  scarcely  questioned  that  this  provision  was  in- 
tended by  those  who  made  it  for  the  reclaiming  of  what 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  86 

we  call  fugitive  slaves ;  and  the  intention  of  the  lawgiver 
the  law. 

"  All  members  of  Congress  swear  their  support  to  the 
whole  Constitution — to  this  provision  as  well  as  any  other. 
To  the  proposition,  then,  that  slaves  whose  cases  come 
within  the  terms  of  this  clause  '  shall  be  delivered  up,' 
their  oaths  are  unanimous.  Now,  if  they  would  make  the 
effort  in  good  temper,  could  they  not,  with  nearly  equal 
unanimity,  frame  and  pass  a  law  by  means  of  which  to 
keep  good  that  unanimous  oath  1 

"  There  is  some  difference  of  opinion  whether  this 
clause  should  be  enforced  by  national  or  by  State  au- 
thority ;  but  surely  that  difference  is  not  a  very  material 
one.  If  the  slave  is  to  be  surrendered,  it  can  be  of  but 
little  consequence  t  •  him  or  to  others  by  which  authority 
it  is  done ;  and  should  any  one,  in  any  case,  be  content 
that  this  oath  shall  go  unkept  on  a  merely  unsubstantial 
controversy  as  to  how  it  shall  be  kept  ? 

*'  Again,  in  any  law  upon  this  subject,  ought  not  all  the 
safeguards  of  liberty  known  in  the  civilized  and  humane 
jurisprudence  to  be  introduced,  so  that  a  free  man  be  not, 
in  any  case,  surrendered  as  a  slave  1  And  might  it  not 
be  well  at  the  same  time  to  provide  by  law  for  the  en- 
forcement of  that  clause  in  the  Constitution  which  guar- 
antees that  *  the  citizens  of  each  State  shall  be  entitled 
to  all  the  provileges  and  immunities  of  citizens  in  the 
several  States?' 

"I  take  the  official  oath  to-day  with  no  mental  reserva- 
tions, and  with  no  purpose  to  construe  the  Constitution 
or  laws  by  any  hypercritical  rules  ;  and  while  I  do  not 
choose  now  to  specify  particular  acts  of  Congress  as 
proper  to  be  enforced,  I  do  suggest  that  it  will  be  much 
safer  for  all,  both  in  official  and  private  stations,  to  con- 
form to  and  abide  by  all  those  acts  which  stand  unre- 


86  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

pealed,  than  to  violate  any  of  them,  trusting  to  find  im- 
punity in  having  them  held  to  be  unconstitutional. 

"  It  is  seventy-two  years  since  the  first  inauguration  of 
a  President  under  our  national  Constitution.  During 
that  period  fifteen  different  and  very  distinguished  citi- 
zens have  in  succession  administered  the  executive 
branch  of  the  government.  They  have  conducted  it 
through  many  perils,  and  generally  with  great  success. 
Yet,  with  all  this  scope  for  precedent,  I  now  enter  upon 
the  same  task,  for  the  brief  constitutional  term  of  four 
years,  under  great  and  peculiar  difficulties. 

"  A  disruption  of  the  Federal  Union,  heretofore  only 
menaced,  is  now  formidably  attempted.  I  hold  that  in 
the  contemplation  of  universal  law  and  of  the  Constitu- 
tion, the  Union  of  these  States  is  perpetual.  Perpetuity 
is  implied,  if  not  expressed,  in  the  fundamental  law  of 
all  national  governments.  It  is  safe  to  assert  that  no 
government  proper  ever  had  a  provision  in  its  organic 
law  for  its  own  termination.  Continue  to  execute  all  the 
express  provisions  of  our  national  Constitution,  and  the 
Union  will  endure  forever,  it  being  impossible  to  destroy 
it  except  by  some  action  not  provided  for  in  the  instru- 
ment itself. 

"Again,  if  the  United  States  be  not  a  government 
proper,  but  an  association  of  States  in  the  nature  of  a 
contract  merely,  can  it,  as  a  contract,  be  peaceably  un- 
made by  less  than  all  the  parties  who  made  it  1  One 
party  to  a  contract  may  violate  it — break  it,  so  to  speak  ; 
but  does  it  not  require  all  to  lawfully  rescind  it  1  De- 
scending from  these  general  principles,  we  find  the  propo- 
sition that  in  legal  contemplation  the  Union  is  perpetual, 
confirmed  by  the  history  of  the  Union  itself. 

"  The  Union  is  much  older  than  the  Constitution.  It 
was  formed,  in  fact,  by  the  Articles  of  Association  in 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  87 

1774.  It  was  matured  and  continued  in  the  Declaration 
of  Independence  in  1776.  It  was  further  matured,  and 
the  faith  of  all  the  then  thirteen  States  expressly  plight- 
ed and  engaged  that  it  should  be  perpetual,  by  the  Arti- 
cles of  Confederation,  in  1778 ;  and,  finally,  in  1787,  one 
of  the  declared  objects  for  ordaining  and  establishing  the 
Constitution  was  to  form  a  more  perfect  Union.  But  if 
the  destruction  of  the  Union  by  one  or  by  a  part  only  of 
the  States  be  lawfully  possible,  the  Union  is  less  than 
before,  the  Constitution  having  lost  the  vital  element  of 
perpetuity. 

"  It  follows  from  these  views  that  no  State,  upon  its 
own  mere  motion,  can  lawfully  get  out  of  the  Union  ; 
that  resolves  and  ordinances  to  that  effect  are  legally 
void ;  and  that  acts  of  violence  within  any  State  or  States 
against  the  authority  of  the  United  States  are  insurrec- 
tionary or  revolutionary,  according  to  circumstances. 

"I  therefore  consider  that,  in  view  of  the  Constitution 
and  the  laws,  the  Union  is  unbroken,  and,  to  the  extent 
of  my  ability,  I  shall  take  care,  as  the  Constitution  itsolf 
expressly  enjoins  upon  me,  that  the  laws  of  the  Union 
shall  be  faithfully  executed  in  all  the  States.  Doing 
this,  which  I  deem  to  be  only  a  simple  duty  on  my  part, 
I  shall  perfectly  perform  it,  so  far  as  is  practicable,  un- 
less my  rightful  masters,  the  American  people,  shall 
withhold  the  requisition,  or,  in  some  authoritative  man- 
ner, direct  the  contrary. 

"  I  trust  this  will  not  be  regarded  as  a  menace,  but  only 
as  the  declared  purpose  of  the  Union  that  it  will  consti- 
tutionally defend  and  maintain  itself. 

"  In  doing  this  there  need  be  no  bloodshed  or  violence, 
and  there  shall  be  none  unless  it  is  forced  upon  the  na- 
tional authority. 

"  The  power  confided  to  me  loill  be  used  to  hold,  occupy, 


88  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

and  possets  tlic  properly  and  places  lelovging  to  lie  gcrtm- 
mcnt,  and  collect  the  duties  and  imposts ;  but  beyond 
what  may  be  necessary  for  these  objects  there  'will  be  no 
invasion,  no  using  of  foice  against  or  among  the  people 
anywhere. 

""Where  hostility  to  the  United  States  shall  be  so 
great  and  so  universal  as  to  prevent  competent  resident 
citizens  from  holding  the  Federal  offices,  there  will  be  no 
attempt  to  force  obnoxious  strangers  among  the  people 
that  object.  "While  strict  legal  right  may  exist  of  the 
government  to  enforce  the  exercise  of  these  offices,  the 
attempt  to  do  so  would  be  so  irritating,  and  so  nearly 
impracticable  withal,  that  I  deem  it  better  to  forego  for 
the  time  the  uses  of  such  offices. 

"The  mails,  unless  repelled,  will  continue  to  be 
furnished  to  all  parts  of  the  Union. 

"  So  far  as  possible,  the  people  everywhere  shall  have 
that  sense  of  perfect  security  which  is  most  favorable  to 
calm  thought  and  reflection. 

"  The  course  here  indicated  will  be  followed,  unless 
current  events  and  experience  shall  show  a  modification 
or  change  to  be  proper ;  and  in  every  case  and  exigency 
my  best  discretion  w?ill  be  exercised  according  to  the  cir- 
cumstances actually  existing,  and  with  a  view  and  hope 
of  a  peaceful  solution  of  the  national  troubles,  and  the 
restoration  of  fraternal  sympathies  and  affections. 

"  That  there  are  persons,  in  one  section  or  another,  who 
seek  to  destroy  the  Union  at  all  events,  and  are  glad  of 
any  pretext  to  do  it,  I  will  neither  affirm  nor  deny.  But 
if  there  be  such,  I  need  address  no  word  to  them. 

"  To  those,  however,  who  really  love  the  Union,  may  I 
not  speak,  before  entering  upon  so  grave  a  matter  as  the 
destiuction  of  cur  national  fabiic,  with  all  its  benefits,  its 
memories,  and  its  hopes  ?  "Wculd  it  not  be  well  to  ascer- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  89 

tain  why  we  do  it  ?  Will  you  hazard  so  desperate  a  step, 
while  any  portion  of  the  ills  yon  fly  from  'have  no  real 
existence  1  Will  you,  while  the  certain  ills  you  fly  to, 
are  greater  than  all  the  real  ones  you  fly  from  1  Will 
you  risk  the  commission  of  so  fearful  a  mistake  ?  All 
profess  to  be  content  in  the  Union  if  all  constitutional 
rights  can  be  maintained.  Is  it  true,  then,  that  any 
right,  plainly  written  in  the  Constitution,  has  been  de- 
nied 1  I  think  not.  Happily  the  human  mind  is  so  con- 
stituted, that  no  party  can  reach  to  the  audacity  of  doing 
this. 

"  Think,  if  you  can,  of  a  single  instance  in  which  a 
plainly  written  provision  of  the  Constitution  has  ever 
been  denied.  If,  by  the  mere  force  of  numbers,  a  major- 
ity should  deprive  a  minority  of  any  clearly  written  con- 
stitutional right,  it  might,  in  a  moral  point  of  view,  jus. 
tify  revolution ;  it  certainly  would,  if  such  right  were  a 
vital  one.  But  such  is  not  our  case. 

"  All  the  vital  rights  of  minorities  and  of  individuals 
are  so  plainly  assured  to  them  by  affirmations  and  nega- 
tions, guarantees  and  prohibitions  in  the  Constitution, 
that  controversies  never  rise  concerning  them.  But  no 
organic  law  can  ever  be  framed  with  a  provision  specific- 
ally applicable  to  every  question  which  may  occur  in 
practical  administration.  Ko  foresight  can  anticipate, 
nor  any  document  of  reasonable  length  contain,  express 
provisions  for  all  possible  questions.  Shall  fugitives 
from  labor  be  surrendered  by  national  or  by  State 
authorities'?  The  Constitution  does  not  expressly  say. 
Must  Congress  protect  slavery  in  the  territories  1  The 
Constitution  does  not  expressly  say.  From  questions  of 
this  class  spring  all  our  constitutional  controversies,  and 
we  divide  upon  them  into  majorities  and  minorities. 

"  If  the  minority  will  not  acquiesce,  the  majority  must, 


90  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

or  the  government  must  cease.  There  is  no  alternative 
for  continuing  the  government  but  acquiescence  on  the 
one  side  or  the  other.  If  a  minority  in  such  a  case  will 
secede  rather  than  acquiesce,  they  make  a  precedent 
which  in  turn  will  ruin  and  divide  them,  for  a  minority 
of  their  own  will  secede  from  them  whenever  a  majority 
refuses  to  be  controlled  by  such  a  minority.  For  instance, 
why  not  any  portion  of  a  new  confederacy,  a  year  or  two 
hence,  arbitrarily  secede  again,  precisely  as  portions  of 
the  present  Union  now  claim  to  secede  from  it  1  All  who 
cherish  disunion  sentiments  are  now  being  educated  to 
the  exact  temper  of  doing  this.  Is  there  such  perfect 
identity  of  interests  among  the  States  to  compose  a  new 
Union  as  to  produce  harmony  only,  and  prevent  renewed 
secession  1  Plainly,  the  central  idea  of  secession  is  the 
essence  of  anarchy. 

"  A  majority  held  in  restraint  by  constitutional  check 
and  limitations,  and  always  changing  easily  with  deliber- 
ate changes  of  popular  opinions  and  sentiments,  is  the 
only  true  sovereign  of  a  free  people.  Whoever  reject  it, 
does,  of  necessity,  fly  to  anarchy  or  to  despotism. 
Unanimity  is  impossible ;  the  rule  of  a  majority,  <ts  a 
permanent  arrangement,  is  wholly  inadmissible.  So 
that,  rejecting  the  majority  principle,  anarchy  or  despot- 
ism in  some  form  is  all  that  is  left. 

"  I  do  not  forget  the  position  assumed  by  some  that 
constitutional  questions  are  to  be  decided  by  the  Supreme 
Court,  nor  do  I  deny  that  such  decisions  must  be  binding 
in  any  case  apon  the  parties  to  a  suit,  as  to  the  object  of 
that  suit,  while  they  are  also  entitled  to  very  high  re- 
spect and  consideration  in  all  parallel  cases  by  all  other 
departments  of  the  government ;  and  while  it  is  obviously 
possible  that  such  decision  may  be  erroneous  in  any 
given  case,  still  the  evil  effect  following  it,  being  limited 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  91 

to  that  particular  case,  with  the  chance  that  it  may  be 
overruled  and  never  become  a  precedent  for  other  cases, 
can  better  be  borne  than  could  the  evils  of  a  different 
practice. 

"  At  the  same  time,  the  candid  citizen  must  confess 
that,  if  the  policy  of  the  government  upon  the  vital  ques- 
tions affecting  the  whole  people  is  to  be  irrevocably  fixed 
by  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court,  the  instant  they 
are  made,  as  in  ordinary  litigation  between  parties  in 
personal  actions,  the  people  will  have  ceased  to  be  their 
own  masters,  unless  having  to  that  extent  practically  re- 
signed their  government  into  the  hands  of  that  eminent 
tribunal. 

"  Nor  is  there  in  this  view  any  assault  upon  the  court 
or  the  judges.  It  is  a  duty  from  which  they  may  not 
shrink,  to  decide  cases  properly  brought  before  them; 
and  it  is  no  fault  of  theirs  if  others  seek  to  turn  their 
decisions  to  political  purposes.  One  section  of  our  coun- 
try believes  slavery  is  right,  and  ought  to  be  extended, 
while  the  other  believes  it  is  wrong,  and  ought  not  to  be 
extended ;  and  this  is  the  only  substantial  dispute ;  and 
the  fugitive  slave  clause  of  the  Constitution,  and  the  law 
for  the  suppression  of  the  foreign  slave  trade,  are  each 
as  well  enforced,  perhaps,  as  any  law  can  ever  be  in  a 
community  where  the  moral  sense  of  the  people  imper- 
fectly supports  the  law  itself.  The  great  body  of  the 
people  abide  by  the  dry  legal  obligation  in  both  cases, 
and  a  few  break  over  in  each.  This,  I  think,  cannot  be 
perfectly  cured,  and  it  would  be  worse,  in  both  cases, 
after  the  separation  of  the  sections,  than  before.  The 
foreign  slave  trade,  now  imperfectly  suppressed,  would 
be  ultimately  revived,  without  restriction,  in  one  section ; 
while  fugitive  slaves,  now  only  partially  surrendered, 
would  not  be  surrendered  at  all  by  the  other. 


92  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

"  Physically  speaking,  we  cannot  separate — we  cannot 
remove  our  respective  sections  from  each  other,  nor  build 
an  impassible  wall  between  them.  A  husband  and  wife 
may  be  divorced,  and  go  out  of  the  presence  and  beyond 
the  reach  of  the  other ;  but  the  different  parts  of  our 
country  cannot  do  that.  They  cannot  but  remain  face  to 
face ;  and  intercourse,  either  amicable  or  hostile,  must 
continue  between  them.  Is  it  possible,  then,  to  make 
that  intercourse  more  advantageous  or  more  satisfactory 
after  separation  than  before?  Can  aliens  make  treaties 
easier  than  friends  can  make  laws  1  Can  treaties  be  more 
faithfully  enforced  between  aliens  than  laws  can  among 
friends'?  Suppose  you  go  to  war,  you  cannot  fight  al- 
ways ;  and  when,  after  much  loss  on  both  sides,  and  no 
gain  on  either,  you  cease  fighting,  the  identical  questions 
as  to  terms  of  intercourse  are  again  upon  you. 

"  This  country,  with  its  institutions,  belongs  to  the 
people  who  inhabit  it.  Whenever  they  shall  grow  weary 
of  the  existing  government,  they  can  exercise  their  con- 
stitutional right  of  amending,  or  their  revolutionary  right 
to  dismember  or  overthrow  it.  I  cannot  be  ignorant  of 
the  fact  that  many  worthy  and  patriotic  citizens  are 
desirous  of  having  the  national  Constitution  amended. 
While  I  make  no  recommendation  of  amendment,  I  fully 
recognize  the  full  authority  of  the  people  over  the  whole 
subject,  to  be  exercised  in  either  of  the  modes  prescribed 
in  the  instrument  itself,  and  I  should,  under  existing  cir- 
cumstances, favor,  rather  than  oppose,  a  fair  opportunity 
being  afforded  the  people  to  act  upon  it. 

"  I  will  venture  to  add  that  to  me  the  convention  mode 
seems  preferable,  in  that  it  allows  amendments  to  origi- 
nate with  the  people  themselves,  instead  of  only  permit- 
ting them  to'take  or  reject  propositions  originated  by 
others  not  especially  chosen  for  the  purpose,  and  which 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  93 

might  not  be  precisely  such  as  they  would  wish  either  to 
accept  or  refuse.  I  understand  that  a  proposed  amend- 
ment to  the  Constitution  (which  amendment,  however,  I 
have  not  seen),  has  passed  Congress,  to  the  effect  that 
the  Federal  Government  shall  never  interfere  with  the 
domestic  institutions  of  States,  including  that  of  persons 
held  to  service.  To  avoid  misconstruction  of  what  I 
have  said,  I  depart  from  my  purpose  not  to  speak  of  par- 
ticular amendments,  so  far  as  to  say  that,  holding  such  a 
provision  to  now  be  implied  constitutional  law,  I  have  no 
objection  to  its  being  made  express  and  irrevocable. 

"  The  chief  magistrate  derives  all  his  authority  from 
the  people,  and  they  have  conferred  none  upon  him  to  fix 
the  terms  for  the  separation  of  the  States.  The  people 
themselves,  also,  can  do  this  if  they  choose,  but  the 
Executive,  as  such,  has  nothing  to  do  with  it.  His  duty 
is  to  administer  the  present  government  as  it  came  to  his 
hands,  and  to  transmit  it,  unimpaired  by  him,  to  his  suc- 
cessor. Why  should  there  not  be  a  patient  confidence  in 
the  ultimate  justice  of  the  people  1  Is  there  any  better 
or  equal  hope  in  the  world  1  In  our  present  differences, 
is  either  party  without  faith  of  being  in  the  right  1  If 
the  Almighty  Euler  of  Nations,  with  His  eternal  truth 
and  justice,  be  on  your  side  of  the  North,  or  on  yours  of 
the  South,  that  truth  and  that  justice  will  surely  prevail 
by  the  judgment  of  this  great  tribunal,  the  American 
people.  By  the  frame  of  the  government  under  which 
we  live,  this  same  people  have  wisely  given  their  public 
servants  but  little  power  for  mischief,  and  have,  with 
equal  wisdom,  provided  for  the  return  of  that  little  to 
their  own  hands  at  very  short  intervals.  While  the  peo- 
ple retain  their  virtue  and  vigilance,  no  administration, 
by  any  extreme  wickedness  or  folly,  can  very  seriously 
injure  the  government  in  the  short  space  of  four  years. 


94  LINCOLN  MEMOEIAL. 

"  My  countrymen,  one  and  all,  think  calmly  and  well 
upon  this  whole  subject.  Nothing  valuable  can  be  lost 
by  taking  time. 

"  If  there  be  an  object  to  hurry  any  of  you,  in  hot 
haste,  to  a  step  which  you  would  never  take  deliberately, 
that  object  will  be  frustrated  by  taking  time ;  but  no  good 
object  ean  be  frustrated  by  it. 

"  Such  of  you  as  are  now  dissatisfied  still  have  the  old 
Constitution  unimpaired,  and,  on  the  sensitive  point,  the 
laws  of  your  own  framing  under  it ;  while  the  new  ad- 
ministration will  have  no  immediate  power,  if  it  would, 
to  change  either. 

"  If  it  were  admitted  that  you  who  are  dissatisfied  hold 
the  right  side  in  the  dispute,  there  is  still  no  single  rea- 
son for  precipitate  action.  Intelligence,  patriotism,  Chris- 
tianity, and  a  firm  reliance  on  Him  who  has  never  yet 
forsaken  this  favored  land,  are  still  competent  to  adjust, 
in  the  best  way,  all  our  present  difficulties. 

"  In  your  hands,  my  dissatisfied  fellow-countrymen,  and 
not  in  mine,  is  the  momentous  issue  of  civil  war.  The 
government  will  not  assail  you. 

"  You  can  have  no  conflict  without  being  yourselves 
the  aggressors.  You  have  no  oath  legistered  in  heaven 
to  destroy  the  government ;  while  I  shall  have  the  most 
solemn  one  to  '  preserve,  protect,  and  defend  it.' 

"  I  am  loth  to  close.  We  are  not  enemies,  but  friends. 
We  must  not  be  enemies.  Though  passion  may  have 
strained,  it  must  not  break  our  bonds  of  affection. 

"  The  mystic  cords  of  memory,  stretching  from  every 
battlefield  and  patriot  grave  to  every  living  heart  and 
hearthstone  all  over  this  broad  land,  will  yet  swell  the 
chorus  of  the  Union,  when  again  touched,  as  surely  as 
they  will  be,  by  the  better  angels  of  our  nature." 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  95 

Chief  Justice  Taney  then  administered  the  oath  of 
office,  and  President  Lincoln  left  the  Capitol  for  the 
White  House,  where  he  held  a  public  reception. 


ME.  LINCOLN'S  ADMINISTEATION. 

It  is  not  within  the  purpose  of  this  work  to  record  the 
acts  or  sketch  the  characteristics  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  admin- 
istration, nor  to  give  a  history  of  the  events  which  suc- 
ceeded his  inauguration.  War  against  the  United  States 
was  declared  by  the  rebel  confederacy  by  firing  upon  the 
Star  of  the  West,  a  vessel  sent  with  provisions  to  the 
garrison  in  Fort  Moultrie,  in  Charleston  harbor;  and, 
under  orders  of  General  Beauregard,  Fort  Sumter  was 
bombarded  on  the  12th  of  April,  1861,  and  on  the  15th, 
Major  Anderson  and  his  command  of  seventy  men  were 
compelled  to  evacuate.  From  that  day  war  to  crush  the 
rebellion  was  prosecuted,  with  varying  fortunes,  until 
April  9th,  1865,  when  Gen.  Kobert  E.  Lee,  Commander- 
in- Chief  of  the  forces  of  the  Confederacy,  surrendered 
the  army  of  Northern  Virginia  to  Lieut.-General  Grant, 
of  the  United  States  army.  Eichmond,  the  capital  of 
the  Confederacy,  had  previously  been  occupied,  and  on 
the  14th  of  April,  1865,  the  anniversary  of  the  removal 
of  the  American  flag  from  Fort  Sumter — and  the  day 
appointed  for  the  replanting  of  the  national  colors  upon 
its  battered  walls — on  that  day,  celebrated  by  the  loyal 
people  of  the  nation  as  the  crowning  hour  of  national 
victory — a  Good  Friday  of  loyal  congratulations — Abra- 
ham Lincoln,  who  had  been  unanimously  renominated  by 
the  Union  Convention,  which  met  at  Baltimore,  June  7th, 
1864,  and  had  been  re-elected  by  a  majority  on  the  popu- 
lar vote  of  411,281  ballots  over  his  competitor,  Gen.  Geo. 


96  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

B.  McClellan,  was  assassinated  at  Ford's  Theatre,  in  the 
city  of  Washington. 

Frequent  threats  of  assassination  had  been  reported 
after  the  discovery  of  the  plot  at  Baltimore,  in  1831,  and 
some  apprehensions  were  entertained  on  the  day  of  Mr. 
Lincoln's  re-inauguration,  March  4th,  1865,  but  no  demon- 
strations other  than  of  the  most  enthusiastic  and  cordial 
approval  were  witnessed,  and  the  President  announced  to 
a  very  large  assemblage  of  the  people  the  general  policy 
of  his  seeond  term  of  service,  in  the  following  remarkable 

INAUGURAL  ADDRESS. 

"FELLOW  COUNTRYMEN: — At  this  second  appearing 
to  take  the  oath  of  the  Presidential  office,  there  is  less 
occasion  for  an  extended  address  than  there  was  at  the 
first.  Then  a  statement  somewhat  in  detail  of  a  course 
to  be  pursued  seemed  very  fitting  and  proper.  ~Now,  at 
the  expiration  of  four  years,  during  which  public  declara- 
tions have  constantly  been  called  forth  on  every  point 
and  phase  of  the  great  contest  which  still  absorbs  the 
attention  and  engrosses  the  energies  of  the  nation,  little 
that  is  new  could  be  presented. 

"  The  progress  of  our  arms,  upon  which  all  else  chiefly 
depends,  is  as  well  known  to  the  public  as  to  myself,  and 
it  is,  I  trust,  reasonably  satisfactory  and  encouraging  to 
all.  With  high  hope  for  the  future,  no  prediction  in  re- 
gard to  it  is  ventured.  On  the  occasion  corresponding 
to  this  four  years  ago  all  thoughts  were  anxiously  directed 
to  an  impending  civil  war.  All  dreaded  it ;  all  sought  to 
avoid  it.  While  the  inaugural  address  was  being  deliv- 
ered from  this  place,  devoted  to  saving  the  Union  with- 
out war,  insurgent  agents  were  in  the  city  seeking  to  de- 
stroy it  with  war;  seeking  to  dissolve  the  Union  and 
divide  the  effects  by  negotiation. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  97 

"  Both  parties  deprecated  war,  but  one  of  them  would 
make  war  rather  than  let  the  nation  survive,  and  the 
other  would  accept  war  rather  than  let  it  perish,  and  the 
war  came. 

"One-eighth  of  the  whole  population  were  colored 
slaves,  not  distributed  generally  over  the  Union,  but  lo- 
cated in  the  southern  part  of  it.  These  slaves  consti- 
tuted a  peculiar  and  powerful  interest.  All  knew  that 
this  interest  was  somehow  the  cause  of  this  war.  To 
strengthen,  perpetuate,  and  extend  this  interest  was  the 
object  for  which  the  insurgents  would  rend  the  Union  by 
war,  while  the  Government  claimed  no  right  to  do  more 
than  restrict  the  territorial  enlargement  of  it.  Neither 
party  expected  the  magnitude  or  the  duration  which  it 
has  already  attained.  Neither  anticipated  that  the  cause 
of  the  conflict  might  cease  even  before  the  conflict  itself 
should  cease.  Each  looked  for  an  easier  triumph  and  a 
result  less  fundamental  and  astounding.  Both  read  the 
same  Bible  and  pray  to  the  same  God,  and  each  invokes 
his  aid  against  the  other.  It  may  seem  strange  that  any 
man  should  dare  to  ask  a  just  God's  assistance  in  wring- 
ing his  bread  from  the  sweat  of  other  men's  faces.  But 
let  us  judge  not,  that  we  be  not  judged. 

"  The  prayer  of  both  could  not  be  answered.  That  of 
neither  has  been  fully  answered.  The  Almighty  has  his 
own  purposes.  '  Woe  unto  the  world  because  of  offences, 
for  it  must  needs  be  that  offences  come,  but  woe  to  that 
man  by  whom  the  offence  cometh.'  If  we  shall  suppose 
that  American  slavery  is  one  of  the  offences,  which,  in 
the  providence  of  God  must  needs  come,  but  which,  hav- 
ing through  His  appointed  time,  He  now  wills  to  remove, 
and  that  he  gives  to  both  North  and  South  this  terrible 
war  as  the  woe  due  to  those  by  whom  the  offence  came, 
shall  we  discern  therein  any  departure  from  those  Divine 


98  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

attributes  which  the  believer  in  a  God  always  ascribe  to 
him'? 

"Fondly  do  we  hope,  fervently  do  we  pray  that  this 
mighty  scourge  of  war  may  speedily  pass  away.  Tet,  if 
God  wills  that  it  continue  until  all  the  wealth  piled  by 
the  bondsman's  two  hundred  and  fifty  years  of  unrequited 
toil  shall  be  sunk,  and  until  'every  drop  of  blood  drawn 
by  the  lash  shall  be  paid  by  another  drawn  by  the  sword, 
a&  was  said  three  thousand  years  ago,  so  still  it  must  be 
said,  that  the  judgments  of  the  Lord  are  true  and  right- 
eous altogether. 

"  With  malice  toward  none,  with  charity  for  all,  with 
firmness  in  the  right,  as  God  gives  us  to  see  the  right, 
let  us  strive  on  to  finish  the  work  we  are  in,  to  bind  up 
the  nation's  wounds,  to  care  for  him  who  shall  have 
borne  the  battle,  and  for  his  widow  and  his  orphans,  to 
do  all  which  may  achieve  and  cherish  a  just  and  lasting 
peace  among  ourselves  and  with  all  nations." 

THE  ASSASSINATION. 

On  the  evening  of  the  Fourteenth  of  April,  when  every 
loyal  American  heart  was  full  of  joy  over  a  great  victory 
which  promised  the  immediate  re-establishment  of  peace 
and  good  order  in  all  the  insurgent  States — when  illu- 
minations and  processions  and  music,  and  shouts  and 
speeches  and  good  cheer  made  gay  and  glad  all  the  cities 
and  towns  and  villages  of  the  loyal  States,  a  plot  to  assas- 
sinate the  President  and  his  Cabinet,  long  premeditated 
and  deliberately  planned,  culminated  in  the  shooting  of 
Mr.  Lincoln,  and  in  a  desperate  attempt  to  destroy  the 
life  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  Mr.  Seward. 

It  had  been  announced  that  Mr.  Lincoln,  Gen.  Grant 
and  a  party  of  friends  would  visit  Ford's  Theatre,  for  the 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  99 

purpose  of  witnessing  the  performance  of  "  Our  American 
Cousin,"  by  Laura  Keene's  dramatic  company.  Gen. 
Grant  was  unexpectedly  called  to  New  Jersey,  and  left 
"Washington  on  the  evening  train.  Mr.  Lincoln  went  to 
the  theatre  with  reluctance,  explaining  that  he  did  not 
wish  the  audience  to  be  disappointed,  which,  Gen.  Grant 
having  left  the  city,  it  would  be  if  he  did  not  go.  He  was 
accompanied  by  Mrs.  Lincoln,  Miss  Clara  Harris,  and 
Maj.  H.  B.  Eathbone.  The  box  set  apart  for  the  President 
and  friends  was  in  the  second  tier,  to  the  right  of  the 
audience.  The  assassin  chose  for  the  moment  of  the 
attack  a  period  in  the  third  act  of  the  play,  when  there 
was  a  temporary  pause  in  the  action.  The  entrance  from 
the  President's  box  was  by  a  door  from  the  adjoining 
gallery.  Having  entered  by  deceiving  the  guard,  the  as- 
sassin found  himself  in  a  dark  corridor,  of  which  the  wall 
made  an  acute  angle  with  the  door.  He  had  previously 
gouged  a  channel  from  the  plaster  and  placed  near  by  a 
stout  piece  of  board,  which  he  now  inserted  between  the 
wall  and  the  panel  of  the  door.  Ingress  then  became 
impossible.  He  next  turned  toward  the  entrances  to  the 
box :  these  were  two,  as  the  box  by  a  sliding  partition 
was  convertible  into  two  when  desired.  The  door  at  the 
bottom  of  the  passage  was  open ;  that  nearer  the  murder- 
er was  closed.  Both  had  spring-locks,  but  their  screws 
had  been  carefully  loosened  so  as  to  yield  to  a  slight 
pressure  if  necessary.  In  the  hither  door  a  small  hole 
had  been  bored,  through  which  to  survey  the  interior  of 
the  box.  To  this  the  assassin  resorted,  after  fastening 
the  door  first  described,  and  discovered  that  the  occupants 
had  taken  seats  in  an  order  favorable  to  his  purpose: 
the  President  in  an  armed-chair  nearest  the  audience, 
Mrs.  Lincoln  next,  then,  after  a  considerable  space,  Miss 
Clara  Harris  in  the  corner  nearest  the  stage,  and  Maj.  H. 


100  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

E.  Eathbone  on  a  lounge  along  the  further  wall.  The 
report  of  a  pistol  first  announced  the  presence  of  an  as- 
sassin, who  uttered  the  word  "  Freedom,"  and  advanced 
toward  the  front.  Maj.  Eathbone  discerned  him  through 
the  smoke,  and  grappled  with  him.  The  murderer 
dropped  his  pistol  and  aimed  a  violent  blow  with  a  knife 
at  the  breast  of  his  antagonist,  who  caught  the  blow  in 
the  upper  part  of  his  left  arm,  but  was  unable  to  detain 
the  desperado,  though  immediately  seizing  him  again  and 
tearing  his  clothes  as  he  vaulted  ten  or  twelve  feet  down 
upon  the  open  stage,  tangling  his  spur  in  the  draped  flag 
below  the  box  and  stumbling  in  his  fall.  Eecovering 
himself  immediately,  he  flourished  his  dagger,  shouted 
"Sic  semper  tyrannis ! "  and  "The  South  is  avenged!" 
and  retreated  successfully  through  the  familiar  labyrinth 
of  the  theatre.  Between  the  deed  and  the  escape  there 
was  not  the  lapse  of  a  minute.  The  hour  was  about  half- 
past  ten.  There  was  only  one  pursuer — Col.  Stuart,  of 
Washington — from  the  audience,  but  he  was  outstripped. 

The  screams  of  Mrs.  Lincoln  first  disclosed  to  the  au- 
dience the  fact  that  the  President  had  been  shot,  when 
all  present  rose  to  their  feet,  rushing  toward  the  stage, 
many  exclaiming,  "  Hang  him,  hang  him !"  The  excite- 
ment was  of  the  wildest  possible  description,  and  of  course 
there  was  an  abrupt  termination  to  the  theatrical  per- 
formance. 

There  was  a  rush  toward  the  President's  box,  when 
cries  were  heard :  "  Stand  back  and  give  him  air."  "  Has 
any  one  stimulants '?"  On  immediate  examination,  it  was 
found  that  Mr.  Lincoln  was  shot  in  the  back  of  the  head, 
behind  the  left  ear,  the  ball  traversing  an  oblique  line  to 
the  right  ear.  He  was  rendered  instantaneously  uncon- 
scious, and  never  knew  friends  or  pain  again.  He  was 
conveyed  as  soon  as  possible  to  the  house  of  Mr.  Peter- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  101 

son,  opposite  the  theatre,  and  there  expired  next  morning 
at  twenty-two  minutes  past  seven  o'clock,  attended  by 
the  principal  members  of  his  Cabinet,  Senator  Sumner, 
Major  Hay,  his  Assistant  Secretary,  General  Halleck, 
General  Meigs,  Eev.  Dr.  Gurley,  and  several  surgeons. 
Mrs.  Lincoln  and  her  son  Eobert  were  in  an  adjoining 
apartment — the  former  bowed  down  with  anguish,  the 
latter  strong  enough  to  sustain  and  console  her.  Soon 
after  nine  o'clock  the  body  was  removed  to  the  White 
House  under  military  escort. 

When  the  excitement  in  the  streets  of  Washington 
created  by  the  assassination  of  Mr.  Lincoln  and  the  wild 
rumors  associated  with  the  horrible  crime,  was  at  a  fear- 
ful pitch,  augmented  intensity  was  given  it  by  a  report 
that  Secretary  Seward  had  also  been  murdered.  The 
facts  were  that  about  ten  o'clock  a  man  on  horseback 
rode  to  the  Secretary's  house,  rang  the  bell,  and  told  the 
servant  attending  upon  the  door  that  he  had  a  prescrip- 
tion from  Dr.  Verdi,  Mr.  Seward's  attending  physician, 
which  he  must  deliver  to  the  Secretary  in  person,  Mr. 
Seward  being  confined  to  his  room  by  injuries  received  a 
few  days  previous,  having  been  thrown  from  a  carriage. 
The  servant  took  him  up  stairs  and  ushered  him  into  Mr. 
Frederick  Seward's  room,  where  he  delivered  the  same 
message,  but  was  assured  by  Mr.  Seward  that  he  could 
not  see  his  father.  He  then  started  to  retire,  when  he 
turned  with  an  inaudible  mutter  and  leveled  a  blow  at 
Frederick  with  a  slung  shot.  A  scuffle  ensued,  in  which 
the  assassin  used  a  knife,  and  very  seriously  wounded 
the  Assistant  Secretary,  then  rushing  by  him  he  passed 
through  the  door  into  the  father's  room.  He  found  the 
Secretary  in  charge  of  his  male  nurse,  and  with  a  violent 
rush  drew  his  knife  and  struck  the  Secretary  several 
times.  The  nurse  (Mr.  Kobinson)  grappled  htm.  Disen- 


102  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

gaging  himself  by  the  use  of  his  knife  he  darted  out, 
when  he  encountered  Major  Clarence  Seward,  who  seized 
him  and  endeavored  to  detain  him,  without  knowing  the 
horrid  tragedy  he  had  enacted.  He  again  used  his  knife, 
but  was  most  eager  to  escape,  and  as  soon  as  he  had  cut 
himself  loose  fled  to  the  outer  door,  mounted  his  horse, 
and  was  off  before  the  inmates  of  the  house  could  give 
general  alarm.  A  surgeon  was  promptly  called,  who  dis- 
covered that  in  haste  and  eagerness  the  assassin  had 
missed  his  mark  and  had  only  inflicted  a  slight  wound 
upon  the  Secretary's  face,  but  had  severely  if  not  mor- 
tally wounded  Frederick  Seward,  his  skull  being  fractured. 

The  assassin  at  the  Seward  mansion  was  unrecognized, 
but  the  wretch  who  fired  the  shot  which  made  the  Presi- 
dent a  martyr  was  distinctly  identified  by  several  actors 
and  attendants  at  the  theater  as  John  Wilkes  Booth,  an 
actor  of  some  reputation,  and  a  son  of  the  distinguished 
tragedian,  Junius  Brutus  Booth.  His  hat,  which  he  left 
in  the  President's  box,  and  a  spur,  which  fell  as  he 
sprang  upon  the  stage,  were  identified  as  his  property. 

The  police  force  of  Washington  was  promptly  aroused 
and  put  actively  at  work,  and  every  road  leading  out  of 
the  city  was  immediately  picketed,  but  the  only  tidings 
gained  of  the  assassin  were  that  Booth  had  escaped  upon 
a  horse  which  was  held  in  waiting  for  him  by  a  boy  in  an 
alley  near  the  theater. 

The  following  day  arrests  were  made  of  several  per- 
sons in  Washington  upon  suspicion  of  complicity  with 
the  assassination,  and  liberal  rewards  were  advertised 
for  the  capture  of  Booth. 

THE    ARREST. 

A  large  detective  force,  together  with  numerous  de- 
achment^of  cavalry  and  infantry,  were,  on  Saturday, 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  103 

the  15th,  quietly  but  industriously  employed.  For  a  few 
days  the  information  seemed  doubtful  and  conflicting, 
and  the  different  heads  of  the  respective  forces  were 
divided  in  opinion  as  to  the  direction  of  Booth's  escape. 
Evidence  began  to  multiply,  however,  that  Booth,  in  com- 
pany with  some  accomplice,  had  passed  over  what  is 
known  as  the  Navy  Yard  Bridge  across  the  eastern 
branch  of  the  Potomac,  in  the  southeastern  section  of  the 
city,  before  it  was  guarded  by  the  troops  after  the  alarm 
had  been  given  of  the  assassination. 

Parties  familiar  with  the  counties  of  Prince  George, 
Charles,  and  St.  Mary's,  gave  information  to  the  proper 
authorities  to  the  effect  that  Booth  had  spent  much  time 
in  Charles  county ;  that  he  had  been  in  correspondence 
with  people  residing  there ;  that  it  was  known  that 
nearly  all  of  them  were  avowed  opponents  of  the  Gov- 
ernment, and  sympathizers  with  rebellion. 

Col.  C.  L.  Baker's  detectives  and  others,  and  the  cav- 
alry, therefore  directed  their  attention  to  the  section 
named,  and  soon  secured  a  clue  of  the  way  Booth  was 
trying  to  escape.  On  Saturday  morning,  April  15,  after 
riding  hard  all  night,  to  about  thirty  or  thirty-five  miles 
from  Washington,  near  Bogantown,  Charles  county,  Mary- 
land, Booth,  accompanied  by  David  C.  Harrold,  a  young 
man  of  Washington,  who  had  been  a  familiar  associate,  was 
taken  to  Dr.  Mudd,  living  in  that  vicinity,  to  have  one  of 
his  legs  attended,  which  they  represented  had  either  been 
badly  fractured  or  bruised  by  being  thrown  or  having 
fallen  from  a  horse.  He  remained  several  hours,  his  leg 
swelling  so  that  he  could  not  wear  a  boot,  but  mani- 
festing a  great  desire  to  push  on  toward  the  Potomac.  It 
afterward  appeared  that  this  fracture  of  his  leg  was 
caused  by  the  jump  from  the  box  to  the  stage,  after 
firing  the  fatal  shot. 


104  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

The  detectives  and  cavalry  hearing  that  two  strangers 
had  visited  Dr.  Mudd's  house  early  on  that  morning,  pro- 
ceeded there  two  or  three  days  after,  and  took  the  Doc- 
tor and  all  his  family  into  custody.  In  the  house  was 
found  the  boot  left  there  by  Booth,  and  inside  of  the  boot 
leg  was  the  name  of  Booth,  written  in  ink  by  the  maker. 

From  there  Col.  Baker  and  Marshal  Maroy,  detectives, 
tracked  Booth  and  Harrold  toward  the  Potomac.  They 
made  arrests  at  certain  places  of  people  where  the  two 
villains  were  harbored  from  day  to  day  and  night.  At 
some  portions  of  the  chase  the  officers  were  not  more 
than  an  hour  or  two  behind  them.  The  assassins  were 
aided  in  their  escape  in  various  ways  by  the  rebel  sym- 
pathizers, so  numerous  in  lower  Maryland.  The  officers 
were  confident  that  Booth  and  Harrold  could  not  get 
across  the  Potomac.  The  gunboats  patroled  it  in  the 
day  time  within  sight  of  each  other,  and  at  night  used 
great  Drummond  lights  to  render  the  surface  of  the  river 
almost  as  bright  as  day.  Besides  all  of  these  precau- 
tions, it  was  known  that  the  Potomac  flotilla  had  de- 
stroyed all  the  small  boats  on  both  shores  of  the  Po- 
tomac, so  as  to  prevent  spies,  deserters,  and  blockade 
runners  from  crossing  either  way.  Now  and  then  some 
man  managed  to  hide  a  boat,  but  he  was  soon  detected 
and  the  boat  destroyed,  and  the  owner  generally  arrested. 

In  addition,  however,  to  all  these  precautions,  Col.  Ba- 
ker had  cavalry  detailed  on  the  Virginia  side.  They 
were  landed  at  Belle  Plain,  at  the  mouth  of  Potomac 
creek,  near  Fredericksburg,  Virginia,  with  instructions 
to  look  out  for  any  suspicious  persons  on  that  side  of  the 
Potomac  river. 

In  the  meantime  Booth  and  Harrold  were  making  their 
way  toward  the  Potomac.  Either  from  the  vigilance  of 
the  officers,  or  because  of  Booth's  fractured  leg,  and 


LINCOLN   MEMORIAL.  105 

probably  from  both  causes,  their  progress  was  slow  after 
they  left  Mudd's  house  at  Bogantown.  They  were  one 
week  crossing  the  tributaries  of  the  Great  Wycomico 
river  to  the  place  called  Swan  Point.  While  near  Swan 
Point  the  detectives  were  very  close  on  the  heels  of  the 
fleeing  men.  Had  they  been  familiar  with  the  roads  and 
swamps,  or  had  they  received  aid  from  the  inhabitants, 
it  is  not  believed  that  the  fugitives  could  have  reached 
the  Potomac  river.  It  is  supposed  that  on  Sunday,  the 
23d,  during  the  night,  they  crossed  the  Potomac  in  a 
canoe,  for  which  they  paid  a  very  large  sum  to  its  owner 
to  ferry  them  across. 

Meanwhile  the  pursuing  forces  on  the  Virginia  side  of 
the  Potomac  were  watchful.  They  consisted  of  a  de- 
tachment of  twenty-six  men  of  Company  D,  16th  New 
York  Cavalry,  commanded  by  Lieut.  Dougherty,  accom- 
panied by  two  of  Col.  Baker's  experienced  detectives. 
The  cavalry  landed  at  Belle  Plain  in  the  night  and  imme- 
diately started  out  in  pursuit  of  Booth  and  his  associate, 
having  previously  ascertained  from  a  colored  man  that 
they  had  crossed  the  river  into  Virginia  at  Swan  Point. 
The  cavalry  crossed  the  Eappahannock  at  Fredericks- 
burg,  and  moved  down  the  Bowling  Green  road,  and  then 
over  to  Port  Royal.  There  they  obtained  news  of  Booth 
from  an  old  colored  man,  who  said  that  four  men,  in  com- 
pany with  a  rebel  Captain,  had  crossed  the  Rappahan- 
iiock  a  short  time  previous,  going  in  the  direction  of 
Bowling  Green,  and  added  that  the  Captain  would  proba- 
bly be  found  at  that  place,  as  he  was  courting  a  young 
lady  there.  The  Captain  was  found  at  the  hotel  in  Bowl- 
ing Green  and  taken  in  custody.  From  him  it  was  ascer- 
tained that  Booth  and  Harrold  were  at  the  house  of  John 
and  William  Garratt,  three  miles  back  toward  Port  Royal, 
6 


106  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

:md  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  road  passed  by 
the  cavalry.  Eeturning,  they  arrived  at  Garratt's  house 
about  three  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  26th.  The 
cavalrymen  were  posted  around  it  by  Lieut.  Baker,  a 
brother  of  Col.  L.  C.  Baker,  and  Lieut.  Conger,  of  Col. 
Baker's  force.  The  two  detectives  accompanying  the 
cavalry  went  to  Garratt's  house  and  obtained  from  one 
of  the  Garratt's  a  reluctant  confession  that  the  criminals 
were  in  the  barn.  Going  to  the  barn,  Baker  knocked  on 
the  door  with  the  butt  of  his  revolver,  at  the  same  time 
saying,  "  Booth,  we  want  you." 

**  Here  I  am,"  replied  Booth ;  "  who  are  you,  Confed- 
erate or  Yankee  *?" 

Lieutenant  Baker  informed  him  who  he  was,  and  de- 
manded his  surrender,  but  met  with  a  flat  refusal.  Quite 
;i  parley  ensued,  Harrold  at  one  time  expressing  a  desire 
to  surrender,  but  Booth  told  him  that  he  was  a  coward. 
Booth  could  see  the  party  outside  through  the  cracks  of 
the  barn.  They  could  see  nothing  of  him.  He  swore  not 
to  be  taken  alive,  and  declared  that  he  could  kill  five  men 
and  then  kill  himself  should  they  attempt  to  break  into 
the  barn. 

Lieutenant  Baker,  fearing  that  guerrillas  and  paroled 
.ioldiers,  with  whom  the  country  swarmed,  might  come  to 
the  rescue,  posted  cavalrymen  at  the  end  of  the  barn, 
which  was  filled  with  hay,  a  portion  of  which  was  pulled 
through  a  crack  and  lighted.  The  flames  ran  up  the 
crack  to  the  top  of  the  hay-mow,  over  which  they  spread. 
When  Booth  saw  the  fire,  he  climbed  up  on  the  mow,  and 
vainly  attempted  to  extinguish  it.  He  then  returned  to 
liis  position  on  the  floor,  between  two  barn  doors,  with 
his  back  against  the  hay- mow,  and  with  two  revolvers  in 
liis  hands. 

Meanwhile  the  soldiers  approached  the  barn,  and  Har- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  107 

rold  started  with  his  pistol  to  surrender.  Booth,  with 
terrible  oaths,  denounced  his  cowardice.  Harrold,  in  re- 
turn, implored  Booth  to  give  up,  dropped  his  arms  and 
rushed  out  of  the  barn.  Booth  then  proposed  to  fight 
each  man  singly,  at  thirty  paces,  and  declared  that  the 
first  man  who  came  near  he  would  shoot. 

At  this  moment — fifteen  minutes  past  4  o'clock — Ser- 
geant Boston  Corbett,  Company  I,  16th  New  York  Cav- 
alry, had  a  sight  of  him  through  a  crack,  and  drawing 
his  cavalry  six-shooter,  fired,  and  Booth  fell  over,  holding 
in  each  hand  a  six-barreled  revolver.  Detectives  Conger 
and  Baker,  and  Lieutenant  Dougherty  and  Sergeant  Cor- 
bett rushed  into  the  barn  and  brought  Booth  out.  The 
ball  had  entered  the  back  part  of  his  neck  and  passed 
entirely  through  his  head. 

He  was  still  conscious.  Detective  Baker  laid  Booth 
on  the  ground  and  held  his  head  in  his  lap.  "  It's  all  up 
now,  I  am  gone,"  he  pensively  articulated.  Booth  did 
not  deny  killing  the  President,  but  showed  no  signs  of 
repentance  or  humility.  To  Lieutenant  Dougherty  he 
said,  "  Tell  my  mother  I  died  in  defense  of  my  country." 

His  death  was  not  easy;  at  three  minutes  past  7 
o'clock,  April  26,  the  assassin  of  Abraham  Lincoln 
breathed  his  last  in  a  country  barn-yard.  The  body 
was  taken  to  Washington,  identified,  and  secretly  bu- 
ried. Harrold  was  lodged  in  old  Capitol  Prison. 
. 

THE  NATION  IN  MOURNING. 

When  on  the  morning  of  April  15th,  by  telegrams  to 
the  newspapers,  and  by  official  dispatches  from  the  Secre- 
tary of  War,  the  news,  that  the  President  had  been  mur- 
dered, and  that  a  plot  to  murder  other  prominent  Govern- 
ment officers  had  been  frustrated  only  by  accident,  was 
communicated  to  the  people,  the  nation's  joy  was  turned 


108  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

to  mourning.  Flags  which  had  been  hung  out  as  tokens 
of  rejoicing  were  draped  in  mourning — business  was  sus- 
pended— emblems  of  sorrow  were  displayed  on  nearly 
every  dwelling-house  in  the  loyal  States,  and  public  meet- 
ings— spontaneous  gatherings  of  the  people — expressive 
of  unfeigned  regret  and  intense  indignation,  were  held  in 
a  large  majority  of  their  cities,  towns  and  villages.  A 
meeting  of  Congressmen  and  others  was  convened  at  the 
Capitol  on  Monday,  April  17,  1865,  at  noon.  The  Hon. 
Lafayette  S.  Foster,  of  Connecticut,  President  pro  tern, 
of  the  Senate,  was  called  to  the  Chair,  and  Hon.  Schuyler 
Colfax  was  chosen  Secretary. 

On  motion  of  Senator  Sumner,  of  Massachusetts,  a 
Committee  of  five  members  from  each  house  was  ordered 
to  report  at  four  o'clock  in  the  afternoon,  what  action 
was  fitting  for  a  meeting  relative  to  arrangements  for  the 
funeral  of  the  deceased  President. 

The  Chairman  appointed  Senators  Sumner,  Harris, 
Johnson,  Eamsey  and  Conness,  and  Eepresentatives 
Washburn,  Smith,  Schenck,  Pike  and  Coffroth ;  and,  on 
motion  of  Mr.  Schenck,  the  Chairman  and  Secretary  of 
the  meeting  were  added  to  the  Committee. 

The  meeting  then  adjourned  until  4  P.  M. 

The  meeting  again  convened,  pursuant  to  adjournment. 
Mr.  Sumner,  from  the  Committee  heretofore  appointed, 
reported  that  they  had  selected  as  pall-bearers,  on  the 
part  of  the  Senate,  Messrs.  Foster,  Morgan,  Johnson, 
Yates,  Wade  and  Conness ;  on  the  part  of  the  House, 
Messrs.  Dawes,  Coffroth,  Smith,  Colfax,  Worthington, 
and  Washburne. 

They  recommended  the  appointment  of  one  member  of 
Congress,  from  each  State  and  Territory,  to  act  as  Con- 
gressional Committee,  to  accompany  the  remains  of  the 
late  President  to  Illinois;  and  presented  the  following 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  109 

names  as  the  Committee,  the  Chairman  of  the  meeting  to 
have  authority  to  appoint,  hereafter,  for  States  and  Ter- 
ritories, not  represented  to-day,  from  which  members  may 
be  present  at  the  Capitol  by  the  day  of  the  funeral : 

Maine,  Mr.  Pike ;  New  Hampshire,  Mr.  Eollins ;  Mas- 
sachusetts, Mr.  Sumner;  Vermont,  Mr.  Foote;  Ehode 
Island,  Mr.  Anthony ;  Connecticut,  Mr.  Dixon;  New 
York,  Mr.  Harris ;  Pennsylvania,  Mr.  Cowan ;  Ohio,  Mr. 
Schenck;  Kentucky,  Mr.  Smith;  Indiana,  Mr.  Julian; 
Illinois,  Delegation;  Michigan,  Mr.  Chandler;  Wisconsin, 

;  California,  Mr.  Shannon ;  Minnesota,  Mr.  Ramsey ; 

Oregon,  Mr.  Williams ;  Kansas,  Mr.  Clarke ;  West  Vir- 
ginia, Mr.  Willey;  Nevada,  Mr.  Nye;  Nebraska,  Mr. 
Hitchcock ;  Colorado,  Mr.  Bradford ;  Dakota,  Mr.  Tweed ; 
Idaho,  Mr.  Wallace. 

The  Committee  recommended  that  the  following  reso- 
lution be  adopted : 

.  Resolved,  That  the  Sergeants-at-Arms  of  the  Senate 
and  House,  with  their  respective  assistants,  be  requested 
to  attend  the  Committee  accompanying  the  remains  of 
our  late  President,  and  make  all  necessary  arrangements. 

All  of  which  was  concurred  in  unanimously. 

Mr.  Sumner,  from  the  Committee,  also  reported  the  fol- 
lowing, which  was  agreed  to : 

The  members  of  the  Senate  and  House  now  assembled 
in  Washington,  humbly  confessing  their  dependence  upon 
Almighty  God,  who  rules  all  that  is  done  for  human  good, 
make  haste,  at  this  informal  meeting,  to  express  the  emo- 
tions with  which  they  have  been  filled  by  the  appalling 
tragedy,  which  has  deprived  the  nation  of  its  head,  and 
covered  the  land  with  mourning  ;  and  in  further  declara- 
tion of  their  sentiments,  unanimously 

Resolved,  That  in  testimony  of  their  veneration  and 
affection  for  the  illustrious  dead,  who  has  been  permitted, 


110  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

under  Providence,  to  do  so  much  for  his  country  and  for 
liberty,  they  will  attend  his  funeral  services,  and  by  an 
appropriate  committee  will  accompany  his  remains  to 
their  place  of  burial,  in  the  State  for  which  he  was  taken 
for  national  service. 

/r  »K    rTHB  BODY  IN  STATE  AT  THE  WHITE  HOUSE. 

On  the  18th  of  April  arrangements  were  completed 
•which  permitted  the  people  of  the  District  of  Columbia 
to  pay  their  last  personal  tokens  of  respect  and  affection 
to  the  martyred  President.  The  body,  which  had  been 
embalmed,  lay  then  in  state  at  the  White  House.  It  had 
been  publicly  announced  that  the  doors  would  not  be 
opened  till  10  o'clock  that  morning,  but  the  Crowd  began 
to  gather  at  the  gates  by  8:30,' and  by  9:30  the  line,  four 
and  six  persons  deep,  was  nearly  a  quarter  of  a  mile  long. 
The  arrangements  at  the  house  for  entrance  and  exit  were : 
entrance  at  the  main  door;  thence  to  the  Green  Boom, 
thence  to  the  East  Boom,  and  out  at  the  window  by  the 
customary  steps.  It  was  estimated  that  25,000  persons 
passed  through  the  rooms,  and  that  half  as  many  more, 
seeing  the  immense  throng,  left  without  trying  to  get  in. 
The  approaches  were  guarded  by  a  battalion  of  Veteran 
Reserves.  The  East  Boom,  in  which  the  remains  were 
laid,  was  decorated  in  mourning,  under  the  supervision 
of  Mr.  John  Alexander. .  The  windows  at  either  end  of 
the  room  were  draped  with  black  barege,  the  frames  of 
the  mirrors  between  the  windows,  as  well  as  those  over 
the  marble  mantles,  being  heavily  draped  with  the  same 
material.  The  heavy  gildings  of  the  frames  were  entirely 
enshrouded,  wnile  the  plates  of  the  mirrors  were  covered 
with  white  crape.  The  chandeliers  at  the  western  and 
southern  ends  of  the  room  were  also  draped  with  mourn- 
ing— the  central  chandelier  having  been  removed  to  make 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  Ill 

room  for  the  catafalque.  This  was  very  handsome ;  the 
dais  or  platform,  on  which  the  coffin  rested,  was  raised 
three  feet  from  the  floor,  and  covered  with  evergreens 
and  japonicas. 

The  corpse  was  in  charge  of  army  and  navy  officers. 
A  limited  number  of  persons  were  admitted  to  the  hous  • 
at  a  time,  and  these  were  required  to  pass  through  as 
rapidly  as  was  consistent  with  decency  and  propriety. 
The  expressions  and  appearance  of  the  people,  as  they 
looked -for  the  last  time  on  the  face  of  the  honored  dead, 
were  conclusive,  as  a  reporter  for  the  New  Yorlc  Time* 
declared  that  the  great  majority  regarded  the  President' ,s 
death  as  a  personal  and  individual  loss,  as  well  as  a  na- 
tional calamity.  Hundreds  addressed  words  of  fareweH 
to  the  cold  and  inanimate  body ;  and  thousands  passe*  I 
from  the  platform  with  weeping  eyes.  Every  class,  racv 
and  condition  of  society  was  represented  in  the  throng  of 
mourners,  and  the  sad  tears  and  farewells  of  whites  an; I 
blacks  were  mingled  by  the  coffin  of  him  to  whom  human 
ity  was  everywhere  the  same.  The  most  touching  exhi- 
bitions of  sorrow  were  made  by  many  whose  dress  marked 
them  as  of  the  poorer  classes  of  society.  "  He  was  th  • 
poor  man's  friend,"  was  a  very  common  remark. 

The  vast  throng  outside,  as  well  as  inside,  was  quiet, 
orderly  and  reverent,  all  day,  though  two  to  three  houv^ 
was  the  average  period  of  waiting  for  admission,  and 
many  waited  even  five  and  six  hours. 

The  clerks  of  each  of  the  public  departments  were  mar- 
shalled at  11  o'clock,  under  their  respective  heads  of 
bureaus,  and  marched  iu  grand  and  solemn  processio  i 
into  the  White  House  andjmst  the  body  in  the  east  room. 

The  features  of  Mr.  Lincoln  retained  their  sweet,  placi<\ 
natural  expression,  and  the  discoloration  caused  by  tli" 
wound  was  so  slight  as  not  to  amount  to  a  disfiguremen  . 


LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

A  silver  plate  upon  the  coffin  over  the  breast  bore  the 
following  inscription : 

ABRAHAM  LINCOLN, 

SIXTEENTH   PRESIDENT   OF   THE   UNITED   STATES, 

Born  July  12,  1809, 
Died   April   15,   1865. 

PREPARATIONS  FOR    THE  FUNERAL. 

Upon  consultation  between  the  President,  members  of 
the  Cabinet  and  of  Congress,  it  was  determined  that  the 
funeral  obsequies  at  the  Capital  should  be  observed  on 
the  19th  of  April.  The  acting  Secretary  of  State  accord- 
ingly issued  the  following  address : 

'•  To  the  People  of  the  United  States: 

"  The  undersigned  is  directed  to  announce  that  the 
funeral  ceremonies  of  the  lamented  Chief  Magistrate  will 
take  place  at  the  Executive  Mansion,  in  this  city,  at  12 
o'clock  noon  on  Wednesday,  the  19th  instant. 

"  The  various  religious  denominations  throughout  the 
country  are  invited  to  meet  in  their  respective  places  of 
worship  at  that  hour  for  the  purpose  of  solemnizing  the 
occasion  with  appropriate  ceremonies. 

"  (Signed)  W.  HUOTEK, 

"  Acting  Secretary  of  State. 

"  DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE,  WASHINGTON,  April  17, 1865." 

The  general  arrangements  for  the  exercises  were  com- 
mitted to  Assistant  Secretary  Harrington,  of  the  Treasury 
Department,  assisted  by  Maj.  B.  B.  French,  Commissioner 
of  Public  Buildings,  Gen.  Augur  having  command  of  the 
military  escort. 

Orders  were  issued  by  the  heads  of  the  various  de 
partments  respecting  the  observance  of  the  solemn  occa- 
sion. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  113 

That  the  Navy  Department  be  closed  and  work  sus- 
pended in  all  navy-yards  and  naval  stations,  and  on  all 
vessels  of  the  United  States.  The  flags  of  all  vessels 
and  at  all  the  navy-yards  and  stations  and  marine  bar- 
racks, to  be  kept  at  half-mast  during  the  day ;  and  at 
12  o'clock  M.,  twenty-one  minute  guns  to  be  fired  by  the 
senior  officer  of  each  squadron  and  the  commandants  of 
each  of  the  navy-yards  and  stations.  Vice- Admiral  D. 
G.  Farragut  and  Eear- Admiral  Wm.  B.  Shubrick  were 
designated  to  make  the  necessary  arrangements  on  the 
part  of  the  navy  and  marine  corps  for  attending  the 
funeral. 

That  the  State  Department  be  closed,  and  Acting  Sec- 
retary Hunter  directed  that  all  persons  subject  to  the 
orders  of  the  department  wear  crape  for  six  months  upon 
the  left  arm. 

The  Postmaster- General  directed  that  all  the  post- 
offices  in  the  United  States  be  closed  from  11  till  3,  and 
that  all  work  therein  be  suspended. 

Secretary  Usher  directed  that  the  Interior  Department 
be  closed ;  and  sent  orders  to  the  various  Indian  agencies, 
land  offices,  pension  agencies,  etc.,  in  connection  with 
his  department,  for  a  proper  observance  of  the  day  by  a 
suspension  of  all  business. 

The  Treasury  Department  was  ordered  to  be  closed, 
and  Secretary  McCulloch  communicated  to  the  various 
sub-treasuries  his  patriotic  wishes  and  desires. 

The  Secretary  of  War  and  Lieut.-Gen.  Grant  directed 
that  the  headquarters  of  every  department,  post,  station, 
fort  and  arsenal  be  draped  in  mourning  for  thirty  days, 
and  appropriate  funeral  honors  be  paid  by  every  army  in 
every  department,  and  at  every  military  post,  and  at  the 
Military  Academy  at  West  Point,  to  the  memory  of  the 
late  illustrious  Chief  Magistrate  of  the  nation,  and  Com- 


114  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

mander-in-Chief  of  its  armies ;  and  that  the  officers  of 
the  armies  of  the  United  States  wear  the  badge  of  mourn- 
ing on  their  left  arm,  and  on  their  swords,  and  the  colors 
of  their  commands  and  regiments  to  be  put  in  mourning 
for  the  peried  of  six  months ;  and  further,  that  on  Wed- 
nesday, the  19th,  the  national  flag  be  everywhere  dis- 
played at  half-mast,  and  at  dawn  thirteen  guns  be  fired 
at  every  fort,  arsenal  and  station,  and  at  West  Point, 
and  afterwards  at  intervals  of  thirty  minutes,  between 
the  rising  and  setting  of  the  sun,  a  single  gun,  and  at 
the  close  of  the  day  a  national  salute  of  thirty-six  guns. 
The  order  of  the  funeral  ceremonies  was  decided  upon 
as  follows : 

Eeading  a  portion  of  the  Scriptures,  by  Rev.  Dr.  Hall. 

Opening  prayer,  by  Bishop  Simpson. 

Funeral  address,  by  Eev.  Dr.  Gurley. 

Closing  prayer,  by  Eev.  Dr.  Gray. 

The  corpse  to  be  conveyed  to  the  Capitol,  where  Dr. 
Gurley  would  repeat  the  service  and  pronounce  the  bene- 
diction. 

OFFICIAL,  PROGRAMME. 

Arrangements  at  Washington  for  the  funeral  solemnities  of  the  late 
Abraham  Lincoln,  President  of  the  United  States,  who  died  at  the 
seat  of  government,  on  Saturday,  the  15th  day  of  April,  1865  : 

WAR  DEPARTMENT, 

ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  OFFICE, 

WASHINGTON,  April  17,  1865. 

The  following  order  of  arrangements  is  directed : 

ORDER  OF  THE   PROCESSION. 

Funeral  Escort  in  Column  of  March. 

One  Eegiment  of  Cavalry. 
Two    Batteries    of   Artillery. 

Battalion  of  Marines. 
Two  Regiments  of  Infantry. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  115 

Commander  of  the  Escort  aud  Staff. 
Dismounted  Officers  of  the  Marine  Corps. 

Navy  and  Army  in  the  order  named. 
'Mounted  Officers  of  the  Marine  Corps. 

Navy  and  Army  in  the  order  named. 
All  Military  Officers  to  be  in  uniform,  with  side  arms. 

cmc  PROCESSION. 

Marshal. 

Clergy  in  attendance. 

Surgeon  General  of  the  United  States  and  Physicians  to  the  deceased. 
Pall  Bearers  on  the  part  of  the  Senate : 

Mr.  Foster,  of  Connecticut. 

^       Mr.  Morgan,  of  New  York. 

Mr.  Johnson,  of  Maryland. 

Mr.  Yates,  of  Illinois. 

Mr.  Wade,  of  Ohio. 

Mr.  Conness,  of  California. 

The  Hearse. 

Pall  Bearers  on  the  part  of  the  House  of  Representatives : 

Mr.  Davis,  of  Massachusetts;   Mr.  Coffroth,  of  Pennsylvania;   Mr. 

Smith,  of  Kentucky ;  Mr.  Colfax,  of  Indiana  ; 

Mr.  Worthington,  of  Navada ;  Mr. 

Washburne,  of  Illinois. 

Army. 

Lieutenant  General  U.  S.  Grant,  Major  General  H.  W.  Halleck,  Brig 
adier  General  W.  A.  Nichols. 

Navy. 

Vice  Admiral  D.  G.  Farragut,  Rear  Admiral  W.  B.  Shubrick,  Colonel 
Jacob  Zeiler,  of  the  Marine  Corps. 

Civilians. 

O.  H.  Browning,  George  Ashmun,  Thomas  Corwin,  Simon  Cameron. 

Family. 

Relatives. 

The  delegations  of  the  States  of  Illinois  and  Kentucky  as  mourners. 

The  President. 
The  Cabinet  Ministers. 
The  Diplomatic  Corps. 

Ex-Presidents. 
The  Chief  Justice  and  Associate  Justices  of  the  Supreme  Court. 


116  '1TJJ       LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

JE--.-I-  v 

The  Senate  of  the  United  States,  preceded  by  its  officers. 
The  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States,  preceded  by  its 

officers. 

Governors  of  the  several  States  and  Territories. 

Legislatures  of  the  several  States  and  Territories. 

The  Federal  Judiciary  and  the  Judiciary  of  the  several  States  and 

Territories. 

The  Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  Treasury,  War  and  Navy,  and  the 
Assistant  Postmasters  General,  and  the  Assistant 

Attorney  General. 

Officers  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 

The  Members  and  Officers  of  the  Sanitary  and  Christian  Commissions. 
Corporate  Authorities  of  Washington  and  other  cities. 

Delegations  of  the  several  States. 

The  Reverend  the  Clergy  of  the  various  denominations. 

The  Clerks  and  Employees  of  the  several  Departments  and  Bureaus, 

preceded  by  the  Bands  of  such  Bureaus  and 

their  respective  Chief  Clerks. 
Such  societies  as  may  wish  to  join  the  procession. 

Citizens  and  strangers. 

The  troops  designated  to  form  the  escort  will  assemble  in  the 
avenue  north  of  the  President's  House,  and  form  in  line  precisely  at 
eleven  o'clock  A.  M.  on  Wednesday,  the  19th  instant,  with  the  left 
resting  on  Fifteenth  street. 

The  procession  will  move  precisely  at  two  o'clock,  on  the  conclu 
sion  of  the  religious  services  at  the  Executive  Mansion,  appointed  to 
commence  at  twelve  o'clock,  noon,  when  minute  guns  will  be  fired 
by  detachments  of  artiDery  stationed  near  St.  John's  Church,  the 
City  Hall,  and  at  the  Capitol.  At  the  same  hour  the  bells  of  the 
several  churches  in  Washington,  Georgetown  and  Alexandria  will  be 
tolled. 

At  sunrise  on  Wednesday,  the  19th  instant,  a  federal  salute  will 
be  fired  from  the  military  stations  in  the  vicinity  of  Washington, 
minute  guns  between  the  hours  of  twelve  and  three  o'clock,  and  a 
national  salute  at  the  setting  of  the  sun. 

The  usual  badge  of  mourning  will  be  worn  on  the  left  arm  and  on 
the  hilt  of  the  sword. 

By  order  of  the  Secretary  of  War. 

W.  A.  NICHOLS, 

Assistant  Adjutant  General. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.       »  117 


THE  FTJNEHAL  AT  THE  CAPITAL. 

As  early  as  8  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  19th  of 
April,  people  began  to  throng  the  avenue,  and  by  11  o'clock 
many  thousands  were  assembled  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
departments  and  the  Executive  mansion.  The  avenue, 
between  Fifteenth  and  Seventeenth  streets,  was  kept 
clear  by  a  strong  guard  of  cavalry,  for  the  purpose  of 
forming  the  procession,  though  many  of  the  societies  had 
to  wait  on  the  side  streets  for  hours.  The  arrangements 
made  by  the  committee  were  carried  out  with  accuracy. 
No  one  was  allowed  to  enter  the  grounds  of  the  Execu- 
tive mansion  save  such  as  had  been  provided  with  tickets, 
which  included  enough,  however,  to  fill  the  great  east 
room,  where  the  body  lay  in  state.  It  was  intended  that 
the  attendance  upon  the  funeral  services  should  be  of  a 
highly  representative  character,  and  the  intention  was 
carried  out  with  great  success. 

At  about  11  o'clock  the  various  distinguished  bodies 
and  committees  began  to  arrive,  and  to  be  ushered  into 
their  appropriate  positions  in  the  east  room.  Several 
tiers  of  low  seats,  or  standing  places,  elevated  one  above 
another,  just  sufficient  to  give  all  a  good  view,  had  been 
erected  on  the  east  side  and  both  ends  of  the  room,  and 
all  covered  with  black  muslin.  On  the  west  side  of  the 
room,  against  the  door  leading  to  the  main  corridor,  were 
placed  fifteen  chairs,  all  draped,  which  were  especially 
reserved  by  the  arrangement  committee  for  the  use  of  the 
press.  This  grand  east  room  was  hung  with  black  every- 
where. All  glitter  and  gay  color,  save  in  the  carpet,  had 
been  covered  with  the  emblem  of  grief.  The  only  relief 
from  the  mournful  shade  which  met  the  eye  were  the 
white  silk  sashes  of  the  marshals  and  committees,  the 


118  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

rich  silver  ornamentation  of  the  coffin,  and  the  white 
japonicas,  roses  and  green  leaves,  which  shed  their  per- 
fume as  incense  over  the  dead. 

The  first  to  enter  were  the  officiating  clergymen,  Eev. 
Dr.  Hall,  Eector  of  the  Epiphany,  Bishop  Simpson,  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  Eev.  P.  D.  Gurley,  of  the 
New  York  Avenue  Presbyterian  Church,  the  President's 
Pastor,  and  Eev.  E.  H.  Gray,  Chaplain  of  the  Senate  and 
Pastor  of  the  E  street  Baptist  Church.  Soon  after  came 
the  merchants'  committee  of  New  York,  followed  by  the 
committee  of  the  Union  League.  They  took  position  on 
the  platform  at  the  north  end  of  the  room.  At  11:25  the 
Mayor  of  Washington  and  the  Common  Council  entered, 
escorting  the  committee  of  the  New  York  Common  Coun- 
cil ;  also,  Mayor  Lincoln  and  a  committee  from  Boston, 
and  a  like  committee  from  Philadelphia.  Then  came  the 
officers  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Eepresentatives,  who 
took  appropriate  positions ;  the  officers  and  members  of 
the  Christian  and  Sanitary  Commissions ;  the  Assistant 
Secretaries ;  the  delegations  from  Kentucky  and  Illinois, 
the  States  of  the  President's  birth  and  residence,  who 
were  designated  as  mourners ;  Gov.  Fenton  of  New  York, 
Andrew  of  Massachusetts,  Parker  of  New  Jersey,  Brough 
of  Ohio,  Oglesby  of  Illinois,  Buckingham  of  Connecticut, 
and  their  staffs ;  the  diplomatic  corps  in  full  court  dress ; 
the  members  of  the  Senate  and  House  of  Eepresentatives ; 
Admirals  Gregory,  Porter,  Shubrick,  and  Goldsborough ; 
the  Supreme  Court  in  the  persons  of  Chief  Justice  Chase, 
Nelson,  Davis,  and  Swayne ;  ex- Vice-President  Hamlin ; 
the  pall-bearers,  twenty-two  in  number,  then  Grant  and 
Farragut,  arm  in  arm,  Burnside  and  Hunter,  Gen.  Dyer 
of  the  Ordnance  Department,  six  lady  mourners,  the 
only  ladies  present,  save  one  or  two  of  the  nurses  of  the 


LINCOLN  MEMOK1AL.  119 

household,  Mrs.  Stanton,  Mrs.  Usher,  Mrs.  Welles,  Mrs. 
Dennison,  Mrs.  Sprague,  and  Miss  Nettie  Chase. 

At  12  o'clock  President  Johnson,  escorted  by  the  ven- 
erable Preston  King  and  the  members  of  the  Cabinet, 
entered  and  took  their  places  on  the  right  of  the  coffin. 
Private  Secretaries  Mcolay  and  Hay,  and  Capt.  Eobert 
Lincoln,  the  President's  oldest  son,  and  only  member  of 
the  family  present,  then  Gen.  Todd,  of  Dakotah,  and 
relatives  of  the  family,  who  were  seated  near  the  foot  of 
the  catafalque. 

The  room  was  now  full.  The  attendants  upon  the  cere- 
monies had  all  arrived,  and  the  scene  was  of  a  very  im- 
posing character. 

At  ten  minutes  past  12,  Kev.  Mr.  Hall  opened  the  ser- 
vices by  reading  from  the  Episcopal  burial  service  as 
follows : 

"  *  I  am  the  resurrection  and  the  life,  saith  the  Lord ;  he 
that  believeth  in  me,  though  he  were  dead,  yet  shall  he 
live ;  and  whosoever  liveth  and  believeth  in  me  shall 
never  die.' — John  xi.,  25,  26. 

" « I  know  that  my  Eedeemer  liveth,  and  that  He  shall 
stand  at  the  latter  day  upon  the  earth,  and  though  after 
my  skin  worms  destroy  this  body,  yet  in  my  flesh  shall  I 
see  God,  whom  I  shall  see  for  myself,  and  mine  eyes  shall 
behold,  and  not  another.' — Job.  xix.,  25,  26,  27. 

"  We  brought  nothing  into  this  world,  and  it  is  certain 
we  can  carry  nothing  out.  '  The  Lord  gave  and  the  Lord 
hath  taken  away.  Blessed  be  the  name  of  the  Lord.' — 
I.  Tim.  vi.,  6;  Job.  i,  21. 

"Lord,  let  me  know  my  end  and  the  number  of  my 
days,  that  I  may  be  certified  how  long  I  have  to  live. 
Behold  Thou  hast  made  my  days  as  it  were  but  a  span 
long,  and  mine  age  is  even  as  nothing  in  respect  oi  Thee. 


120  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

And  verily  every  man  living  is  altogether  vanity;  for 
man  walketh  in  a  vain  shadow,  and  disquieteth  himself 
in  vain.    He  heapeth  up  riches,  and  cannot  tell  who  shall 
gather  them.    And  now,  Lord,  what  is  my  hope  1    Truly 
my  hope  is  ever  in  Thee ;  deliver  me  from  all  my  offences, 
and  make  me  not  a  rebuke  unto  the  foolish.    When  Thou, 
with  rebukes,  doth  chasten  man  for  sin,  Thou  makest  his 
beauty  to  consume  away,  like  as  it  were  a  moth  fretting 
a  garment.     Every  man  is,  therefore,  but  vanity.    Hear 
my  prayer,  O  Lord,  and  with  Thine  ears  consider  my 
calling.    Hold  not  Thy  peace  at  my  tears,  for  I  am  a 
stranger  with  Thee,  and  a  sojourner,  as  all  my  fathers 
were.    O,   spare  me  a  little,  that  I  may  recover  my 
strength  before  I  go  hence  and  be  no  more  seen.    Lord, 
Thou  hast  been  our  refuge  from  one  generation  to  another. 
Before  the  mountains  were  brought  forth  or  even  the 
earth  and  the  world  were  made,  thou  art  God  from  ever- 
lasting and  world  without  end.    Thou  turnest  man  to  de- 
struction ;  again  thou  sayest,  come  again,  ye  children  of 
men,  for  a  thousand  years  in  thy  sight  are  but  as  yester- 
day, seeing  that  it  is  past  as  a  watch  in  the  night.    As 
soon  as  thou  scatterest  them,  they  are  even  as  sheep  and 
fade  away  suddenly  like  the  grass.    In  the  morning  it  is 
green  and  groweth  up,  but  in  the  evening  it  is  cut  down, 
dried  up  and  withered.    For  we  consume  away  in  Thy 
displeasure,  and  are  afraid  at  Thy  wrathful  indignation. 
Thou  hast  set  our  misdeeds  before  Thee,  and  our  secret 
sins  in  the  light  of  Thy  countenance ;  for  when  Thou  art 
angry  all  our  days  are  gone.    We  bring  our  years  to  an 
end  as  it  were  a  tale  that  is  told.    The  days  of  our  age 
are  threescore  years  and  ten,  and  though  men  be  so  strong 
that  they  come  to  fourscore  years,  yet  is  their  strength 
then  but  labor  and  sorrow,  so  soon  passeth  it  away,  and 
we  are  gone.     So  teach  us  to  number  our  days  that  we 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  121 

may  apply  our  hearts  unto  wisdom.  Glory  be  to  the 
Father  and  to  the  Son  and  to  the  Holy  Ghost;  as  it  w;is 
in  the  beginning,  is  now,  and  ever  shall  be,  world  without 
end.  Amen." 

Then  was  read  the  lesson  from  the  15th  chapter  of  St. 
Paul  to  the  Corinthians,  beginning  with  the  20th  verse. 

Eight  Eev.  Bishop  Simpson,  of  the  Methodist  Episco- 
pal Church,  then  offered  an  affecting  prayer,  after  which 
Eev.  Dr.  Gurley,  of  the  New  York  Avenue  Presbyterian 
Church,  in  which  the  deceased  President  had  worshipped, 
delivered  the  following  funeral  sermon  : 

DR.  GTTRLEY'S  SERMON. 

"  As  we  stand  here  to-day,  mourners  around  this  cofiiu 
and  around  the  lifeless  remains  of  our  beloved  Chief 
Magistrate,  we  recognize  and  we  adore  the  sovereignty 
of  God.  His  throne  is  in  the  heavens,  and  His  kingdom 
ruleth  over  all.  He  hath  done  and  He  hath  permitted  to 
be  done  whatsoever  He  pleased.  Clouds  and  darkness 
are  round  about  Him  ;  righteousness  and  judgment  P.  re 
the  habitation  of  His  throne.  His  way  is  in  the  sea,  and 
His  path  in  the  great  waters,  and  His  footsteps  are  B  ot 
known.  Canst  thou  by  searching  find  out  God  1  Caust 
thou  find  out  the  Almighty  unto  perfection  1  It  is  as 
high  as  Heaven— what  canst  thou  do?  Deeper  th.m 
Hell — what  canst  thou  know  ?  The  measure  thereof  is 
longer  than  the  earth  and  broader  than  the  sea.  If  I  fo 
cut  off  and  shut  up,  or  gather  together,  then  who  can 
hinder  Him — for  He  knoweth  vain  men,  He  seeth  wick- 
edness :  also  will  He  not  then  consider  it !  We  bow  be- 
fore His  Infinite  Majesty — we  bow,  we  weep,  we  worship. 
There  reason  fails  with  all  her  powers — there  faith  pre- 
vails and  love  adores.  It  was  a  cruel,  cruel  hand,  that 
6* 


122  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

dark  hand  of  the  assassin,  which  smote  our  honored 
wise,  and  noble  President,  and  filled  the  land  with  sor- 
row. But  above  and  beyond  that  hand,  there  is  another, 
which  we  must  see  and  acknowledge.  It  is  the  chasten- 
ing hand  of  a  wise  and  faithful  Father.  He  gives  us 
this  bitter  cup,  and  the  cup  that  our  Father  has  given  us 
shall  we  not  drink  it  1 

God  of  the  just,  Thou  givest  us  the  cup, 
We  yield  to  Thy  behest,  and  drink  it  up. 

"'Whom  the  Lord  loveth,  he  chasteneth.'  Oh,  how 
these  blessed  words  have  cheered  and  strengthened  and 
sustained  us  through  all  these  long  and  weary  years  of 
civil  strife,  while  our  friends  and  brothers  on  so  many 
ensanguined  fields  were  falling  and  dying  for  the  cause 
of  Liberty  and  Union.  Let  them  cheer  and  strengthen 
and  sustain  us  to-day.  True,  this  new  sorrow  and  chast- 
ening has  come  in  such  an  hour  and  in  such  a  way  as  we 
thought  not,  and  it  bears  the  impress  of  a  rod  that  is 
very  heavy,  of  mystery  that  is  very  deep,  that  such  a  life 
should  be  sacrificed  at  such  a  time,  by  such  a  foul  and 
diabolical  agency  ;  that  the  man  at  the  head  of  the  na- 
tion, whom  the  people  had  learned  to  trust  with  a  con- 
fiding and  loving  confidence,  and  upon  whom  more  than 
upon  any  other  were  centered,  under  God,  our  best  hopes 
for  the  true  and  speedy  pacification  of  the  country,  the 
restoration  of  the  TJnion,  and  the  return  of  harmony  and 
love — that  he  should  be  taken  from  among  us,  and  taken 
just  as  the  prospect  of  peace  was  brightly  opening  upon 
our  torn  and  bleeding  country,  and  just  as  he  was  begin- 
ning to  be  animated  and  gladdened  with  the  hope  of  ere 
long  enjoying  with  the  people  the  blessed  fruit  and  re- 
ward of  his  and  their  toils,  care  and  patience,  and  self- 
sacrificing  devotion  to  the  interests  of  Liberty  and  the 
Union.  Oh,  it  is  a  mysterious  and  a  most  afflicting  vis- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  123 

itation.  But  it  is  our  Father  in  Heaven,  the  God  of  our 
fathers  and  our  God,  who  permits  us  to  be  so  suddenly 
and  sorely  smitten,  and  we  know  that  His  judgments  are 
right,  and  that  in  faithfulness  He  has  afflicted  us  in  the 
midst  of  our  rejoicings.  We  needed  this  stroke,  this 
dealing,  this  discipline,  and  therefore  He  has  sent  it. 
Let  us  remember,  our  affliction  has  not  come  forth  of  the 
dust,  and  our  trouble  has  not  sprung  out  of  the  ground. 
Through  and  beyond  all  second  causes,  let  us  see  the 
sovereign  permissive  agency  of  the  great  first  cause.  It 
is  his  prerogative  to  bring  light  out  of  darkness,  and 
good  out  of  evil.  Surely  the  wrath  of  man  shall  praise 
Him,  and  the  remainder  of  wrath  He  will  restrain.  In 
the  light  of  a  clearer  day,  we  may  yet  see  that  the  wrath 
which  planned  and  perpetrated  the  death  of  the  Presi- 
dent was  overruled  by  Him  whose  judgments  are  un- 
searchable, and  his  ways  past  finding  out,  for  the  highest 
welfare  of  all  those  interests  which  are  so  dear  to  the 
Christian  patriot  and  philanthropist,  and  for  which  a 
loyal  people  have  made  such  an  unexampled  sacrifice  of 
treasure  and  of  blood.  Let  us  not  be  faithless,  but  be- 
lieving. '  Blind  unbelief  is  prone  to  err  and  scan  His 
works  in  vain.  God  is  His  own  interpreter,  and  he  will 
make  it  plain.'  We  will  wait  for  His  interpretation ;  and 
we  will  wait  in  faith,  nothing  doubting.  He  who  has  led 
us  so  well,  and  defended  and  prospered  us  so  wonderfully 
during  the  last  four  years  of  toil  and  struggle  and  sor- 
row, will  not  forsake  us  now.  He  may  chasten,  but  He 
will  not  destroy.  He  may  purify  more  and  more  in  the 
furnace  of  trial,  but  He  will  not  consume  us.  No,  no. 
He  has  chosen  us,  as  He  did  his  people  of  old,  in  the  fur- 
nace of  affliction,  and  He  has  said  of  us,  as  He  said  of 
them,  this  people  have  reformed.  For  myself  they  shall 
show  forth  my  praise.  Let  our  principal  anxiety  now  be 


124  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

that  this  new  sorrow  may  be  a  sanctified  sorrow,  that  it 
may  lead  us  to  deeper  repentance,  to  a  more  humbling 
sense  of  our  dependence  upon  God,  and  to  the  more  un- 
reserved consecration  of  ourselves  and  all  that  we  have 
to  the  cause  of  truth  and  justice,  of  law  and  order,  of 
liberty  and  good  government,  of  pure  and  undefiled  re- 
ligion. Then,  though  weeping  may  endure  for  a  night, 
joy  will  come  in  the  morning.  Blessed  be  God.  Despite 
of  the  great,  and  sudden,  and  temporary  darkness,  the 
morning  has  begun  to  dawn,  the  morning  of  a  bright  and 
glorious  day,  such  as  our  country  has  never  seen.  That 
day  will  come,  and  not  tarry,  and  the  death  of  a  hundred 
Presidents  and  their  Cabinets  can  never,  never  prevent 
it.  While  we  are  thus  hopeful,  however,  let  us  also  be 
humble.  The  occasion  calls  us  to  prayerful  and  tearful 
humiliation.  It  demands  of  us  that  we  lie  low,  very  low, 
before  Him  who  has  smitten  us  for  our  sins. 

"  O  !  that  all  our  rulers,  and  all  our  people,  may  bow  in 
the  dust  to-day  beneath  the  chastening  hand  of  God,  and 
may  their  voices  go  up  to  Him  as  one  voice,  and  their 
hearts  go  up  to  Him  as  one  heart,  pleading  with  Him  for 
mercy,  for  grace  to  sanctify  our  great  and  sore  bereave- 
ment, and  for  wisdom  to  guide  us  in  this  our  time  of  need. 
Such  a  united  cry  and  pleading  will  not  be  in  vain.  It 
will  enter  into  the  ear  and  heart  of  Him  who  sits  upon 
the  throne,  and  He  will  say  to  us,  as  to  His  ancients, 
*  In  a  little  wrath,  I  hid  my  face  from  thee  for  a  moment, 
but  with  everlasting  kindness  will  I  have  mercy  upon  thee, 
saith  the  Lord,  thy  Redeemer.'  I  have  said  that  the 
people  confided  in  the  late  lamented  President  with  a  full 
and  a  loving  confidence.  Probably  no  man  since  the  days 
of  WASHINGTON  was  ever  so  deeply  and  firmly  imbedded 
and  enshrined  in  the  very  hearts  of  the  people  as  ABRA- 
HAM LINCOLN.  Nor  was  it  a  mistaken  confidence  and 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  125 

love.  He  deserved  it ;  deserved  it  well ;  deserved  it  all. 
He  merited  it  by  his  character,  by  his  acts,  and  by  the 
tenor  and  tone  and  spirit  of  his  life.  He  was  simple  and 
sincere,  plain  and  honest,  truthful  and  just,  benevolent 
and  kind.  His  perceptions  were  quick  and  clear,  his 
judgments  were  calm  and  accurate,  and  his  purposes 
were  good  and  pure  beyond  a  question,  always  and  every- 
where. He  aimed  and  endeavored  to  be  right  and  to  do 
right.  His  integrity  was  thorough,  all-pervading,  all  con- 
trolling and  incorruptible.  It  was  the  same  in  every  place 
and  relation,  in  the  consideration  and  control  of  matters 
great  or  small,  the  same  firm  and  steady  principle  of  power 
and  beauty,  that  shed  a  clear  and  crowning  lustre  upon 
all  his  other  excellencies  of  mind  and  heart,  and  recom- 
mended him  to  his  fellow-citizens  as  the  man  who,  in  a 
time  of  unexampled  peril,  when  the  very  life  of  the  nation 
was  at  stake,  should  be  chosen  to  occupy  in  the  country, 
and  for  the  country,  its  highest  post  of  power  and  respon- 
sibility. How  wisely  and  well,  how  purely  and  faithfully, 
how  firmly  and  steadily,  how  justly  and  successfully,  he 
did  occupy  that  post  and  meet  its  grave  demands,  in  cir- 
sumstances  of  surpassing  trial  and  difficulty,  is  known  to 
you  all — known  to  the  country  and  the  world ;  he  com- 
prehended from  the  first  the  perils  to  which  treason  had 
exposed  the  freest  and  best  government  on  the  earth — the 
vast  interests  of  liberty  and  humanity  that  were  to  be 
saved  or  lost  forever  in  the  urgent  impending  conflict. 
He  rose  to  the  dignity  and  momentousness  of  the  occasion, 
saw  his  duty  as  the  Chief  Magistrate  of  a  great  and  im- 
periled people,  and  he  determined  to  do  his  duty,  and  his 
whole  duty,  seeking  the  guidance  and  leaning  upon  the 
arm  of  Him  of  whom  it  is  written — He  giveth  power  to 
the  faint,  and  to  them  that  have  no  might.  He  increaseth 
the  strength.  Yes,  he  leaned  upon  His  arm.  He  recog- 


126  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

nized  and  received  the  truth  that  the  kingdom  is  the 
Lord's,  and  He  is  the  governor  among  the  nations.  He 
remembered  that  God  is  in  history,  and  he  felt  that  no- 
where had  His  hand  and  his  mercy  been  so  marvelously 
conspicuous  as  in  the  history  of  this  nation.  He  hoped 
and  he  prayed  that  that  same  hand  would  continue  to 
guide  us,  and  that  same  mercy  continue  to  abound  to  us 
in  the  time  of  our  greatest  need.  I  speak  what  I  know 
and  testify  what  I  have  often  heard  him  say,  when  I  affirm 
that  guidance  and  mercy  were  the  props  on  which  he 
humbly  and  habitually  leaned.  That  they  were  the  best 
hope  he  had  for  himself  and  for  his  country.  Hence 
when  he  was  leaving  home  in  Illinois,  and  coming  to  this 
city  to  take  his  seat  in  the  Executive  Chair  of  a  disturbed 
and  troubled  nation,  he  said  to  the  old  and  tried  friends  who 
gathered  tearfully  around  him,  and  bade  him  farewell. 
I  leave  you  with  this  request — pray  for  me.  They  did 
pray  for  him,  and  millions  of  others  prayed  for  him.  Nor 
did  they  pray  in  vain.  Their  prayers  were  heard,  and  the 
answer  appears  in  all  his  subsequent  history.  It  shines 
forth  with  a  heavenly  radiance  in  the  whole  course  and 
tenor  of  Ms  administration  from  its  commencement  to  its 
close.  God  raised  him  up  for  a  great  and  glorious  mis- 
sion, furnished  him  for  his  work,  and  aided  him  in  its  ac- 
complishment. Nor  was  it  merely  by  strength  of  mind 
and  honesty  of  heart  and  purity  and  pertinacity  of  pur- 
pose, that  He  furnished  him.  In  addition  to  these  things 
He  gave  him  a  calm  and  abiding  confidence  in  the  over- 
ruling providence  of  God,  and  in  the  ultimate  triumph  of 
truth  and  righteousness  through  the  power  and  the  bless- 
ing of  God.  This  confidence  strengthened  him  in  all  his 
hours  of  anxiety  and  toil,  and  inspired  him  with  calm  and 
cheering  hope  when  others  were  inclined  to  despondency 
and  gloom. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  127 

"  Never  shall  I  forget  the  emotion  with  which  he  said 
in  this  very  room  to  a  company  of  clergymen  and  others 
who  called  to  pay  him  their  respects  in  the  darkest  day 
of  our  civil  conflict:  '  Gentlemen,  my  hope  of  success  in 
this  great  and  terrible  struggle  rests  on  that  immutable 
foundation,  the  justice  and  goodness  of  God,  and  when 
events  are  very  threatening  and  prospects  very  dark,  I 
still  hope  that  in  some  way  which  man  cannot  see,  all  will 
be  well  in  the  end,  because  our  cause  is  just  and  God  is 
on  our  side.'    Such  was  his  sublime  and  holy  faith,  and 
it  was  an  anchor  to  his  soul  both  sure  and  steadfast.    It 
made  him  firm  and  strong.    It  emboldened  htm  in  the 
pathway  of  duty,  however  rugged  and  perilous  it  might 
be.    It  made  him  valiant  for  the  right,  for  the  cause  of 
God  and  humanity,  and  it  held  him  in  steady,  patient  and 
unswerving  adherence  to  a  policy  of  administration  which 
he  thought,  and  which  we  all  now  think,  both  God  and 
humanity  required  him  to  adopt.    We  admired  and  loved 
him  on  many  accounts,  for  strong  and  various  reasons. 
We  admired  his  child-like  simplicity ;  his  freedom  from 
guile  and  deceit ;  his  staunch  and  sterling  integrity ;  his 
kind  and  forgiving  temper ;  his  industry  and  patience ; 
his  persistent,  self-sacrificing  devotion  to  all  the  duties  of 
his  eminent  position,  from  the  least  to  the  greatest ;  his 
readiness  to  hear  and  consider  the  cause  of  the  poor  and 
humble,  suffering  and  oppressed  ;  his  charity ;  his  inflexi- 
ble purpose,  that  what  freedom  had  gained  in  our  terrible 
civil  strife  should  never  be  lost,  and  that  the  end  of  the 
war  should  be  the  end  of  slavery,  and  as  a  consequence  of 
rebellion;  his  readiness  to  spend  and  be  spent  for  the 
attainment  of  such  a  triumph— a  triumph,  the  blessed 
fruits  of  which  should  be  as  wide-spreading  as  the  earth, 
and  as  enduring  as  the  sun.    All  these  things  command- 
ed and  fixed  our  admiration,  and  the  admiration  of  the 


128  LINOOLN  MEMORIAL. 

world,  and  stamped  upon  his  character  and  life  the  un- 
mistakable impress  of  greatness.  But  more  sublime  than 
any  and  all  of  these,  more  holy  and  influential,  more 
beautiful  and  strong  and  sustaining1  was  his  abiding  con- 
fidence in  God,  and  in  the  final  triumph  of  truth  and 
righteousness  through  Him  and  for  His  sake.  This  was 
his  noblest  virtue,  his  grandest  principle,  the  secret  alike 
of  his  strength,  his  patience  and  his  success.  This,  it 
seems  to  me,  after  being  near  him  steadily  and  with  him 
often  for  more  than  four  years,  is  the  principle  by  which 
more  than  by  any  other,  he  being  dead,  yet  speaketh. 
Yes,  by  his  steady,  enduring  confidence  in  God,  and  in 
the  complete  ultimate  success  of  the  cause  of  God,  which 
is  the  cause  of  humanity,  more  than  in  any  other  way, 
does  he  now  speak  to  us  and  to  the  nation  he  loved  and 
served  so  well.  By  this  he  speaks  to  his  successor  in 
office,  and  charges  him  to  have  faith  in  God.  By  this  he 
speaks  to  the  members  of  his  Cabinet,  the  men  with 
whom  he  counseled  so  often  and  associated  with  so  long, 
and  he  charges  them  to  have  faith  in  God.  By  this  he 
speaks  to  all  who  occupy  positions  of  influence  and  au- 
thority in  these  sad  and  tumultuous  times,  and  he  charges 
them  all  to  have  faith  in  God.  By  this  he  speaks  to  this 
great  people  as  they  sit  in  sackcloth  to-day,  and  weep  for 
him  with  a  bitter  wailing,  and  refuse  to  be  comforted,  and 
he  charges  them  to  have  faith  in  God ;  and  by  this  he  will 
speak  through  the  ages,  and  to  all  rulers  and  people  in 
every  land,  and  His  message  to  them  will  be,  Cling  to 
liberty  and  right,  battle  for  them,  bleed  for  them,  die  for 
them  if  need  be,  and  have  confidence  in  God.  O,  that 
the  voice  of  this  testimony  may  sink  down  into  our  hearts 
to-day  and  every  day,  and  into  the  hearts  of  the  nation, 
and  exert  appropriate  influence  upon  our  feelings,  our 
faith,  our  patience  and  our  devotion  to  the  cause,  now 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  120 

dearer  to  us  than  ever  before,  because  consecrated  by  the 
blood  of  its  conspicuous  defender,  its  truest  and  most 
fondly-trusted  friend. 

"  He  is  dead !  But  the  God  in  whom  he  trusted  lives, 
and  He  can  guide  and  strengthen  his  successor  as  He 
guided  and  strengthened  him.  He  is  dsad!  Bat  the 
memory  of  his  virtues ;  of  his  wise  and  patriotic  counsels 
and  labors ;  of  his  calm  and  steady  faith  in  God,  lives  as 
precious,  and  will  be  a  power  for  good  in  the  country 
quite  down  to  the  end  of  time.  He  is  dead !  But  the 
cause  he  so  ardently  loved ;  so  ably,  patiently,  toward 
those  who  questioned  the  correctness  of  his  opinions  and 
the  wisdom  of  his  policy ;  his  wonderful  skill  in  recon- 
ciling differences  among  the  friends  of  the  Union,  leading 
them  away  from  abstractions  and  inducing  them  to  work 
together,  and  harmoniously,  for  the  common  weal ;  his 
true  and  enlarged  philanthropy,  that  knew  no  distinction 
of  color  or  race,  but  regarded  all  men  as  brethren,  and 
endowed  alike  by  their  creator  with  certain  inalienable 
rights,  amongst  which  are  life,  liberty,  and  the  pursuit  of 
happiness ;  faithfully  represented  and  defended,  not  for 
himself  only,  not  for  us  only,  but  for  all  people  in  all 
their  coming  generations  till  time  shall  be  no  more.  That 
cause  survives  his  fall  and  will  survive  it.  The  light 
of  its  brightening  prospects  flashes  cheeringly  to-day 
athwart  the  gloom  occasioned  by  his  death,  and  the  lan- 
guage of  God's  united  providences  is  telling  us  that, 
though  the  friends  of  liberty  die,  liberty  itself  is  immor- 
tal. There  is  no  assassin  strong  enough  and  no  weapon 
deadly  enough  to  quench  its  inexhaustible  life,  or  arrest 
its  onward  march  to  the  conquest  and  empire  of  the 
world.  This  is  our  confidence  and  this  is  our  consolation, 
as  we  weep  and  mourn  to-daj* ;  though  our  beloved  Presi- 
dent is  slain,  our  beloved  country  is  saved ;  and  so  we 
7 


L30  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

sing  of  mercy  as-well  as  of  judgment.  Tears  of  gratitude 
mingle  with  those  of  sorrow,  while  there  is  also  the  dawn- 
ing of  a  brighter,  happier  day  upon  our  stricken  and 
weary  laud. 

"  God  be  praised  that  our  fallen  chief  lived  long  enough 
to  see  the  day  dawn,  and  the  day-star  of  joy  and  peace 
arise  upon  the  nation.  He  saw  it  and  was  glad.  Alas ! 
alas  !  He  only  saw  the  dawn  when  the  sun  has  risen, 
full- orbed  and  glorious,  and  a  happy,  reunited  people  are 
rejoicing  in  its  light.  It  will  shine  upon  his  grave,  but 
that  grave  will  be  a  precious  and  a  consecrated  spot. 
The  friends  of  Liberty  and  of  the  Union  will  repair  to  it 
in  years  and  ages  to  come,  to  pronounce  the  memory  of 
its  occupant  blessed,  and,  gathering  from  his  very  ashes, 
and  from  the  rehearsal  of  his  deeds  and  virtues,  fresh  in- 
centives to  patriotism,  they  will  there  renew  their  vows 
of  fidelity  to  their  country  and  their  God. 

"  And  now  J  know  not  that  I  can  more  appropriately 
conclude  this  discourse,  which  is  but  a  sincere  and  simple 
utterance  of  the  heart,  than  by  addressing  to  our  depart- 
ed President,  with  some  slight  modification,  the  language 
which  Tacitus,  in  his  life  of  Agricola,  addresses  to  his 
Aenerable  and  departed  father-in-law:  'With  you  we 
may  now  congratulate.  You  are  blessed  not  only  be- 
cause your  life  was  a  career  of  glory,  but  because  you 
were  released  when  your  country  was  safe,  it  was  happi- 
ness to  die.  We  have  lost  a  parent,  and  in  our  distress 
it  is  now  an  addition  to  our  heartfelt  sorrow  that  we  had 
it  not  in  our  power  to  commune  with  you  on  the  bed  of 
languishing  and  receive  your  lasting  embrace.  Your 
dying  words  would  have  been  ever  dear  to  us.  Your 
commands  we  should  have  treasured  up,  and  graven  them 
on  our  hearts.  This  sad  comfort  we  have  lost,  and  the 
wound,  for  that  reason,  pierces  deeper.  From  the  world 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  131 

of  spirits  behold  your  disconsolate  family  and  people. 
Exalt  our  minds  from  fond  regret  and  unavailing  grief  to 
the  contemplation  of  your  virtues.  Those  we  must  not 
lament.  It  were  impiety  to  sully  them  with  a  tear.  To 
cherish  their  memory,  to  embalm  them  with  our  praises, 
and  so  far  as  we  can  to  emulate  your  bright  example,  will 
be  the  truest  mark  of  our  respect,  the  best  tribute  we  can 
offer.  Your  wife  will  thus  preserve  the  memory  of  the 
best  of  husbands ;  and  thus  your  children  will  prove  their 
filial  piety ;  by  dwelling  constantly  on  your  works  and 
actions,  they  will  have  an  illustrious  character  before 
their  eyes  ;  and  not  content  with  the  bare  image  of  your 
mortal  frame,  they  will  have  what  is  more  valuable — the 
form  and  features  of  your  mind.  Busts  and  statues,  like 
their  originals,  are  frail  and  perishable.  The  soul  is 
formed  of  finer  elements,  and  its  inward  form  is  not  to 
be  expressed  by  the  hand  of  an  artist.  With  unconscious 
matter  our  manners  and  our  morals  may,  in  some  degree, 
trace  the  resemblance.  All  of  you  that  gained  our  love 
and  raised  our  admiration  still  subsist,  and  will  ever  sub- 
sist, preserved  in  the  minds  of  men,  the  register  of  ages ; 
and  the  records  of  fame  of  others  who  figured  on  the 
stage  of  life,  and  were  the  worthiest  of  a  former  day,  will 
sink  for  want  of  a  faithful  historian  into  the  common  lot 
of  oblivion,  inglorious  and  unremembered.  But  you,  our 
lamented  friend  and  head,  delineated  with  truth  and 
fairly  consigned  to  posterity,  will  survive  yourself  and 
triumph  over  the  injuries  of  time." 

Eev.  E.  H.  Gray,  D.D.,  pastor  of  the  E-street  Baptist 
Church,  closed  the  solemn  services  with  prayer. 

At  the  conclusion  of  this  sermon  the  corpse  was  removed 
to  the  hearse,  which  was  in  front  of  the  Executive  Man- 
sion, and  at  2  o'clock  the  procession  was  formed.  It  took 


132  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL; 

the  line  of  Pennsylvania-avenue.  The  streets  were  kept 
clear  of  all  encumbrances,  but  the  sidewalks  were  densely 
lined  with  people  from  the  White  House  to  the  Capitol,  a 
distance  of  a  mile  and  a  half.  The  roofs,  porticos,  win- 
dows and  all  elevated  points  were  occupied  by  interested 
spectators.  As  the  procession  started  minute  guns  were 
fired  near  St.  John's  Church,  the  City  Hall  and  the  Capi- 
tol. The  bells  of  all  the  churches  in  the  city  and  of  the 
various  engine-houses  were  tolled. 

First  in  the  order  of  procession  was  a  detachment  of 
colored  troops,  then  followed  white  regiments  of  infantry 
and  bodies  of  artillery  and  cavalry,  navy,  marine  and 
army  officers  on  foot ;  the  pall-bearers  in  carriages  next ; 
the  hearse,  drawn  by  six  white  horses — the  coffin  promi- 
nent to  every  beholder.  The  floor  on  which  it  rested  was 
strewn  with  evergreens,  and  the  coffin  covered  with  white 
flowers.  Then  followed  physicians  of  the  late  President, 
then  the  grand  hearse  and  the  guard  of  honor  and  the 
pall-bearers,  Capt.  EGBERT  LINCOLN  and  little  TAD,  the 
President's  favorite  son,  in  a  carriage,  and  TOMMY  behind. 
Mrs.  LINCOLN  was  not  present  at  either  the  ceremony  or 
in  the  procession,  illness  preventing.  The  mourners,  the 
delegations  from  Illinois  and  Kentucky,  came  next  in 
order,  and  then  President  JOHNSON  in  a  carriage,  with 
Hon.  PRESTON  KING-  and  the  Cabinet  Ministers.  The 
carriages  on  this  part  of  the  line  were  flanked  by  a  strong 
cavalry  guard,  with  drawn  sabers.  Then  came  carriages 
with  the  Diplomatic  Corps,  Judges,  Senators  and  others ; 
then  members  of  the  House  of  Representatives  on  foot ; 
the  officers  of  the  House ;  the  New  York  delegation ;  the 
Massachusetts  delegation,  delegations  from  other  States, 
Masons,  Knight  Templars,  Perseverance  Fire  Company 
of  Philadelphia,  Catholic  clergy,  nine  delegations,  depart- 
ment clerks  two  thousand  strong,  Gen.  MEIGS  and  staff 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  133 

and  the  Quartermasters  department  brigade,  a  regiment 
of  Fenians,  the  Treasury  regiment,  Gen.  McCALLUM  and 
staff,  and  a  brigade  of  the  employes  of  the  United  States 
military  railroads,  all  wearing  an  appropriate  badge. 
Next  a  large  delegation  from  Alexandria,  with  a  car  on 
which  was  painted,  "Alexandria  mourns  the  national 
loss."  Then  followed  one  of  the  saddest  scenes  in  the 
entire  column,  a  battalion  of  scarred  and  maimed  veter- 
ans, with  bandaged  limbs  and  heads,  ;with  an  arm  er  leg 
gone,  but  hobbling  along  on  crutches,  determined  that 
their  homage  to  their  chief  should  be  as  sincere  as  that  of 
their  companions.  Then  more  firemen  and  Sons  of  Tem- 
perance, with  a  battalion  of  soldiers,  in  full  regalia  of 
the  Sons;  then  Coloied  Benevolent  Associations  with 
their  banners  draped  and  their  walk  and  mein  the  very 
impersonation  of  sorrow. 

The  procession  was  almost  two  hours  in  passing  a  given 
point,  and  the  head  of  it  had  begun  to  disperse  at  the 
Capitol  before  the  rear  of  the  column  had  passed  beyond 
the  Treasury  Department. 

On  the  arrival  at  the  eastern  gate  of  the  Capitol,  the 
remains  were  conveyed  into  the  rotunda,  where  a  cata- 
falque like  that  in  the  Executive  Mansion  had  been  erected 
to  receive  them.  Here  the  attendants  assembled,  and 
amid  profound  silence  Eev.  Dr.  GTJBLEY  read  the  burial 
service. 

The  vast  assemblage  then  began  to  disperse.  During 
the  entire  afternoon  the  bells  in  the  city  and  in  George- 
town and  Alexandria  were  tolled,  and  minute  guns  fired 
from  the  fortifications. 

Eemarking  upon  the  solemn  scenes  of  the  day,  the 
New  York  Times  said :  "  In  point  of  sad  sublimity  and 
moral  grandeur,  the  spectacle  was  the  most  impressive 
ever  witnessed  in  the  national  capital.  The  unanimity 


134  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

and  depth  of  feeling,  the  decorum,  good  order,  and  com- 
plete success  of  all  the  arrangements,  and  the  solemn 
dignity  which  pervaded  all  classes,  will  mark  the  obse- 
quies of  ABKAHAM  LINCOLN  as  the  greatest  pageant  ever 
tendered  to  the  honored  dead  on  this  continent.  The  day 
has  been  delightfully  warm  and  pleasant,  and  thus  con- 
tributed to  swell  the  throng  of  spectators,  which  was  by 
far  the  greatest  that  ever  filled  the  streets  of  the  city." 
While  this  solemn  spectacle  impressed  the  people  of  the 
National  Capital,  similar  spectacles  were  witnessed  and 
participated  in  by  the  people  of  a  very  large  majority  of 
all  the  villages,  towns,  and  cities  of  the  Nation,  and  there 
was  heartfelt  mourning  in  a  majority  of  the  homes  of  our 
land. 

LYING  IN  STATE  IN  THE  CAPITOL. 

When  the  remains  of  Mr.  Lincoln  were  placed  upon  the 
catafalque  in  the  rotunda  of  the  Capitol,  Major  General 
Meigs,  Quartermaster  General,  had  control  of  the  military 
arrangements  for  their  protection  until  they  were  taken 
in  charge  by  the  guard  of  honor  detailed  for  that  duty, 
composed  of  the  following 

AEMY  OFFICERS. 

Brig.  Gen.  John  P.  Slough,  Brevet  Brig.  Gen.  William 
Gamble,  commanding  1st  separate  brigade,  22d  Army 
.Corps,  Fairfax  Court  House,  Capt.  B.  C.  Gale,  A.  A.  G., 
Surgeon  F.  W.  Mead,  Surgeon  Hard,  Capt.  Wickersham, 
A.  A.  G.,  Capt.  H.  C.  Lawrence,  A.  Q.  M.,  Capt.  Brown, 
A.  A.  G.,  Lieut.  Gamble,  A. D.  C.,  Lieut.  Pearson,  A.  D.  C., 
and  Lieut.  More,  A.  D.  C. 

NAVAL  OFFICERS. 

Lieut.  Com'g  Edward  E.  Stone,  Monitor  Montauk,  Lieut. 
Coin'g  A.  Ward  Weaver,  Monitor  Mahopac,  Lieut.  K  H. 
Farquahar,  Lieut.  A.  B.  McNair,  Lieut.  B.  F.  Day,  and 
Lieut.  E.  M.  Shepard. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  13.~> 

A  detachment  of  the  Twenty-Fourth  llegiiueut  Veteran 
Beserves  was  placed  upon  guard  duty  at  the  entrance  of 
the  rotunda  and  at  the  gates  of  the  Capitol. 

As  soon  as  the  doors  were  thrown  open  on  the  morning 
of  the  20th,  the  throng  of  visitors  began  to  press  forward . 
All  were  required  to  enter  at  the  main  eastern  entrance, 
and,  passing  in  two  lines  on  either  side  of  the  catafalque,  to 
go  out  at  the  western  door  of  the  rotunda,  ^foue  were 
permitted  to  linger.  A  strong  guard  was  placed  acros  •> 
the  lower  steps  of  the  eastern  entrance,  and  a  line  of 
guards  in  close  order  on  either  side  marked  the  avenue, 
left  for  the  people  who  desired  to  pass  in.  About  ten 
o'clock  a  heavy  rain  storm  partially  checked  the  crowd  ; 
but,  notwithstanding  the  rain,  the  procession  of  saddened 
faces  came  pressing  forward  at  the  rate  of  three  thousand 
persons  per  hour. 

The  catafalque  was  better  arranged  to  afford  a  view  of 
the  features  of  the  honored  dead  than  at  the  White  House. 
The  features  were  little  changed. 

The  rotunda,  which  was  lighted  only  by  a  sort  of  twi  - 
light  hue,  was  filled  with  solemn  stillness,  unbroken  save 
by  the  rustling  of  the  dresses  of  the  female  mourners,  anc  I 
occasionally  a  deep  sigh  from  some  of  those  passing  the 
coffin. 

At  six  o'clock  the  doors  of  the  Capitol  were  closed  to 
visitors,  and  the  officers  who  had  been  on  duty  during  tbo 
day  as  a  guard  of  honor  over  the  remains,  were  relieve*  I 
by  Brigadier  General  James  A.  Hall  and  staff — CaptaLi 
Edwin  H.  Nevin,  Jr.,  Lieut.  Terreuce  Riley,  and  Brigadier 
General  J.  A.  Ekiu  and  staff,  Maj.  D.  C.  Welch  and  Capt. 
Charles  Powers. 


336  LINCOLN  MEMOEJAL. 


THE  JOURNEY  FEOM  WASHINGTON  TO  SPEING- 
FIELD  AS  PEESIDENT  MAETYEED,  1865. 

DEPAETTTEE  FEOM  WASHINGTON. 

At  about  six  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  April  21st,  the 
members  of  the  Cabinet  and  other  distinguished  individ- 
uals who  had  been  invited  to  be  present,  or  who  had  acted 
as  pall  bearers,  assembled  in  the  rotunda,  and  the  Eev. 
Dr.  Gurley  offered  a  brief  prayer,  which  was  the  only 
ceremony  at  the  Capitol.  At  the  conclusion  of  the  prayer, 
at  twenty  minutes  before  seven  o'clock,  the  coffin  was 
taken  from  the  caiofalgiie'bj  twelve  orderly  sergeants,  and 
placed  in  the  hearse,  Which  was  in  waiting  to  receive  it 
in  front  of  the  Capitol.  The  procession  was  then  formed, 
and  escorted  the  remains  to  the  depot  of  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Eailroad  Company,  on  New  Jersey  avenue, 
where  the  funeral  ti  am  had  been  prepared  for  their  recep- 
tion and  that  of  the  party  which  had  been  invited  to  ac- 
company them  to  their  final  resting  place.  In  the  ad- 
vance of  the  procession  marched  a  detail  of  two  hundred 
men  of  the  Veteran  Eeserve  Corps,  under  command  of 
Lieuenant-Colonel  T.  M.  Bell ;  following  them  came  the 
hearse  with  the  coffin,  beside  which  were  a  guard  of  honor 
composed  of  a  detail  of  twelve  orderly  sergeants  from  the 
Veteran  Eeserve  Corps,  under  the  immediate  command  of 
Captain  J.  M.  McCamley  of  the  Ninth,  and  Lieutenants 
J.  B.  Durkee,  of  the  Seventh,  E.  Hopy,  of  the  Twelfth, 
and  E.  Murphey,  of  the  Tenth  Eegiment  Veteran  Eeserve 
Corps.  Immediately  following  the  hearse,  on  foot,  came 
Lieutenant  General  Grant,  Brigadier  General  Hardie, 
Brigadier  Generals  Barnard,  Eucker,  Ekin,  Howe,  Eaton, 
Townsend  and  McCallum,  and  Major  Generals  Hunter 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  137 

and  Meigs,  Admiral  Davis  and  Capt.  W.  E.  Taylor,  of  the 
navy,  and  Major  Field,  of  the  marine*  corps.  Following 
them  were  several  carriages,  in  which  were  Secretaries 
Stanton,  "Welles  and  McCulloch ;  Postmaster  General  Den- 
nison  and  Attorney  General  Speed  ;  Major  B.  B.  French, 
Commissioner  of  Public  Buildings  ;  Commissioner  Dole, 
of  the  Indian  Bureau  ;  Holloway,  of  the  Patent  Bureau ; 
Captain  Newman,  of  the  Capitol  Police ;  Governor  Ogles- 
by,  Senator  Yates  and  ex-Senator  Browning,  of  Illinois  ; 
the  Illinois  delegation,  which  takes  charge  of  the  remains 
on  behalf  of  that  State,  and  a  number  of  other  Senators 
and  members  of  Congress.  President  Johnson's  carriage 
was  also  in  the  procession,  accompanied  by  the  Presi- 
dent's body  guard,  mounted,  which  closed  the  procession. 

Notwithstanding  the  early  hour,  and  inclement  weather, 
a  large  number  of  citizens  had  collected  for  the  purpose 
of  rendering  a  last  mark  of  respect  to  the  mortal  remains 
of  one  whom  they  had  loved  and  reverenced  as  the  sec- 
ond Father  of  his  Country.  The  assemblage  increased  in 
numbers  very  rapidly  during  the  march  from  the  Capitol 
to  the  depot,  until  on  its  arrival  at  the  depot  thousands 
were  assembled.  The  space  immediately  in  front  of  the 
depot  was  cleared  by  the  military ;  the  detachment  of  the 
Veteran  Reserves,  which  escorted  the  remains,  was  drawn 
up  fronting  the  main  entrance  and  the  line  covering  the 
entire  front,  while  the  guards  kept  back  all  but  those  who 
immediately  assisted  in  the  demonstration,  or  those  who 
were  actually  intending  to  take  passage  in  the  half-past 
seven  A.  M.  train. 

The  coffin  was  carried  into  the  depot,  followed  by  the 
distinguished  gentlemen,  civil  and  military,  before  men- 
tioned, and  deposited  in  the  car  which  had  been  prepared 
for  its  reception.  At  the  door  of  this  car  the  Kev.  Dr. 
Gurley  again  briefly  addressed  the  God  of  the  living  and 


138  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

the  dead  in  a  solemn  and  appropriate  prayer.  Ten  min- 
utes before  eight  5' clock  a  pilot  engine  was  started  to  as- 
certain that  the  track  was  clear,  and  at  precisely  eight 
o'clock  the  funeral  train  was  put  in  motion. 

The  military  escort  remained  in  line  in  front  of  the  depot 
until  the  train  started,  and  as  it  commenced  to  move  pre- 
sented arms,  as  a  last  token  of  respect.  As  the  train 
moved  off  by  the  Soldiers'  Rest,  which  is  immediately  in 
the  rear  of  the  depot,  the  Eighth  Begirnent  United  States 
colored  artillery,  were  drawn  up  in  line  and  presented 
arms  until  it  had  passed. 

The  remains  of  little  Willie  Lincoln,  who  died  in  the 
White  House,  December  21st,  1862,  at  the  age  of  twelve 
years,  was  placed  in  the  interior  of  the  hearse  car,  imme- 
diately in  front  of  those  of  his  father.  Mrs.  Lincoln  re- 
quested that  no  display  be  made  of  her  son's  remains,  but 
that  they  might  be  privately  removed  to  Springfield. 

THE  GUARD  OF  HONOR. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  gentlemen  prominent  in 
civil  and  military  life,  officially  appointed  to  accompany 
the  Funeral  Train : 

RELATIVES   AND   FAMILY   FRIENDS. 

Judge  David  Davis,  United  States  Supreme  Court. 
C.  M.  Smith  and  N.  M.  Edwards,  brothers-in-law  of 
Mrs.  Lincoln. 

General  John  B.  S.  Todd,  cousin  to  Mrs.  Lincoln. 
Charles  Alexander  Smith,  brother  of  C.  M.  Smith. 

GUARD  OF  HONOR. 

Major  General  David  Hunter. 
Brigadier  General  E.  D.  Townseud. 
Brigadier  General  Charles  Thomas. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  139 

Brigadier  General  A.  D.  Eaton. 

Brevet  Major  General  J.  G.  Barnard. 

Brigadier  General  G.  D.  Bamsey. 

Brigadier  General  A.  P.  Howe. 

Brigadier  General  D.  C.  McCallum. 

Brigadier  General  J.  C.  Caldwell. 

Bear  Admiral  C.  H.  Davis,  United  States  Navy. 

Captain  Wm.  B.  Taylor,  United  States  Navy. 

Major  T.  H.  Field,  United  States  Marine  Corps. 

GENTLEMEN  ON  DUTY. 

The  following  named  gentlemen  accompanied  the  train 
in  an  official  capacity : 

Captain  Charles  Penrose,  Quartermaster  and  Commis- 
sary of  Subsistence  of  the  entire  party. 
Ward  H.  Lamon,  Marshal  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 
Dr.  Charles  B.  Brown,  Embaliner. 
Frank  T.  Sands,  Undertaker. 

MEMBERS   OF   CONGRESS   ACCOMPANYING    THE    REMAINS. 

The  following  members  of  the  Senate  and  House  of 
Bepresentatives  had  been  specially  invited  to  accom- 
pany the  remains  to  Springfield  : 

Mr.  Pike,  Maine.  Mr.  Julian,  Indiana. 

Mr.  Bollins,  N.  Hampshire.  Mr.  Bamsay,  Minnesota. 

Mr.  Baxter,  Vermont.  Mr.  T.  W.  Terry,  Michigan. 

Mr.  Hooper,  Massachusetts.  Mr.  Harlan,  Iowa. 

Mr.  Dexter,  Connecticut.  Mr.  Yates,  Illinois. 

Mr.  Anthony,  B.  Island.  Mr.  Washburne,  Illinois. 

Mr.  Harris,  New  York.  Mr.  Farnsworth,  Illinois. 

Mr.  Cowan,  Pennsylvania.  Mr.  Arnold,  Illinois. 

Mr.  Schenck,  Ohio.  Mr.  Shannon,  California. 

Mr.  Smith,  Kentucky.  Mr.  Williams,  Oregon. 


140  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Mr.  Clarke,  Kansas.  Mr.  Phelps,  Maryland. 
Mr.  Whaley,  West  Virginia.  Geo.  T.  Brown,  Sergeant-at- 
Mr.  Nye,  Nevada.  Arms  of  the  Senate. 
Mr.  Hitchcock,  Nebraska.  N.  G.  Ordway,  Sergeant- at- 
Mr.  Bradford,  Colorado.  Arms  of  the  House  of  Rep- 
Mr.  Wallace,  Idaho.  resentatives. 
Mr.  Newell,  New  Jersey. 

THE   DELEGATES   FROM   rLLINOIS. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  delegates  from  Illi- 
nois appointed  to  accompany  the  remains  to  their  last 
resting  place : 

Gov.  Eichard  J.  Oglesby.      Hon.  Thomas  A.  Haine. 
Gen.  Isham  N.  Haguie,  Ad-  Hon.  John  Wentworth. 

jutant  General  Illinois.      Hon.  S.  S.  Hayes. 
Col.  Jas.  H.  Bowen,  A. B.C.  Col.  E.  M.  Hough. 
Col.  M.  H.  Hanna,  A. B.C.   Hon.  S.  W.  Fuller. 
Col.  D.  B:  James,  A.D.  C.     Capt.  J.  B.  Turner. 
Maj.  S.  Waite,  A.D.C.          Hon.  J.  Lawson. 
Col.  D.  L.  Phillips,  U.  States  Hon.  C.  L.  Woodman. 

Marshal  of  the  District  of  Hon.  G.  W.  Gage. 

Illinois,  A.  D.  C.  G.  H.  Eoberts,  Esq. 

Hon.  Jesse  K.  Dubois.  J.  Connisky,  Esq. 

Hon.  T.  J.  Stuart.  Hon.  L.  Talcott. 

Col.  John  Williams.  Hon.  J.  S.  Fredenburg. 

Dr.  S.  H.  Melvin.  Hon.  Thomas  J.  Dennis. 

Hon.  S.  M.  Cullom.  Lieut.  Gov.  William  Bross. 

Gen.  John  A.  McClernand.    Hon.   Francis  E.   Sherman, 
Hon.  Lyman  Trumbull.  Mayor  of  Chicago. 

GOVERNORS  OF   STATES. 

Governor  O.  P.  Morton,  of  Indiana;  Governor  John 
Brough,  of  Ohio;  Governor  William  Stone,  of  Iowa,  to- 
gether with  their  aides. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  141 

THE  VETERAN  RESERVE  GUARD. 

The  Veteran  Eeserve  guard  consisted  of — 

Captain  J.  McCamby,      9th  Veteran  Eeserve  Corps. 

First  Lieut.  J.  E.  Durkee,  7th  "            "            " 

Second  Lieut.  E.  Murphy,  10th     "  " 

Second  Lieut.  E.  Hoppy,  12th  •«           "           " 

First  Sergt.  C.  Swinehart,  Co.  D,  7th  V.  E.  C. 

J.  E.  Edwards,  E,  9th  Veteran  Eeserve  Corps. 

S.  Carpenter,  K,  7th             "  "            " 

A.  C.  Cromwell,  I,  7th          "  "            " 

J.  F.  Nelson,  A,  9th              "  "            «« 

L.  E.  Bulock,  E,  9th              "  »            " 

P.  Callaghan,  H,  9th             "  " 

A.  K.  Marshall,  K,  9th         "  "            " 

W.  T.  Daly,  A,  10th             "  " 

J.  Collins,  D,  10th                 "  " 

W.  H.  Durgin,  F,  10th          "  " 

Frank  Smith,  C,  10th  " 

G.  E.  Goodrich,  A,  12th        "  "            " 

A.  E.  Carr,  D,  12th  " 

F.  Carey,  E,  12th                   "  "            " 

W.  H.  Noble,  G,  12th 

J.  Karr,  D,  14th                    "  "            " 

J.  P.  Smith,  1, 14th 

J.  Hanna,  B,  14th                 "  "            " 

F.  D.  Forehand,  18th            "  " 

J.  M.  Sedgwick,  18th            "  "           " 

E.  W.  Lewis,  18th                 "  " 

J.  P.  Berry,  A,  24th.  " 

W.  H.  Wiseman,  E,  24th      "  " 

J.  M.  Pardun,  K.  24th 

Of  the  escort  that  accompanied  Mr.  Lincoln  from  Spring- 
field to  Washington,  but  three  left  Washington  with  the 


142  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

remains — Judge  David  Davis,  of  Illinois,  Major- General 
David  Hunter,  and  Ward  H.  Lamon. 

THE  FUNERAL  TRAIN. 

The  funeral  train  consisted  of  nine  cars,  eight  of  them 
furnished  in  succession  by  the  chief  railways  over  which 
the  remains  were  transported.  The  ninth  car,  containing 
the  body,  was  the  "  President's  car,"  built  for  the  con- 
venience of  the  President  and  other  government  officers 
in  traveling  over  the  United  States  Military  Bailroads. 
This  contained  a  parlor,  sitting  room,  and  sleeping  apart- 
ment. It  had  been  richly  draped  in  mourning  within 
and  without,  the  heavy  black  drapery  being  relieved  with 
white  and  black  rosettes,  and  silver  fringes  and  tassels. 

The  windows  were  draped  with  black  curtains,  and  the 
entire  furniture  shrouded  in  black.  A  plain  stand  cov- 
ered with  black  cloth,  was  placed  in  the  car,  at  one  end, 
and  on  this  the  remains  of  the  President  rested.  On  a 
similar  stand,  at  the  other  end  of  the  car,  was  the  coffin 
holding  the  remains  of  Willie  Lincoln.  The  funeral  car 
was  in  charge  of  Mr.  John  McNaughton,  United  States 
Military  Bailroad. 

The  other  cars  of  the  train  were  new  and  elegant,  and 
tastefully  draped  in  mourning.  The  locomotive  was  also 
heavily  draped. 

Brigadier-General  McCallum  had  charge  of  the  gen- 
eral arrangements  for  the  running  of  the  train. 

A  pilot  engine,  furnished  by  the  several  railway  com- 
panies on  the  route,  preceded  the  train  over  each  line  of 
the  roads  traversed. 

• 

OBSEQUIES  AT  BALTIMORE. 

The  funeral  train  ran  from  Washington  to  Baltimore 
without  stopping,  except  at  Annapolis  Junction,  where 
Gov.  Bradford  joined  the  mournful  procession.  Baltimore 
was  reached  at  ten  o'clock.  A  heavy  rain  fell,  yet  with 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  143 

unanimity,  in  that  city  never  equaled,  the  citizens  testified 
their  high  regard  for  the  honored  dead  in  every  express- 
ive mode.  Work  was  suspended  ;  the  hum  of  traffic  was 
hushed  ;  all  turned  aside  from  their  usual  avocations  to 
unite  in  the  observance  of  the  day,  and  in  paying  rever- 
ence to  the  great  departed.  Before  daylight  had  fairly 
broken  through  the  mist,  the  streets  were  thronged  with 
citizens,  hastening  to  the  different  localities  assigned  for 
the  assemblage  of  the  different  clubs  and  associations,  to 
join  the  procession.  In  spite  of  the  inclement  weather, 
people  of  all  ages  and  both  sexes,  white  and  black,  gath- 
e  red  about  the  Camden  station  of  the  Baltimore  and 
Ohio  Eailroad,  where  the  funeral  cortege  arrived  from 
Washington.  By  eight  o'clock  the  crowd  was  so  great 
that  it  was  almost  impossible  to  move  on  any  of  the  foot- 
walks  surrounding  the  depot  buildings. 

The  depot  buildings,  engines,  &c.,  were  tastefully 
draped.  Every  arrangement  had  been  made  in  this 
department  by  the  Master  of  Transportation,  William 
Prescott  Smith,  Esq.,  to  insure  no  delay  or  interruption 
in  the  proceedings.  Lieut.-Gov.  Cox,  with  a  portion  of 
the  Governor's  staff0,  General  Berry  and  staff,  Hon. 
William  B.  Hill,  Secretary  of  the  State,  Hon.  Eobert 
Fowler,  the  State  Treasurer,  with  other  officials  of  the 
State  government,  Mayor  Chapman,  the  City  Council  of 
Baltimore,  with  the  heads  of  departments  of  the  city 
government,  General  Wallace,  Brigadier-General  Tyler, 
Commodore  Downin,  and  many  other  officers  of  the  army 
and  navy,  were  assembled  to  receive  the  remains  and 
escort  them  to  the  Exchange  building,  where  they  were 
to  lie  in  state. 

When  the  car  bearing  the  body  reached  the  depot,  in 
charge  of  General  McCallum  and  John  W.  Garrett,  the 
coffin  was  removed  by  a  guard  of  sergeants  of  the  Invalid 
corps,  and,  surrounded  by  uncovered  heads  and  saddened 


144  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

hearts,  was  escorted  through  the  depot  buildings  by  the 
State  and  city  authorities  to  the  hearse  awaiting  its 
reception  on  Caniden  street.  The  body  of  this  hearse 
was  almost  entirely  composed  of  plate  glass,  which 
enabled  the  vast  crowd  on  the  line  of  the  procession  to 
have  a  full  view  of  the  coffin.  The  supports  of  the  top 
were  draped  with  black  cloth  and  white  silk,  and  the  top 
of  the  car  itself  was  handsomely  decorated  with  black 
plumes.  It  was  drawn  by  four  black  horses.  Owing  to 
the  presence  of  large  detachments  of  the  army  in  the 
Monumental  City,  the  military  escort  was  exceedingly 
imposing.  The  various  commands  were  thoroughly  equip- 
ped. The  entire  column  was  under  command  of  Brigadier 
General  H.  H.  Lockwood,  attended  by  his  staff.  It  formed 
a  line  on  Eutaw  street,  the  right  resting  on  Conway 
street,  and  moved  in  reverse  order  a  few  minutes  after 
ten  o'clock.  The  rear  of  the  escort  was  brought  up  by  a 
large  number  of  officers  of  various  departments,  includ- 
ing medical  and  other  branches,  all  mounted.  Among 
these  were  Major-General  Lew  Wallace  and  staff,  Surgeon 
Josiah  Simpson,  Medical  Director,  General  E.  B.  Tyler, 
Brig.-General  D.  E.  Kenly,  and  Colonel  S.  M.  Bowman. 
A  few  moments  before  one  o'clock,  the  head  of  the 
procession  arrived  at  the  southern  front  of  the  Exchange. 
As  the  head  of  the  military  escort  reached  Calvert  street 
the  column  was  halted,  and  the  hearse,  with  its  guard  of 
honor,  passed  between  the  lines,  the  troops  presenting 
arms,  and  the  bands  of  music  wailing  out  the  plaintive 
tune,  "  Peace,  Troubled  Soul."  The  general  officers  dis- 
mounted and  formed,  with  their  staffs,  on  either  side  of 
the  approach  from  the  gate  to  the  main  entrance  of  the 
Exchange.  The  remains  were  then  removed  from  the 
funeral  car  and  carried  slowly  and  reverently  into  the 
building,  and  placed  on  a  catafalque  prepared  for  them. 
After  they  had  been  properly  placed  and  the  covering 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  145 

removed,  the  officers  present  passed  slowly  forward,  on 
either  side  of  the  body.  The  civic  part  of  the  procession 
followed,  and  the  general  public  was  then  admitted. 

The  catafalque  was  erected  immediately  beneath  the 
dome.  It  consisted  of  a  raised  dais,  eleven  feet  by  four 
at  the  base,  the  sides  sloping  slightly  to  the  height  of 
about  three  feet.  From  the  four  corners  rose  graceful 
columns,  supporting  a  cornice  extending  beyond  the  line 
of  the  base.  The  canopy  rose  to  a  point  fourteen  feet 
from  the  ground,  and  terminated  in  clusters  of  black 
plumes.  The  whole  structure  was  richly  draped.  The 
floor  and  sides  of  the  dais  were  covered  with  black  cloth, 
and  the  canopy  was  formed  of  black  crape,  the  rich  folds 
drooping  from  the  four  corners  and  bordered  with  silver 
fringe.  The  cornice  was  adorned  with  silver  stars,  while 
the  sides  and  ends  were  similarly  ornamented.  The  inte- 
rior of  the  canopy  was  of  black  cloth,  gathered  in  fluted 
folds.  In  the  central  point  was  a  large  star  of  black 
velvet,  studded  with  thirty-six  stars — one  for  each  State 
in  the  Union.  The  floor  of  the  dais  on  which  the  body 
of  the  illustrious  martyred  patriot  rested,  was  bordered 
with  evergreens  and  a  wreath  of  spiral  azaleas,  calla  lilies, 
and  other  choice  flowers. 

But  a  small  portion  of  the  throng  in  attendance  were 
able  to  obtain  a  view  of  the  remains.  At  about  half-past 
two  o'clock,  to  the  regret  of  thousands,  the  coffin  was 
closed,  and,  escorted  by  the  guard  of  honor,  was  removed 
to  the  hearse.  The  procession  then  re-formed  and  took 
up  its  mournful  march  to  the  depot  of  the  Northern  Cen- 
tral Railway  Company. 

BALTIMORE   TO  HARRISBTJRG. 

The  funeral  train  from  Baltimore  to  Harrisburg  was 
under  the  immediate  charge  of  the  Superintendent 

7* 


146  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

of  the  Northern  Central  Railway,  Mr.  Du  Barry.  At 
every  point  along  the  entire  route  significant  tokens  of 
sorrow  and  respect  were  manifested  by  large  concourses 
of  people.  At  the  Pennsylvania  State  Line,  Gov.  Curtin 
met  the  train,  accompanied  by  his  staff,  consisting  of 
Adjutant-General  Russell,  Quartermaster-General  Rey- 
nolds, Inspector-General  Lemuel  Tocld,  Surgeon-General 
James  A.  Phillips,  and  Colonels  R.  B.  Roberts,  S.  B. 
Thomas,  Frank  Jordan  and  John  A.  Wright.  Governor 
Curtin  was  received  by  Governor  Bradford,  who  was  in 
the  front  car  with  his  staff,  consisting  of  Adjutant-Gen- 
eral Berry,  General  Edward  Shriver  and  Lieutenant- 
Colonels  Thomas  J.  Morris,  Henry  Tyson  and  A.  J.  Ridge- 
ley.  General  Cadwalader,  commanding  the  Department 
of  Pennsylvania,  accompanied  Governor  Curtin.  The 
General's  staff  consisted  of  Major  W.  McMichael,  A.D.  C., 
and  Captain  L.  Howard. 

At  York,  a  scene  worthy  of  special  record  occurred. 
The  ladies  of  that  city  asked  permission  to  lay  on  the 
President's  coffin  a  wreath  of  flowers.  Asst.  Adjt.-Gen. 
Townsend,  of  the  United  States  Army,  granted  the  re- 
quest, with  a  modification  that  six  ladies  might  perform 
the  service.  During  the  performance  of  a  dirge  by  an 
instrumental  band  the  flowers  were  brought  forth  and 
carried  in  procession  to  the  funeral  car,  while  the  bells 
tolled,  and  all  the  men  stood  uncovered.  The  ladies — 
namely,  Mrs.  Samuel  Smalley,  Mrs.  Henry  E.  Miles,  Mrs. 
David  E.  Smalley,  Miss  Plover,  Miss  Louisa  Ducks,  Miss 
Susan  Smalley  and  Miss  Jane  Lattimore — entered  the 
car,  three  on  each  side  of  the  coffin ;  and  the  wreath 
having  been  handed  to  them  they  placed  it  in  the  centre 
of  the  coffin  and  then  retired,  those  who  witnessed  the 
scene  bitterly  weeping.  The  bells  continued  to  toll  and 
the  band  to  sound  its  mournful  strains.  The  wreath  wa§ 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  147 

very  large,  about  three  feet  in  circumference.  The  outer 
circle  was  of  roses,  and  alternate  parallel  lines  were  com- 
posed of  white  and  red  flowers  of  the  choicest  descrip- 
tion. The  hand  of  affection  could  not  have  contributed 
a  more  choice  and  delicate  tribute  to  departed  worth. 

HAEEISBUKa. 

The  obsequies  at  the  Capital  of  Pennsylvania  were  after 
night.  The  funeral  train  arrived  at  eight  o'clock.  In 
despite  of  a  severe  rain  storm  the  streets  were  densely 
thronged.  A  large  military  escort,  accompanied  by  an 
immense  procession  of  the  people,  followed  the  Presi- 
dent's remains  to  the  State  House,  amid  the  sound  of 
minute  guns,  where  the  corpse  was  exposed  to  the  view 
of  the  public  until  midnight.  On  the  following  morning, 
the  doors  of  the  Capitol  were  opened  at  seven  o'clock, 
and  immediately  a  compact  mass  of  people,  in  double 
lines,  began  to  move  through  the  rotunda,  which  had 
been  appropriately  draped.  Thousands  of  citizens  of  the 
neighboring  towns  and  adjoining  counties  swelled  the 
procession  of  mourners.  At  nine  o'clock  the  coffin  was 
closed,  and  at  ten  o'clock  the  procession  was  re-formed 
and  began  its  march  of  escort  to  the  depot.  Almost  with- 
out exception  tokens  of  mourning  were  displayed  from 
the  dwelling-houses  and  places  of  business  in  all  quarters 
of  the  city.  The  Governor's  residence,  the  residence  of 
Simon  Cameron,  and  those  of  several  of  the  officers  of 
the  State,  attracted  marked  attention. 

The  procession  was  composed  of  eight  divisions,  and 
marched  in  the  following  order : 

First,  with  slow  and  solemn  music,  came  the  Carlisle 
Barracks  Band.  Then  a  regiment  of  infantry  from  Camp 
Curtin,  with  arms  reversed ;  drum  corps,  playing  the 


148  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

"Dead  March;"  Sixteenth  Veteran  Eeserve  Corps,  with 
Colonel  commanding  escort;  drum  corps,  with  muffled 
drums ;  battalion  of  artillery,  with  pieces  shrouded  with 
crape;  mounted  infantry,  Co.  F,  201st  Pennsylvania 
Eegiment,  who  had  just  arrived  from  the  border,  Captain 
Thomas  F.  Maloney  commanding ;  battalion  of  cavalry  ; 
Chief  Marshal,  Colonel  Harry  McCormick  ,and  aids ; 
clergy  of  Harrisburg. 


PALL-BEARERS.  PALL-BEARERS. 

Hon.  A.  L.  Rouinfort.          Guard8-          Hon.  Jno.  J.  Pearson. 


Hon.  David  Fleming. 
Hon.  W.  F.  Murray. 
Hon.  Jno.  C.  Kunkel. 
Herman  Alricks,  Esq. 
Dr.  C.  Seller. 


o 


George  Bergner,  Esq. 
Hon.  V.  Hummel,  Sr. 
R.  A.  Lamberton,  Esq. 
A.  B.  Hamilton,  Esq. 
Henry  Thomas,  Esq. 


Capt.  George  Prince.  Guards.          Henry  Gilbert,  Esq. 

Geo.  Trnllinger,  Esq.  Dr.  Geo.  Bailey. 

Following  the  hearse  came  the  relatives  of  the  de- 
ceased and  a  delegation  of  mourners  from  Illinois ;  Gov. 
A.  G.  Curtin ;  Major-General  Cadwalader  and  staff;  Ma- 
jor-General  Heihtzelman  and  staff;  Eear- Admiral  Davis, 
and  other  distinguished  men,  in  carriages ;  Adjutant- 
General  A.  L.  Eussell,  Colonel  Samuel  L.  Thomas  and 
others  of  the  Governor's  staff,  on  horseback ;  Pennsyl- 
vaia  Legislature,  there  being  only  twenty-five  or  thirty 
members  in  the  procession ;  201st  Eegimental  Band, 
Pennsylvania  Volunteers;  Pittsburg  Delegation,  num- 
bering fifty  individuals ;  Philadelphia  Delegation ;  Citi- 
zens ;  Friendship  Fire  Company ;  Ex-Mayor  Kepner ; 
Hope  Fire  Company,  with  locked  arms,  three  abreast ; 
Mount  Vernon  Hook  and  Ladder  Company ;  Paxton  Fire 
Company ;  Sons  of  Malta,  richly  caprisoned,  with  swords 
draped  in  mourning ;  Free  Masons  ;  Odd  Fellows ;  Salem 
Lodg-e,  I.  O.  B.  B. ;  Attaches  of  the  Quartermaster's  and 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  149 

Provost  Marshal's  Departments ;  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association. 

At  precisely  twelve  o'clock  the  funeral  train  left  the 
depot  for  Philadelphia.  Between  Harrisburg  and  Phila- 
delphia thousands  of  men,  women  and  children  assembled 
at  depots  and  along  the  line  of  the  railway,  to  pay  re- 
spect to  the  services  and  the  memory  of  the  patriot 
around  whom  their  affections  and  their  hopes  had  clus- 
tered ;  and  for  many  miles  before  the  cars  reached  Phila- 
delphia, either  side  of  the  railway  was  completely  lined 
with  people  who  stood  with  uncovered  or  bowed  heads 
as  the  funeral  car  passed. 

PHILADELPHIA. 

The  Philadelphia  Enquirer  of  April  24th  said :  "A 
grand,  emphatic  and  unmistakable  tribute  of  affectionate 
devotion  to  the  memory  of  our  martyred  chief  was  that 
paid  by  Philadelphia  on  the  arrival  of  his  remains  on 
Saturday  evening.  No  mere  love  of  excitement,  no  idle 
curiosity  to  witness  a  splendid  pageant,  but  a  feeling  far 
deeper,  more  earnest,  and  founded  in  infinitely  nobler 
sentiments,  must  have  inspired  that  throng,  which,  like 
the  multitudinous  waves  of  the  swelling  sea,  surged  along 
our  streets  from  every  quarter  of  the  city,  gathering  in  a 
dense,  impenetrable  mass  along  the  route  prescribed  for 
the  procession.  *  *  *  *  The  myriads  of  expectant 
faces  gathering  around  the  depot  at  Broad  and  Prime 
streets,  and  lining  the  route  of  the  procession  for  hours 
before  the  arrival  of  the  funeral  train ;  the  various  civic 
associations  marching  in  orderly  column,  with  banners 
draped  in  mourning,  to  take  their  assigned  places ;  the 
bands  leading  such  associations,  and  making  the  city  vocal 
with  strains  sweet  but  melancholy;  the  folds  of  sable 
drapery  drooping  from  the  buildings,  and  the  half-masted 


150  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

flags,  with  their  mourning  borders ;  all  were  striving  to 
express  the  same  emotion.  It  was  this  alone  which  gave 
them  interest  or  significance,  and  this  alone  which  makes 
them  worthy  of  being  recorded." 

Between  three  and  four  o'clock  P.  M.,  the  military  escort, 
under  Brigadier-General  O.  S.  Ferry,  arrived  at  the  depot, 
and  formed  in  line  along  Broad  street.  On  the  right  were 
three  regiments  of  infantry,  and  next  to  them  two  batteries 
of  artillery,  and  below  them  was  the  City  Troop  of  Cavalry, 
mounted  on  their  chargers,  conspicuous  afar  off  by  their 
brilliant  uniform s  and  fur-crowned  helmets.  Below  these, 
in  a  long  succession,  were  the  various  civic  associations, 
all  drawn  up  in  line  along  the  east  side  of  the  street,  and 
waiting  to  fall  into  their  places  in  the  column  as  the  pro- 
cession moved  by,  constantly  swelling  in  its  progress. 
Many  of  these  associations  displayed  tasteful  and  appro- 
priate banners. 

As  the  time  for  the  arrival  of  the  train  approached,  the 
throng  in  the  street  grew  rapidly  larger  and  denser,  and 
the  eagerness  of  the  people  to  obtain  positions  from  which 
a  good  view  could  be  obtained,  rendered  it  necessary  for 
the  police  to  use  considerable  exertion  to  keep  clear  the 
space  necessary  for  the  passage  of  the  pall-bearers  and 
escort  from  the  door  of  the  building  to  the  hearse.  The 
Committee  of  Arrangements  were  at  the  station  in  readi- 
ness to  receive  the  remains  and  the  party  accompanying 
them  on  behalf  of  the  city,  as  also  the  special  escort  of 
military  and  naval  officers  detailed  by  order  of  General 
Cadwalader  as  a  special  guard  of  honor. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  gentlemen  compris- 
ing the  committee :  Fred.  A.  Yan  Cleve,  Chairman ;  James 
Armstrong,  Thomas  Barlow,  James  Freeman  and  Joshua 
Spering,  on  the  part  of  Select  Council ;  and  Alexander 
Harper,  Samuel  Willets,  Joseph  F.  Marcer,  Geo.  Nichols, 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  151 

Thomas  H.  Gill,  on  the  part  of  the  Common  Council,  to- 
gether with  the  Presidents  of  both  chamber?. 

The  special  guard  of  honor  in  behalf  of  Philadelphia 
consisted  of  twenty-four  officers,  among  whom  were : 
Commodore  H.  A.  Adams,  Commodore  S.  C.  Rowan,  TJ. 
S.  Navy ;  Brevet  Brigadier-General  Alexander  Cummin gs, 
Col.  George  H.  Crosman. 

The  hour  announced  for  the  arrival  of  the  train  was  4:30 
P.  M.,  but  it  did  not  arrive  until  twenty  minutes  later. 
Almost  simultaneously  with  its  entrance  to  the  depot  the 
report  of  a  cannon  announced  the  fact  to  the  entire  city, 
and  the  firing  of  minute  guns  was  continued  during  the 
entire  progress  of  the  procession.  The  escort  or  guard  of 
honor  above  mentioned  went  in  to  meet  the  car  containing 
the  body,  and  forming  in  two  lines,  between  which  passed 
the  pall-bearers  with  the  coffin  and  the  guard  on  either 
sides  (sergeants  and  soldiers  of  the  Veteran  Eeserve 
Corps),  fell  in  behind  it  and  followed  it  with  bare  heads 
and  solemn  step  to  the  hearse,  which  was  waiting  in  front 
of  the  building. 

The  hearse,  especially  constructed  for  the  occasion  by 
the  Committee  of  Reception,  was  an  imposing  structure, 
well  adapted  for  its  purpose,  which  was  to  display  the 
coffin  to  view  as  prominently  as  possible.  It  was  drawn 
by  eight  black  horses,  with  silver-mounted  harness. 

At  fifteen  minutes  past  five  the  hearse,  followed  by  the 
special  city  guard  of  honor,  on  foot,  and  the  carriages 
bearing  the  funeral  party  and  members  of  the  Philadelphia 
Committee,  commenced  to  move,  the  military  escort  taking 
its  place  in  advance,  keeping  time  to  the  slow,  solemn 
music  of  the  bands  and  the  melancholy  tolling  of  the  bells. 
The  procession  was  ordered  in  eleven  divisions,  and  was 
one  of  the  largest  and  most  imposing  which  in  any  city 


152  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

on  the  route  between  Washington  and  Springfield  paid 
tribute  to  Mr.  Lincoln's  memory. 

It  was  nearly  eight  o'clock  when  the  hearse  arrived  oppo- 
site the  southern  main  entrance  to  Independence  Square. 
The  Union  League  Association  had  been  detailed  to  re- 
ceive the  body  at  that  point,  and  superintend  the  work  of 
having  it  placed  in  its  proper  position  in  Independence 
Hall.  The  members  of  the  League  assembled  at  Concert 
Hall,  about  five  o'clock,  and  proceeded  from  thence  to  Inde- 
pendence Square,  accompanied  by  a  band  of  music,  and 
colors  draped  in  black.  They  were  dressed  in  full  suits 
of  black,  and  wore  white  gloves.  On  reaching  the  Square 
the  members  of  the  association  took  up  position  on  either 
side  of  the  main  thoroughfare ;  they  were  formed  in  two 
ranks,  and  filled  the  Square  from  one  end  to  the  other. 
The  band  was  placed  in  the  State  House  steeple,  and 
piior  to  the  arrival  of  the  remains  performed  a  number  of 
dirges. 

When  the  hearse  reached  the  main  entrance  to  the 
Square,  the  coffin  was  removed  and  taken  within  the  in- 
closure,  when  the  line  of  procession  was  formed,  consisting 
of  the  body  guard  and  pall-bearers,  and  the  solemn  cortege 
moved  slowly  to  Independence  Hall.  The  members  of 
the  Union  League  stood  with  uncovered  heads,  and  the 
band  in  the  steeple  performed  a  mournful  dirge.  The 
Square  was  brilliantly  illuminated  with  Calcium  Lights, 
about  sixty  in  number,  composed  of  red,  white  and  blue 
colors,  which  gave  a  peculiar  and  striking  effect  to  the 
melancholy  spectacle. 

Amid  a  breathless  silence,  broken  only  by  the  slow  and 
mournful  strains  of  the  band,  grief-stricken  citizens  stand- 
ing uncovered,  sorrow  depicted  on  every  countenance; 
amid  the  tolling  of  bells  and  the  sound  of  minute  guns 
fired  in  the  distance,  the  coffin  of  the  murdered  Executive 


LltffcOL*  !tfE3IORIAL.  153 

was  conveyed  within  the  classic  shades  of  Independence 
Hall. 

The  body  was  placed  on  an  oblong  platform  in  the 
centre  of  the  Hall,  covered  with  black  cloth,  and  lay  north 
and  south,  the  head  towards  the  south,  and  directly  oppo- 
site old  Independence  bell.  The  lid  of  the  coffin  was 
removed  far  enough  to  expose  to  view  the  face  and  breast 
of  the  deceased.  An  American  flag,  the  one  used  to  cover 
the  coffin  during  the  funeral  procession,  was  thrown  back 
at  the  foot  of  the  coffin,  and  a  number  of  wreaths  of  exotics 
laid  on  it. 

At  the  head  of  the  coffin  was  suspended  a  highly  wrought 
cross,  composed  of  japonicas,  with  a  centre  consisting  of 
jet  black  exotics.  The  device  contained  the  following 
inscription : 

"  To  the  memory  of  our  beloved  President,  from  a  few  ladies  of  the 
United  States  Sanitary  Commission." 

On  the  old  Independence  bell,  and  near  the  head  of  the 
coffin,  rested  a  large  and  beautifully  made  floral  anchor, 
composed  of  the  choicest  exotics.  This  offering  came 
from  the  ladies  of  St.  Clement's  Church.  Four  stands, 
two  at  the  head  and  two  at  the  foot  of  the  coffin,  were 
draped  in  black  cloth,  and  contained  rich  caudelabras 
with  lighted  wax  candles.  To  the  rear  of  these  were  placed 
three  additional  stands,  also  containing  candelabras  with 
burning  tapers;  and,  again,  another  row  of  four  stands, 
containing  candelabras  also,  making  in  all  eighteen  can- 
delabras and  one  hundred  and  eight  burning  wax  tapers. 

Between  this  flood  of  light,  shelving  was  erected,  on 
which  were  placed  vases  filled  with  japonicas,  heliotropes, 
and  other  rare  flowers.  These  vases  were  about  twenty- 
five  in  number. 

A  delicious  perfume  stole  through  every  part  of  the 
8 


154  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Hall,  which,  added  to  the  soft  yet  brilliant  light  of  the 
wax  tapers,  the  elegant  uniforms  of  the  officers  on  duty, 
etc.,  constituted  a  scene  of  solemn  magnificence  seldom 
witnessed. 

The  Hall  at  large  was  completely  shrouded  with  black 
cloth,  arranged  in  a  very  graceful  and  appropriate  man- 
ner. The  old  chandelier  that  hangs  from  the  centre  of 
the  room,  and  which  was  immediately  over  the  coffin, 
was  entirely  covered,  and  from  it  hung  in  every  direction 
festoons  of  black  cloth,  forming  a  sort  of  canopy  over 
the  entire  room.  The  walls  of  the  room  presented  the 
appearance  of  having  been  papered  with  black.  The 
celebrated  historical  pictures  which  ornament  the  Hall 
were,  with  few  exceptions,  hid  from  view.  The  statue  of 
Washington,  at  the  east  end,  stood  out,  however,  in  bold 
relief  against  the  black  background.  The  only  pictures 
visible  were  the  full-length  portraits  of  William  Penn, 
Lafayette,  Washington,  and  Chevalier  Gerard,  and  the 
smaller  ones  of  Martha  Washington,  Stephen  Decatur, 
and  one  or  two  others.  Wreaths  of  immortelle  were 
hung  on  the  black  drapery  that  covered  the  walls,  and 
were  placed  about  midway  between  the  floor  and  ceiling. 

At  ten  o'clock  the  doors  of  the  Hall  were  thrown  open, 
and  from  that  hour  until  midnight  an  unbroken  stream 
of  people  passed  through  the  building  into  Independence 
Square,  entering  the  room  where  the  body  lay  in  state 
by  the  southern  door,  and  passing  out  by  steps  erected 
over  a  window  at  the  south  end  of  the  room.  During  the 
hours  stated  a  band,  stationed  near  the  Hall,  performed 
a  great  number  of  dirges  and  other  funeral  selections. 

A  cordon  of  police,  under  charge  of  High  Constable 
Harry  Clark,  were  stationed  from  the  outer  door  of  the 
State  House  building,  to  the  ballustrade  that  surrounded 
the  coffin,  and  through  the  avenue  formed  by  them  the 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  155 

visitors  passed  to  view  the  remains.  Mayor  Henry  occu- 
pied a  position  at  the  head  of  the  coffin,  surrounded  by 
the  committee  having  the  body  in  charge. 

So  great  was  the  anxiety  of  the  citizens  to  view  the 
body  of  their  beloved  Chief  Magistrate,  that  hundreds  of 
them  remained  around  Independence  Hall  all  night,  wait- 
ing anxiously  for  the  doors,  or  rather  the  windows,  to  be 
again  thrown  open. 

From  six  o'clock  on  Sunday  until  one  o'clock  on  Mon- 
day morning,  the  public  was  admitted.  As  soon  as  the 
day  began  to  break,  the  people  from  all  parts  of  the  town 
began  to  flock  to  the  neighborhood  of  Fifth  and  Chest- 
nut streets.  The  crowd  became  most  dense,  and  when  the 
doors  were  opened,  a  double  line  of  applicants  was 
formed,  extending  as  far  west  as  Eighth  street,  and  east 
to  Third  street.  By  11  o'clock  the  lines  extended  from 
the  Hall  west  as  far  as  the  Schuylkill,  and  east  as  far  as 
the  Delaware.  The  residents  of  West  Philadelphia  flocked 
across  the  Market  Street  Bridge  by  hundreds,  while  the 
Camden  ferry-boats  apparently  brought  across  the  Dela- 
ware about  one-half  of  the  population  of  New  Jersey. 

Tlje  entrances  were  through  two  windows  in  Chestnut 
street,  and  the  exits  through  the  windows  facing  on  Inde- 
pendence Square,  temporary  steps  having  been  placed 
in  position  for  that  purpose.  By  this  arrangement  two 
lines  of  spectators  were  admitted  at  a  time,  passing  on 
either  side  of  the  coffin.  The  Inquirer,  in  its  report  of 
the  scenes  of  the  memorable  day,  said : 

"Never  before  in  the  history  of  our  city  was  such  a 
dense  mass  of  humanity  huddled  together.  Hundreds  of 
persons  were  seriously  injured  from  being  pressed  in  the 
mob,  and  many  fainting  females  were  extricated  by  the 
police  and  military  and  conveyed  to  places  of  security. 
Many  women  lost  their  bonnets,  while  others  had  nearly 


166  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

every  particle  of  clothing  torn  from  their  persons.  Not- 
withstanding the  immense  pressure  and  the  trying  ordeal 
through  which  persons  had  to  pass  in  order  to  view  the 
remains,  but  little  disorder  prevailed,  every  one  appar- 
ently being  deeply  impressed  with  the  great  solemnity  of 
the  occasion.  After  a  person  was  once  in  line,  it  took 
from  four  to  five  hours  before  an  entrance  into  the  Hall 
could  be  effected.  Spectators  were  not  allowed  to  stop 
by  the  side  of  the  coffin,  but  were  kept  moving  on,  the 
great  demand  on  the  outside  not  permitting  more  than  a 
mere  glance  at  the  remains,  which  were  under  military 
guard." 

. 

PHILADELPHIA  TO    NEW  YORK. 

At  one  o'clock  on  Monday  morning,  April  24th,  the 
funeral  procession  began  its  march  from  Independence 
Hall.  The  escort  consisted  of  the  One  Hundred  and 
Eighty-seventh  Pennsylvania  Infantry,  the  city  troops, 
guard  of  honor,  and  a  detachment  of  soldiers  to  guard 
the  body,  Perseverance  Hose  Company,  and  the  Kepub- 
lican  Invincibles.  A  band  of  music  played  dirges  on  the 
march.  The  procession  reached  Kensington  station  at 
four  o'clock.  On  the  way  thousands  of  citizens  joined  it. 

:At  a  few  minutes  past  four  o'clock  the  train  left  the 
Kensington  station.  Governor  Parker  came  on  board  at 
the  State  line,  at  Morrisville,  with  his  staff,  consisting  of 
Adjutant-General  E.  F.  Stockton,  Quartermaster-General 
Perrine,  and  others.  They  were  accompanied  by  United 
States  Senator  John  P.  Stockton,  Eev.  D.  Henry  Miller, 
and  Colonel  Murphy,  and  were  received  by  Governor 
Curtin,  of  Pennsylvania.  There  was  also  upon  the  train 
a  committee  from  Newark,  consisting  of  the  mayor,  Joseph 
P.  Bradley,  Esq.,  the  President  and  other  members  of 
the  Newark  Council. 


LINCOLN   MEMORIAL.  157 

The  Delaware  river,  which  separates  the  State  of  Penn- 
sylvania from  that  of  New  Jersey,  was  crossed  at  half- 
past  five,  and  as  the  train  passed  through  Trenton  the 
bells  of  the  city  were  tolled.  Every  hill-top  on  the  line 
of  the  road  and  other  advantageous  points  were  occupied 
by  throngs  of  spectators.  The  train  stopped  at  the  Tren- 
ton station  thirty  minutes.  A  detachment  of  the  Reserved 
Veteran  and  Invalid  corps,  drawn  up  in  line  on  the  plat- 
form, gave  the  customary  funeral  honors.  Music  was 
performed  by  an  instrumental  band,  minute  guns  were 
fired,  and  the  bells  continued  to  toll.  Everywhere  the 
emblems  of  mourning  were  prominent. 

The  train  arrived  at  New  Brunswick  at  about  half-past 
seven  o'clock,  where  it  halted  for  half  an  hour.  A  large 
number  of  people  visited  it.  Meantime  minute  guns  were 
fired  and  the  bells  tolled.  At  eight  o'clock  the  train  was 
again  in  motion. 

At  Eahway  and  Elizabeth  the  emblems  of  mourning 
were  numerous,  and  many  flags  draped.  The  tolling  of 
bells  and  the  firing  of  cannon  were  repeated.  Near  Eliza- 
beth a  party  of  young  men  displayed,  on  differently 
colored  banners,  the  words,  separately,  "  Victory," 
"Peace,"  "Union,"  "Grant,"  "  Sherman,"  with  the  usual 
crape  attachments. 

At  Newark  the  private  residences  and  public  buildings 
and  stores  and  workshops  were  elaborately  draped,  guns 
were  fired,  and  the  bells  tolled.  All  Newark,  with  the 
exception  of  those  at  the  windows,  seemed  to  be  out  of 
doors.  Trees  and  house-tops,  door-steps  and  car-trucks 
— in  fact,  all  the  highest  attainable  positions  and  points 
where  an  unobstructed  view  could  be  had,  were  occupied. 
The  United  States  Hospital  was  suitably  decorated.  In 
front  were  a  large  number  of  soldiers,  some  of  them  on 
crutches.  All  the  patients  who  could  move  themselves 


158  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

were  drawn  up  in  double  file.    Every  one  stood  uncov- 
ered. ' 

NEW  YORK  CITY. 

At  ten  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  24th  of  April,  the 
Funeral  Train  reached  the  Camden  and  Amboy  Railway 
Depot  in  Jersey  City.  The  depot  and  surrounding  build- 
ings had  beeen  appropriately  draped.  Outside  the  depot, 
at  every  place  along  the  track  whence  a  view  of  the  fu- 
neral train  and  its  occupants  could  be  obtained,  a  dense 
crowd  collected.  Immediately  in  front  of  the  western 
entrance  to  the  building  there  was  a  bank  of  spectators, 
piled  up  one  above  the  other  on  the  vacant  cars  left  stand- 
ing on  the  track,  and  on  every  salient  point  which  prom 
ised  a  view  of  the  proceedings.  It  was  not  an  ordinary 
crowd — pushing,  jostling  and  shouting.  A  reverential 
stillness  prevailed. 

Gen.  John  A.  Dix  had  met  the  train  at  Philadelphia, 
and  under  his  orders  detachments  of  the  Second  and  Sixth 
regiments,  two  hundred  strong,  under  the  command  of 
Captain  Livingstone  and  Brevet  Major  MeLaughlin,  es- 
corted the  New  York  State  and  city  officers,  assembled 
to  remove  the  remains,  and  guarded  the  depot.  The 
arrival  of  the  train  was  announced  by  minute  guns. 
When  it  had  entered  the  depot,  General  Dix,  the  guard 
of  honor  and  the  Congressional  delegation,  alighted  from 
the  cars.  General  Sandford  and  the  officers  of  New  York 
State  and  city  stepped  forward,  and  the  body  was  re- 
moved from  the  car  by  four  sergeants  of  the  Reserve 
Corps.  As  the  richly-decorated  coffin  was  exposed  to 
view,  five  choral  societies,  numbering  sixty-five  voices, 
led  by  F.  A.  Stonge,  began  to  chant  the  solemn  and  ap- 
propriate dirge  known  as  Integer  Vita.  A  body  guard  of 
twenty-five  sergeants  and  veterans  of  the  Reserve  Corps, 


LINCOLN   MEMORIAL.  lf>9 

under  the  command  of  Captain  Campbell,  surrounded  the 
corpse.  Before  the  last  notes  of  the  funeral  dirge  were 
ended  the  coffin  was  raised  on  the  shoulders  of  ten  vet- 
erans, and  the  order  of  procession  was  formed.  First 
walked  General  Dix  and  General  Sand  ford;  next  four 
undertakers,  and  Colonel  McMahon  and  Captain  Lord,  of 
General  Dix's  staff.  Then  came  the  corpse,  flanked  by 
the  body  guard,  with  drawn  swords,  and  followed,  in  ir- 
regular order,  by  the  Washington  guard  of  honor  and 
delegation ;  Hon.  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  Secretary  of  State 
of  New  York ;  the  Mayor  and  Common  Council  of  Jersey 
City;  the  delegations  from  Hoboken,  Hudson  City,  Ber- 
gen and  Greenville,  and  other  officials  and  mourners. 
Moving  down  the  north  platform,  at  which  the  train  was 
drawn  up,  toward  the  eastern  end  of  the  building,  the 
procession  wound  round  and  moved  up  the  next  platform, 
and  so  out  at  the  western  entrance  of  the  depot,  the  choral 
societies  meanwhile  singing  the  cliorale,  "  Rest  in  the 
Grave."  The  reporter  for  the  New  York  Herald  said: 
"  The  thrilling  iinpressiveness  of  the  funeral  dirge,  the 
saddened  aspect  of  the  immense  throng  of  mourners,  were 
tributes  which  might  well  outweigh  the  obloquy  and  mis- 
apprehension of  the  past." 

In  the  streets  of  Jersey  City  every  housetop,  every  bal- 
cony, every  window  overlooking  the  road  taken  by  the 
procession,  from  the  depot  to  the  ferry,  was  crowded  with 
spectators.  Slowly  the  corpse  was  borne,  amidst  the  sol- 
emn booming  of  minute  guns  arid  the  tolling  of  distant 
bells,  to  the  ferry-boat,  Jersey  City,  which  was  placed 
at  the  disposal  of  the  committee  to  convey  the  remains 
of  the  honored  dead  to  New  York. 

When  the  mournful  procession  wended  its  way  through 
the  gate  leading  on  board  the  boat,  not  a  sound  was 
heard  other  than  the  booming  of  minute  guns,  which  re- 


lt>0  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

verberated  far  and  near.  The  procession  was  received  by 
the  Mayor  of  New  York,  and  members  of  the  Board  of 
Aldermen  and  Board  of  Councilmen.  These  were  ranged 
on  either  side  of  the  boat.  Each  member  bore  appropri- 
ate insignia  of  mourning  on  the  left  arm. 

The  Jersey  City  was  appropriately  draped  in  mourning. 
The  flags  hung  at  half-mast.  The  officers  of  the  boat 
were : — Pilots,  Captain  S.  Decker  and  Edward  Ashford  ; 
engineers,  S.  Barr  and  Louis  Angel.  In  addition  to  the 
military  gentlemen,  the  New  York  Common  Council  and 
different  delegations  which  came  with  the  remains,  on 
board  were  representatives  from  the  corporate  bodies  of 
Hudson,  Hoboken,  Bergen  and  other  portions  of  New 
Jersey.  The  German  singing  societies  of  Hoboken,  who 
had  chanted  a  funeral  dirge  on  the  arrival  of  the  train  at 
Jersey  City,  were  also  of  the  party.  Up  and  down  the 
North  Kiver  the  scene  was  peculiarly  impressive  as  the 
Jersey  City  slowly  crossed.  All  the  shipping  had  the 
emblems  of  mourning  prominently  displayed,  while  in 
many  instances  crowds  occupied  the  rigging,  and  watched 
with  mournful  earnestness  the  little  craft  which  carried 
upon  its  deck  the  remains  of  the  nation's  murdered  Chief 
Magistrate.  In  several  cases  the  vessels'  sides  were 
draped  in  mourning  colors,  the  masts  wreathed  in  black 
muslin,  while  all  persons  who  happened  to  be  on  board 
stood  with  uncovered  heads  as  the  boat  moved  past. 
All  the  docks  in  the  vicinity  were  filled  with  spectators. 
Thousands  thronged  to  the  extreme  verge  of  the  piers 
and  watched  with  breathless  curiosity  the  movements  of 
the  Jersey  City  as  she  neared  her  destination. 

When  within  a  few  hundred  yards  of  the  dock,  at  the 
foot  of  Desbrosses  street,  the  German  societies  com- 
menced a  funeral  ode  from  the  first  book  of  Horace,  which 
produced  a  thrilling  effect  upon  all  who  heard  it.  The 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  151 

solemn  notes  of  the  song  as  they  burst  forth  from  nearly 
one  hundred  voices  gave  touching  inspiration  to  the  sor- 
row of  the  time  as  they  were  wafted  on  shore  by  the 
gentle  breeze.  The  boat  being  moored  fast  to  the  dock, 
and  all  arrangements  completed,  Generals  Dix  and  Sand- 
ford  left  the  boat,  when  the  hearse,  together  with  those 
composing  the  procession,  followed. 

The  scene  at  the  foot  of  Desbrosses  street,  could  not 
fail  to  make  a  lasting  impression  upon  the  thousands  who 
were  congregated  on  the  housetops  and  awnings  for  sev- 
eral blocks  on  each  side  of  the  ferry.  Every  available 
spot  was  occupied  along  Desbrosses  street,  from  West  to 
Hudson  streets.  The  window  sashes  of  all  the  houses 
were  removed  in  order  that  the  occupants  might  have  an 
unobstructed  view  of  the  procession,  and  as  far  as  the  eye 
could  see  there  was  a  dense  mass  of  heads  protruding 
from  every  window  in  the  street.  The  fronts  of  the 
houses  were  tastefully  draped  with  mourning,  and  the 
national  ensign  was  displayed  at  half-mast  from  almost 
every  housetop. 

The  Seventh  Eegiment  National  Guard,  Col.  Emmons 
Clark,  had  been  selected  as  the  escort.  The  procession 
started  from  the  boat  in  the  following  order : — 

.  Police. 

General  Dix,  General  San  dford,  Alderman  Ryers,  and  other  Military 
O  fficers  and  Civilians. 

Band. 

Seventh  Regiment. 
Sergeants  of  the  Invalid  Corps. 


H 

Seventh 

s 

Seventh 

H 

H 

Regiment. 

w- 

Regiment. 

8 

Sergeants  of  the  Invalid  Corps. 


162  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Seventh  Regiment. 

Then  following  was  the  guard  of  honor  and  the  Washington  Delega- 
tions accompanying  the  remains.    Next  to  this  came 

His  Honor  Mayor  Gunther. 
Presidents  of  the  Board  of  Councilmen  and  Aldermen. 

United  States  Officers. 

German  Singing  Society. 

Police. 

The  sides  and  back  of  the  hearse  were  of  plate  glass, 
and  on  the  top  were  eight  large  plumes  of  black  and  white 
feathers.  Around  the  edge  of  the  roof  and  the  lower  por- 
tion of  the  body  were  American  flags  folded,  draped  in 
mourning,  gracefully  festooned,  and  fastened  with  knots 
of  white  and  black  ribbons.  It  was  drawn  by  six  gray 
horses  covered  with  black  cloth,  each  led  by  a  groom 
dressed  in  mourning. 

The  route  of  the  procession  was  from  Desbrosses  street 
through  Hudson  to  Canal  street,  thence  to  Broadway  and 
down  Broadway  to  the  City  Hall. 

Urns  and  other  emblems  of  sorrow,  in  white  and  black 
cloth,  and  mottoes  showing  the  grief  of  the  people  for  the 
death  of  their  beloved  Chief  Magistrate,  were  displayed 
from  nearly  every  house,  in  the  mournful  shades  of  white 
and  black.  The  stores  were  all  closed  and  business  sus- 
pended everywhere.  Along  the  entire  line  of  march  as 
the  hearse  approached,  the  people  uncovered  their  heads. 
The  most  creditable  order  prevailed.  The  silence  of  the 
immense  crowds  was  expressively  and  impressively  sol- 
emn. The  New  York  Herald  said  :  "  ]S~o  one  could  behold 
the  scene,  in  all  its  impressive  solemnity,  earnestness  and 
sincerity,  without  feeling  satisfied  that  the  funeral  cortege 
of  Abraham  Lincoln  was  a  triumphal  procession  greater, 
grander,  more  genuine,  than  any  living  conqueror  or  hero 
ever  enjoyed. 

The  escort  marched  in  files  on  each  flank  of  the  funeral 


LINCOLN   MEMORIAL.  163 

car,  and  in  platoons  on  the  front  and  rear.  Then  came 
the  rest  of  the  procession  according  to  the  arrangement 
of  the  programme.  After  them  came  the  people  by  thous- 
ands, in  solemn  and  orderly  demeanor,  from  Desbrosses 
and  Hudson  streets  in  a  vast  throng,  following  in  the 
rear  and  reaching  from  curb  to  curb  on  Canal  street. 
This  column  increased  as  it  went,  and,  with  uncovered 
heads  and  sad  and  steadily  persistent  steps,  followed  the 
remains  of  the  lamented  Chief  Magistrate  to  Broadway, 
and  in  many  cases  to  the  City  Hall.  Many  people,  see- 
ing that  the  procession  had  passed,  still  remained  in  their 
positions  in  the  street,  as  if  scarcely  satisfied  that  what 
they  had  watched  and  waited  for  was  past. 

Hours  before  the  arrival  of  the  body,  masses  of  people 
gathered  in  the  City  Hall  Park,  along  Broadway  and 
Chatham  street,  and  in  and  on  the  buildings  overlooking 
the  plaza  in  front  of  the  City  Hall,  where  the  ceremony 
of  receiving  the  body  was  to  be  witnessed.  The  police, 
by  strenuous  exertions,  kept  the  streets  cleared,  but  the 
sidewalks  and  the  Park  were  filled  with  men,  women  and 
children,  while  the  trees  in  the  Park  were  loaded  with 
adventurous  urchins.  Along  the  line  formed  by  the 
police  guard  in  front  of  the  Hall,  and  the  fences  of  the 
Park  in  Chatham  street  and  Broadway,  the  crowd  re- 
mained quiet,  patiently  awaiting  the  appearance  of  the 
hearse ;  but  in  the  interior  of  the  triangle  of  human 
beings  thus  formed  the  crowd  swayed  restlessly  from  side 
to  side,  but  without  the  noise  which  usually  accompanies 
such  confusion.  During  the  entire  ceremony  the  people 
were  orderly  and  quiet ;  each  individual  appeared  to  be 
impressed  with  the  solemnity  of  the  occasion.  At  the 
time  of  the  appearance  of  the  procession  at  the  City  Hall 
at  least  twenty  thousand  citizens  were  assembled,  watch- 
ing the  ceremony  with  solemn  interest. 


164  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

The  procession  guarding  the  body  filed  into  the  Park  a 
few  minutes  after  half-past  eleven  o'clock,  and  the  hearse, 
guarded  by  two  companies  of  the  Eighth  Regiment,  New 
York  State  National  Guard,  stopped  before  the  door  of 
the  Hall.  The  coffin  was  immediately  taken  from  the 
hearse,  and  carried  up  the  stairs  to  the  catafalque  pre- 
pared for  its  reception  in  the  Governor's  Boom,  amid  a 
solemn  dirge,  played  by  the  Liederkranz  band.  Details 
from  the  Eighth  Eegiment  were  placed  as  guards  around 
the  building,  and  were  soon  solemnly  pacing  their  beats. 

While  these  preparations  were  being  made,  the  several 
German  singing  clubs,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Paney, 
of  the  Liederkranz  Society,  and  numbering  nearly  a 
thousand  voices,  sang  several  solemn  dirges.  As  their 
swelling  tones  murmured  their  way  through  the  closed 
windows  of  the  Governor's  Koom,  and  surged  amid 

The  silken,  sad,  uncertain  rustling 
Of  each  sable  curtain, 

the  undertaker  commenced  the  task  of  removing  the  lid 
of  the  coffin  and  disclosing  the  features  of  the  deceased. 
There  was  no  trace  of  the  interior  architecture  to  be 
seen  on  the  rotunda  of  the  City  Hall.  Niche  and  dome, 
balustrade  and  panneling  were  all  veiled.  From  the  dome 
to  the  base  there  was  a  wall  of  crape,  relieved  by 
shrouded  ensigns  and  semi-circular  folds  of  paramatta. 
All  these  were  arched  with  festoons,  which  fell  gracefully 
over  the  combined  display  of  flags  and  mourning — the 
symbols  of  the  life  of  the  republic  and  the  death  of  its 
ruler.  The  light  which  fell  upon  the  scene  of  death  was 
modified.  Across  the  oriels  of  the  dome  a  black  curtain 
was  drawn,  and  the  rays  thus  conducted  fell  subdued  on 
the  sad  and  imposing  spectacle.  The  catafalque  graced 
the  principal  entrance  to  the  Governor's  Room.  Its  form 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  165 

was  square,  but  it  was  surmounted  by  a  towering  gothic 
arch,  from  which  folds  of  crape,  ornamented  by  festoons 
of  silver  lace  and  cords  and  tassels,  fell  artistically  over 
the  curtained  pillars  which  gave  form  and  beauty  to  the 
structure.  The  arch  seemed  lost  in  the  dark  labyrinths 
from  which  it  rose.  A  spread  eagle  was  perched  above 
it.  Beneath  this  aerial  guardian  was  a  bust  of  the  dead 
President  in  sable  drapery.  Then  came  a  ubiquitous 
display  of  black  velvet,  studded  with  beautiful  silver 
stars  in  filagree  lace,  which  reflected  light  over  the  suits 
of  woe  and  gloom  of  which  they  were  the  national  orna- 
ments. On  either  side  Eoman  urns  were  located,  like 
those  of  old,  near  the  distinguished  dust  of  which  they 
were  the  guardians.  The  interior  of  the  canopy  was  in 
graceful  harmony  with  the  outside.  The  frontal  arch,  as 
it  met  the  black  ceiling  of  the  catafalque,  was  relieved 
by  a  lining  of  white  silk  which  skirted  it.  The  walls 
were  hung  with  solemn  black,  and  the  light  of  the  great 
windows  of  the  Governor's  Eoom  and  that  of  the  dome 
struggled  vainly  to  illuminate  it.  There  was  nothing  to 
vary  the  dark  monotony  of  black  cloth  but  the  welcome 
trimming  of  silver  lace,  which  gave  limit  to  the  gloomy 
aspect  and  grace  to  the  display.  The  ceiling  was  formed 
of  fluted  folds  of  velvet,  fretted  with  silver  stars.  Be- 
neath the  canopy,  near  the  honored  dead,  were  busts  of 
Washington,  Jackson,  Webster  and  Clay — all  resting  on 
high  pedestals.  The  vicinity  of  the  catafalque  was  also 
the  scene  of  elaborate  and  artistic  mourning.  All  the 
furniture,  the  statues  and  the  portraits  of  the  Governor's 
room  were  in  character  with  the  sad  scenes  around  them. 
"Washington's  writing  desk,"  the  portraits  of  Presi- 
dents, Governors,  and  men  distinguished  in  the  State 
and  city  governments,  were  covered  with  crape.  The 
statue  of  Washington,  near  which  Mr.  Lincoln  received 


166  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

his  friends  four  years  previous,  was  elaborately  draped, 
and  the  chandeliers  were  covered  with  black  cloth. 

The  lid  of  the  coffin  having  been  removed,  various  flo- 
ral offerings  were  laid  upon  it.  General  Hunter  and  Col- 
onel O'Bierne  then  took  their  positions  respectively  by 
the  side  of  the  coffin,  and,  shortly  after,  the  entrance  be- 
low was  opened,  and  the  expectant  crowd  were  admitted 
into  the  Hall.  The  solemn  procession  commenced  at  one 
o'clock.  Scarcely  had  the  interest  to  view  the  mournful 
cortege,  as  it  wound  its  slow  length  within  the  railings  of 
the  Park,  abated  with  the  consignment  of  the  honored  re- 
mains to  the  care  of  the  municipal  authorities  specially 
appointed  for  the  reception,  than  a  line  began  to  be  formed 
of  those  who  desired  to  be  among  the  first  to  look  their 
last  upon  the  mortal  dead.  Thousands  formed  that  line, 
which,  like  a  river  receiving  many  contributions  nearing 
its  debouchment,  gradually  lessened,  till  away  up  in  the 
Bowery,  three-quarters  of  a  mile  off,  it  narrowed  as  it  were 
at  its  source,  still,  however,  receiving  fresh  supplies  as  an 
onward  movement  to  the  front  gave  a  chance  of  nearing 
the  object  all  so  desired  to  look  upon.  Throughout  the 
long  early  summer  day,  beneath  the  fervid  rays  of  the  sun, 
which  shone  almost  uncomfortably  warm,  into  the  cool 
hours  of  the  evening,  and  away  through  the  chilly  hours 
of  the  night,  till  dawn  was  almost  again  breaking,  the 
seemingly  ever  unbroken  line  of  people  kept  its  ground 
persistently — to  gratify  the  earnest  desire  which  had 
brought  them  together.  From  distant  points  throughout 
the  State,  remote  from  the  line  of  travel  which  took  the 
President  to  his  last  bourne  in  Illinois,  thousands  of  peo- 
ple flocked  to  the  city  in  the  hope  of  gaming  a  view  of 
his  bier.  From  Brooklyn,  Jersey  City,  Williamsburg  and 
neighboring  localities,  there  was  throughout  the  day  a  con- 
stant stream  of  people  crossing  in  the  ferry-boats,  many 


LINCOLN   MEMORIAL.  167 

of  whom  joining  in  the  line  remained  for  several  hours, 
till  at  last  they  reached  the  goal  of  their  desires.  The 
eastern  gate  in  the  Park  row  was  selected  as  the  general 
entrance,  the  small  gate,  on  the  western  side  of  the  Park, 
being  the  entrance  for  those  who  had  received  special 
tickets.  Down  as  far  as  Pearl  street  the  line  was  double, 
or  rather  quadruple,  that  is,  a  double  file  of  men,  and  on 
their  right  a  double  file  of  women,  all  anxious,  and  all  de- 
termined to  go  through  with  it.  The  arrangements  for 
the  passage  of  the  crowd  were  admirable,  and  a  strong 
feeling  of  courtesy  was  mingled  with  the  necessary  adhe- 
rence to  duty  of  the  various  officials. 

The  deportment  of  the  people  was  very  different  from 
that  of  the  crowds  which  usually  assemble  in  great  cities. 
3s  o  gladsome  laugh,  no  familiar  greeting,  no  passing  jests. 
Grief  was  denoted  on  every  countenance.  Many  would 
have  pressed  close  to  the  coffin,  if  but  to  touch  it  with 
their  fingers,  were  they  permitted.  Frequent  attempts 
were  made  by  ladies  to  kiss  the  placid  lips  of  the  corpse. 

But,  notwithstanding  the  immense  number  which  had 
passed  during  the  day,  the  throng  was  at  its  greatest 
about  midnight.  As  the  clock  tolled  the  hour  of  twelve, 
the  members  of  the  German  singing  societies,  who  had 
taken  their  places  in  the  corridor  beneath  the  rotunda, 
commenced  the  Inter  vitas.  Heard  from  the  neighborhood 
of  the  catafalque,  the  music  had  a  most  thrilling  effect. 
Then  followed  the  Chrabus  heehe,  which  was  rendered  with 
remarkable  precision.  The  chorus  consisted  of  seventy 
voices,  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Loyer.  The  clubs  rep- 
resented were  the  Quartette,  of  Hoboken ;  the  German, 
Harmonia  and  the  Concordia.  All  the  members  wore  ap- 
propriate mourning  badges. 

On  careful  calculations  at  various  times  during  the  day 
and  night  it  was  estimated  that  on  au  average  eighty  per- 


. 

168  LINCOLN  MEMOEIAL. 

sons  passed  the  coffin  in  a  minute — that  is,  forty  on  either 
side.  This  would  allow  for  the  entire  number  passed  up 
to  midnight  not  much  under  sixty  thousand. 

Not  till  the  first  shadows  of  morning  began  to  steal 
over  the  heavy  folds  of  the  drapery,  lending  additional 
melancholy  to  the  scene,  was  there  any  break  in  the  mo- 
notonous chain  of  onlookers.  And  then  the  torrent  was 
stayed  only  for  a  few  moments.  Fresh  arrivals,  many  of 
them  from  the  country,  began  to  take  the  place  of  the 
pallid-faced,  wearied  watchers  who  had  waited  all  through 
the  night  to  get  their  turn.  As  the  day  advanced  the 
crowd  increased,  and  by  eight  o'clock  the  approaches  to 
the  City  Hall  were  more  crowded  than  they  were  the  day 
before.  In  the  mournful  throng  were  veterans,  bearing 
the  scars  of  many  well  fought  battles ;  smart  young  sol- 
diers who  had  evidently  not  long  taken  the  bounty ;  aged 
women  whose  mourning  garments  betokened  a  husband 
or  a  son  sacrificed  on  the  altar  of  his  country ;  blooming 
girls  ;  sedate  city  merchants  and  prosperous  professional 
men ;  country  folks  in  eccentric  costumes ;  dapper  city 
clerks ;  old  men,  gray  headed  and  feeble ;  every  class  of 
life  found  its  representatives  in  the  throng  which  encom- 
passed the  body  of  the  dead. 

It  was  evident  from  the  earliest  hour  that  half  those 
who  were  so  patiently  standing  on  the  footpaths  in 
Broadway  and  Centre  street  could  not  possibly  get  a 
view  of  the  body  within  the  time  assigned  for  the  lying 
in  state.  Still  they  remained  in  the  ranks,  hoping,  appa- 
rently against  hope,  that  some  unlocked  for  diversion 
might  lessen  their  distance  from  the  wished  for  goal. 
Soon  after  ten  o'clock  the  military  began  to  assemble. 
First  came  a  company  of  the  Seventh  regiment,  and  after- 
wards a  detachment  of  the  old  Washington  Grays,  their 
officers  attired  in  full  mourning.  Very  soon  the  bugle 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  16i> 

call  to  assemble  resounded  through  the  corridor,  when1 
the  dead  was  lying  in  its  silent  state,  and  the  tramp  of 
military  feet  varied  the  stealthy  footsteps  of  the  passing 
spectators.  Several  companies  of  the  Seventh  regiment, 
upon  whom  had  devolved  the  duty  of  maintaining  guard 
at  the  City  Hall,  passed  by  to  view  the  body.  After  them 
followed  a  number  of  officers  and  veterans  of  the  war. 

The  steamboat  Granite  State,  from  Hartford,  brought 
down  over  three  hundred  passengers,  who  marched  from 
the  boat  to  the  City  Hall  to  view  the  body.  One  of  their 
number  placed  a  cross,  two  feet  in  length,  upon  the  coffin. 
It  was  composed  entirely  of  white  camelias,  rosebuds  and 
azalias.  There  was  one  bud  for  each  of  the  United 
States  and  one  azalia  to  represent  each  year  of  the  de- 
ceased's life.  It  was  made  in  Hartford  from  flowers  culled 
from  the  choicest  private  conservatories,  and  was  the 
handiwork  of  Warren  H.  Burr,  local  editor  of  the  Hart- 
ford Daily  Post. 

Captain  Parker  Snow,  the  commander  of  the  arctic  and 
antarctic  exploring  expeditions,  presented  to  Gen.  Dix, 
with  a  view  of  their  being  interred  in  the  coffin  with  the 
President,  some  interesting  relics  of  Sir  John  Franklin's 
ill-fated  expedition.  They  consisted  of  a  tattered  leaf  of 
a  Prayer  Book,  on  which  the  first  word  legible  was  the 
word  "Martyr,"  and  a  piece  of  fringe  and  some  portions 
of  uniform.  These  relics  were  found  in  a  boat  lying  un- 
der the  head  of  a  human  skeleton. 

At  twenty  minutes  to  twelve  o'clock  the  doors  of  admis 
sion  were  closed  to  the  general  public,  and  though  for 
some  hours  past  the  people  had  been  admitted  at  the  rate 
of  nearly  one  hundred  a  minute — and  over  one  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  persons  must  have  seen  the  body — 
there  yet  remained  immense  crowds  who  were  sent  away 
disappointed.  With  practised  fingers  the  undertaker, 


170  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

Mr.  F.  G.  Sands,  and  bis  assistant,  Mr.  G.  W.  Hawes, 
removed  the  dust  from  the  face  and  habiliments  of  the 
dead ;  the  flowers  laid  upon  the  coffin  were  taken  charge 
of  by  the  officials,  and  the  lid  was  silently  screwed  down 
without  form  or  ceremony,  and  with  none  but  a  few  offi- 
cers and  orderlies  and  a  couple  of  reporters  as  witnesses. 
The  appointed  bearers,  eight  in  number,  sergeants  of  the 
Veteran  Reserve,  stationed  themselves  on  each  side  of  the 
coffin,  and  remained  there  motionless  as  statues  awaiting 
further  orders. 

The  Governor's  Eoom,  when  all  but  the  military  and 
those  immediately  connected  with  the  obsequies,  had 
withdrawn,  presented  a  brilliant  appearance.  All  the 
foreign  Consuls  dressed  in  their  diplomatic  uniforms, 
Governor  Fenton,  General  Bix,  accompanied  by  his  staff, 
and  several  distinguished  Generals  were  present.  When 
all  was  in  readiness  the  order  was  given  and  six  of  the 
body  guard  raised  the  coffin  upon  their  shoulders,  and, 
while  a  sergeant  at  each  end  steadied  it  to  prevent  the 
possibility  of  accident,  bore  it  slowly  down  the  spiral 
staircase  and  out  of  the  City  Hall,  the  whole  assemblage 
following. 

At  ten  minutes  to  one  o'clock  the  hearse,  which  was 
specially  constructed  to  carry  the  remains  through  the 
city,  was  brought  in  front  of  the  Hall.  When  it  had  been 
placed  in  its  proper  position  Major  General  Dix,  who  stood 
with  cap  in  hand  on  the  steps  of  the  hall,  gave  the 
signal  for  the  remains  to  be  carried  out.  The  coffin  then 
appeared,  borne  by  the  guard  of  honor  from  the  Veteran 
Reserve  corps.  All  in  the  immediate  vicinity  instinct- 
ively uncovered.  The  band  of  the  Seventh  regiment 
played  a  mournful  dirge,  the  City  Hall  bell  tolled,  the 
military  presented  arms,  and,  amid  unbroken  silence 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  171 

among  the  multitude,  the  mortal  remains  of  Abraham 
Lincoln  were  borne  to  the  hearse. 

The  Seventh  regiment  and  other  portions  of  the  pro- 
cession contiguous  to  the  City  Hall  steps  were  then 
formed,  Sergeants  of  the  Keserve  corps,  with  drawn 
sabres,  stood  round  the  remains,  while  the  military  digni- 
taries, Congressional  delegations  and  other  bodies  ranged 
themselves  in  the  order  marked  out  for  them.  The  time 
appointed  for  the  procession  to  move  was  one  o'clock,  but 
the  hour  hand  pointed  to  two  before  it  slowly  marched 
off  with  steady,  solemn  pace,  amid  a  muffled  roll  of  drums 
and  saddened  strains  of  funeral  dirges  from  a  number  of 
bands. 

This  procession  was  the  grandest — the  most  imposing 
ever  organized  in  the  United  States.  It  marched  in 
eight  divisions,  which  embraced  military  and  civic  asso- 
ciations representing  all  the  lines  of  martial  service,  and 
all  the  various  walks  of  official  and  business  life. 
.  The  First  Division  composed  the  military  escort  which 
preceded  the  hearse.  The  New  York  Herald  said :  When 
the  history  of  the  New  York  militia  is  written  there  will 
be  two  pages  in  their  annals  more  interesting,  more  cred- 
itable and  more  gallant  than  all  the  others,  and  these  will 
record  their  prompt  response  to  the  call  of  President  Lin- 
coln to  defend  the  national  capital  in  1861,  and  the  unan- 
imity, force  and  order  with  which  they  turned  out  to 
escort  the  remains  of  that  same  great  and  good  Presi- 
dent on  their  passage  through  New  York  on  the  24th  and 
25th  of  April,  1865.  The  military  pageant  yesterday — if 
such  so  solemn  and  mournful  a  display  can  properly  be 
denominated — exceeded  any  thing  in  the  military  order 
that  ever  occurred  in  the  city  of  New  York.  There  were 
eighteen  city  regiments  in  the  parade,  and  they  averaged 
fully  five  hundred  men  each,  thus  making  a  total  of  nine 


172  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

thousand  troops,  besides  the  batteries,  guns  and  their 
staffs,  escort  and  so  forth,  amounting  to  one  thousand 
more,  which  made  the  whole  number  of  city  militia  in 
the  parade  at  least  ten  thousand  men.  The  United 
States  troops  and  the  Brooklyn  regiments  numbered  five 
thousand  more,  so  that  the  entire  force  of  military  in  the 
procession  reached  the  grand  figure  of  fifteen  thousand 
men. 

Immediately  following  the  military  escort  came  Major 
General  John  A.  Dix  and  staff,  preceding  the  guard  of 
honor,  which  consisted  of  a  detachment  from  the  Seventh 
regiment,  formed  two  deep  and  in  hollow  square,  inside 
of  which  marched  the  Veteran  Guard.  In  the  centre  of 
the  square  was  the  hearse  bearing  the  remains  of  the  illus- 
trious dead.  It  was  fourteen  feet  long  at  its  longest  part, 
eight  feet  wide  and  fifteen  feet  one  inch  in  height.  On 
the  main  platform,  which  was  five  feet  from  the  ground, 
was  a  dais  six  inches  in  height,  at  the  corners  of  which 
were  columns  holding  a  canopy,  which,  curving  inward 
and  upward  toward  the  centre,  was  surmounted  by  a 
miniature  temple  of  liberty.  The  platform  was  entirely 
covered  with  black  cloth,  drawn  tightly  over  the  body  of 
the  car,  and  reaching  to  within  a  few  inches  of  the  ground, 
edged  with  silver  bullion  fringe.  Over  this  hung  grace- 
ful festoons  of  the  same  material,  spangled  with  silver 
stars,  and  edged  also  with  silver  bullion.  At  the  base  of 
each  column  were  three  American  flags,  slightly  inclined, 
festooned,  covered  with  crape.  The  columns  were  black, 
covered  with  vines  of  myrtle  and  camelias.  The  canopy 
was  of  black  cloth,  drawn  tightly,  and  from  the  base  of 
the  temple  another  draping  of  black  cloth  fell  in  graceful 
folds  over  the  first ;  while  from  the  lower  edges  of  the 
canopy  depended  festoons,  also  of  black  cloth,  caught  un- 
der small  shields.  The  folds  and  festoons  were  richly 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  173 

spangled  and  trimmed  with  bullion.    At  each  corner  of 
the  canopy  was  a  rich  plume  of  black  and  white  feathers. 

The  Temple  of  Liberty  was  represented  as  being  de- 
serted, having  no  emblems  of  any  kind  in  or  around  it 
save  a  small  flag  on  top,  at  half-mast.  The  inside  of  the 
car  was  lined  with  white  satin,  fluted,  and  from  the  cen- 
tre of  the  roof  was  suspended  a  large  gilt  eagle,  with 
outspread  wings,  covered  with  crape,  bearing  in  its  talons 
a  laurel  wreath,  and  the  platform  around  the  coffin  was 
strewn  with  laurel  wreaths  and  flowers  of  various  kinds. 

The  car  was  drawn  by  sixteen  gray  horses,  with  cover- 
ings of  black  cloth,  trimmed  with  silver  bullion,  each 
led  by  a  colored  groom,  dressed  in  the  usual  habiliments 
of  mourning,  with  streamers  of  crape  on  their  hats. 

When  the  gilded  top  of  the  temple  surmounting  the 
hearse  was  seen  in  the  distance  along  the  line  of  march, 
there  was  a  general  pushing  and  crowding  in  the  dense 
throng  on  the  sidewalks  for  good  positions.  At  its 
nearer  approach  a  simultaneous  hush  seemed  to  come 
over  the  entire  crowd;  the  men  reverently  lifted  their 
hats,  and  all  eyes,  many  of  which  were  moist  with  tears, 
were  fastened  on  the  hearse  and  coffin  from  the  time  of 
its  appearance  till  it  passed  out  of  sight. 

Many  waited  to  see  no  more  of  the  procession  as  it 
passed  on  in  its  regular  order,  which  was  the  guard  of 
honor,  followed  by  a  troop  of  cavalry  as  escort  to  Briga- 
dier-General Hall,  Grand  Marshal,  with  his  aids. 

The  Second  Division,  which  comprised  the  representa- 
tives of  the  State,  county  and  city  governments  of  New 
York  and  other  cities  and  States,  representatives  of  for- 
eign nations,  &c.,  formed  a  prominent  feature  oi  the 
grand  procession. 

The  carriages  provided  for  the  foreign  representatives 
and  delegations  from  the  States  and  Territories  of  the 


174  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

United  States,  were  formed  in  line  in  Chambers-street, 
the  right  resting  on  Broadway,  and  the  federal  officers  of 
the  Custom  House,  Surveyor's  Office,  Post  Office,  and 
the  collectors,  assessors  and  deputies  of  the  United  States 
interal  revenue,  United  States  marshals  and  the  judges 
and  officers  of  the  United  States  courts,  formed  on  Cen- 
tre-street, the  head  of  the  line  resting  on  the  corner  of 
City  Hall-square  and  Tryon-row.  The  carriages  stood 
two  abreast  in  the  following  order : 

First — Occupied  by  Governor  Fenton,  of  New  York,  Mayor  Gun- 
ther,  and  Generals  Batchellor  and  Swayne,  of  the  Governor's  staff. 

Second — Lieutenant-Go vernor  Alvord ;  Judge  Davies,  of  the  Court 
of  Appeals ;  Judge  Advocate  General  Harvey  and  Quartermaster- 
General  Merritt,  of  the  Governor's  staff. 

Third — Senators,  Cole,  Christie,  Laimbler,  and  Representative  In- 
grahain,  which  constituted  the  joint  committee  of  the  Senate  and 
Assembly. 

Fourth — Charles  Loosey,  Consul  General  of  Austria ;  C.  E.  Habicht, 
Swedish  and  Norwegian  Consul ;  E.  M.  Archibald,  C.  B.,  Her  Britan- 
nic Majesty's  Consul;  Pierrepont  Edwards,  Esq.,  Her  Britannic 
Majesty's  Vice-Consul. 

Fifth — William  A.  Kobbe,  Consul-General  of  Nassau  ;  G.  L.  Avea- 
zana,  Vice-Consul  of  Italy  ;  D.  Aguiar,  Consul-General  of  Brazil. 

Sixth — R.  C.  Barlage,  Consul  General  of  the  Netherlands ;  D.  N. 
Botassi,  Consul  of  Greece ;  Robert  Schultz,  Vice-Consul  of  Russia  ; 
Adolph  Gosling,  Consul-General  of  Hanover. 

Seventh — Jose  F.  Sanchez,  Consul  of  Venezuela ;  Leopold  Schmidt, 
Vice-Consul  of  Saxony  and  acting  Consul-General  of  Prussia ;  Er- 
hardt  Jansen,  Vice-Consul  of  Oldenburg ;  Fred.  Kuhne,  Consul  of 
Hesse. 

Eighth — Geo.  H.  Siemon,  Royal  Bavarian  Consul ;  Carlos  Enrique 
Leland,  Consul  of  Uruguay ;  F.  W.  Kentgen,  Consul  of  Hesse  Darm- 
stadt ;  C.  B.  Richard,  Consul  of  Schammelburg  Lippe ;  Bias  Bruzual, 
Envoy  Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  of  Venezuela. 

Ninth — Governor  Oglesby,  of  Illinois ;  Hon;  J.  DuBois,  Colonel 
John  Williams,  Major  L.  Wait  and  Colonel  Jamss  H.  Bowen,  all  of 
Springfield,  composing  the  Illinois  delegation. 

Tenth — Hon.  S.  M.  Cullom,  General  J.  N.  Haynie,  Dr.  S.  H.  Melvin, 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  175 

of  Springfield,  Illinois,  and  Governor  William  Pickering,  of  Wash- 
ington Territory. 

Eleventh — O.  M.  Hatch,  Major  Brown,  Dr.  Phelps  and  E.  F.  Leon- 
ard. 

Twelfth — Senator  Anthony,  of  Rhode  Island ;  Senator  Nye,  of  Ne- 
vada ;  General  Farnsworth  and  Mr.  Washburne,  of  Illinois. 

Thirteenth — Governor  Stone,  Judge  Loughbridge  and  Mayor  Cork- 
hill,  of  Iowa,  and  S.  D.  Ward,  of  Chicago. 

Fourteenth — Mayor  Wallach,  of  Washington ;  Marshal  Phillips  and 
C.  A.  Page,  of  Illinois ;  and  U.  H.  Painter,  of  Pennsylvania. 

Fifteenth— -Ron.  J.  N.  Arnold,  of  Illinois;  Hon.  Leonard  Myers,  of 
Philadelphia;  Hon.  A.  H.  Rice,  of  Massachusetts,  and  Samuel  Hooper, 
of  Boston. 

Sixteenth — Mr.  T.  Pico  de  Villanueva,  Consul-General  of  Spain ; 
Mr.  L.  Borg,  acting  Consul-General  of  France ;  General  Paez,  of 
Venezuela,  and  N.  Zeo,  Vice-Consnl  of  Spain. 

Seventeenth — Senator  Ramsay,  of  Minnesota;  Senator  Cowan,  of 
Pennsylvania;  General  Schenck,  M.  C.,  of  Ohio;  Colonel  Whaley, 
M.  C.,  of  West  Virginia. 

Eighteenth — Mayor  Tyler,  of  New  Haven ;  ex-Governor  Newell, 
M.  C.,  of  New  Jersey;  Sidney  Clarke,  M.  C.,  from  Kansas;  G.  A. 
Newell  and  Alderman  McKnight,  of  New  York. 

'Nineteenth — Mr.  Terry  and  Mr.  Driggs,  of  Michigan  ;  Mr.  Phelps  of 
Maryland,  and  Mr.  Shannon,  of  California. 

Twentieth — Mr.  Wallace,  Delegate  from  Idaho ;  Hon.  Geo.  H.  Wil- 
liams, Senator  from  Oregon ;  Hon.  Anson  Herrick,  M.  C.,  New  York 
city  ;  Dr.  James  T.  Brown,  assistant  embaliner  of  the  body  of  the 
late  President,  of  Washington  city. 

Twenty-first — Senator  Clarke  and  Governor  Smith,  of  New  Hamp- 
shire ;  Joseph  Bailey,  M.  C.,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  Senator  Harris, 
of  New  York. 

Twenty-second — George  T.  Brown,  Sergeant-at-Arms  of  the  Senate ; 
N.  G.  Ordway,  Sergeaut-at-Arms  of  the  House  of  Representatives, 
and  their  assistants. 

The  foreign  representatives  were  dressed  in  full  court 
costume,  wearing  on  their  persons  the  insignia  of  their 
rank.  Many  of  them  wore  sidearms,  and  all  wore  the 
usual  badge  of  mourning. 

The  whole  division  was  in  charge  of  N.  B.  Laban,  as- 


176  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

sisted  by  William  M.  Tweed,  Jr.,  as  aid  ;  the  second  in 
command  being  Colonel  Yan  Brunt,  W.  E.  Vermilyea,  Jr., 
and  S.  E.  Brunell,  acting  as  aids. 
The  following  is  the  order  in  which  this  division  took 

its  place  in  the  procession : 

The  members  of  both  Boards  of  the  Common  Council, 
twenty  abreast,  preceded  by  their  Sergeant-at-Arms,  all 
wearing  the  usual  mourning  badge  on  the  left  arm,  and 
carrying  in  their  hands  their  staves  of  office  shrouded  in 
crape,  the  attaches  of  both  boards  following  in  their  pro- 
per places. 

Next  in  order  came  the  delegations  that  accompanied 
the  remains  from  Washington,  followed  by  delegations 
from  the  Common  Councils  of  Washington,  Baltimore, 
Philadelphia,  Brooklyn,  Jersey  City  and  other  cities. 

Comptroller  Brennan,  City  Inspector  Boole,  Commis- 
sioner Miller ;  Board  of  Croton  Commissioners,  headed 
by  President  Stephens;  Counsel  to  Corporation,  Devlin, 
with  Eobert  A.  Bradford,  Esq. ;  City  Chamberlain  Devlin 
and  clerks ;  Fire  Commissioner  Wilson,  and  colleagues  of 
the  Board  of  Fire  Commissioners ;  Board  of  Appeals  of 
Fire  Department ;  Chief  Engineer  Decker  and  assistants ; 
Supervisors,  with  their  president  and  sergeant- at- arms  ; 
Commissioners  Bell,  Mcholson,  Bo  wen  and  Brennan  ; 
Board  of  Police  Commissioners,  Messrs.  Acton,  Berger, 
McMurray  and  Bosworth,  with  their  clerks;  Board  of 
Education,  headed  by  President  McLean ;  the  faculty  of 
the  Free  Academy,  with  the  venerable  President  Web- 
ster at  their  head ;  the  Central  Park  Commissioners ; 
Tax  Commissioners  Brown,  Purser  and  Woodruff,  and 
clerks ;  Commissioners  of  Emigration ;  Coroners  and  their 
deputies,  Eecorder  Hoffman  and  City  Judge  Bussell ; 
Board  of  Police  Magistrates,  Judges  Bernard,  Suther- 
land and  Ingraham,and  clerks;  Judges  Monell,  Barbour, 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  IV  7 

McCutm,  Moucrief,  Robertson,  Daly,  Brady  and  Cardoza : 
these  Judges  were  all  attended  by  their  clerks  and  offi- 
cers, wearing  appropriate  emblems  of  mourning ;  District 
Attorney  Hall  and  assistants,  with  clerks  ;  County  Clerk 
Conner  and  other  county  officials. 

The  Collector's  office,  in  the  absence  of  Mr.  Draper, 
was  represented  by  Deputy  Collectors  Clinch  and  Em- 
bury, accompanied  by  the  Collector's  private  secretary 
and  the  officers  of  the  department.  Surveyor  Wakeman 
and  his  deputies  headed  the  revenue  officers,  who  turned 
out  a  very  fine  looking  body  of  men,  all  dressed  in  black, 
wearing  crape  on  the  left  arm  and  mourning  rosettes  on 
the  left  breast;  Naval  Officer  Dennison,  deputies,  clerks 
and  other  attaches  of  the  office. 

The  Post-Office  Department,1"  headed  by  Postmaster 
Kelly,  turned  out  a  very  large  force.  A  very  handsome 
black  banner,  fringed  with  silver  lace  and  surmounted  by 
a  small  gilt  eagle,  pendent  from  the  beak  of  which  was  a 
small  mourning  wreath,  was  borne  in  front,  with  the  name 
of  the  department  in  silver  letters  inscribed  in  the  centre. 

Collectors  and  assessors  of  internal  revenue,  with  their 
officers,  clerks  and  attaches,  then  followed.  The  United 
States  Marshal's  office  was  represented  by  Joseph  Thomp- 
son, first  deputy  (Mr.  Murray  being  absent).  Captain 
Lansing  and  the  officers  of  the  old  Independent  Conti- 
nental Guard,  dressed  in  full  uniform,  formed  the  escort 
to  the  officers  of  the  Marshal's  office  and  the  officers  of 
the  Federal  courts  and  United  States  District  Attorney's 
office.  Judge  Benedict  represented  the  United  States 
Court  for  the  Eastern  district  of  New  York,  and  the 
United  States  Circuit  Court  was  represented  by  Kenneth 
J.  White,  clerk,  and  United  States  Commissioner,  and 
the  other  officers  and  attaches  of  the  court. 

The  Sub-Treasurer,  clerks  and  employes  of  the  Assay 
9 


378         .-  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

*? 

office  took  their  place  in  the  line  after  the  officers  of  the 
United  States  courts.  All  these  civic  federal  organiza- 
t  ions  marched  twenty  abreast,  and  formed  a  solid  line 
extending  from  the  front  of  the  City  Hall,  through  City 
I  lall  square,  Centre  and  Chambers  streets,  to  the  office 
of  the  United  States  Marshal. 

The  officers  of  the  United  States  Navy  Yard  of  Brook- 
lyn, headed  by  Captain  Case  and  the  ex- officers  of  the 
United  States  Army,  and  the  officers  and  ex-officers  of 
t  lie  United  States  volunteers,  brought  up  the  rear  of  this 
division.  The  time  occupied  by  the  division  in  passing 
a  given  point  was  nearly  an  hour,  and  at  a  moderate  es- 
1  imate  there  must  have  been  nearly,  if  not  quite,  twelve 
1  housand  persons  comprised  in  this  part  of  the  procession. 

The  Third  division  was  led  by  Colonel  Frank  E.  Howe, 
Grand  Marshal,  and  his  aids,  J.  A.  Stevens,  Jr.,  and  Maj. 
James  K.  Smith.  They  were  succeeded  by  the  band  and 
drum  corps  of  the  Twelfth  United  States  infantry  from 
Fort  Hamilton,  who  were  immediately  in  front  of  a  de- 
tachment of  about  forty  of  the  Hawkins  Zouaves,  carry- 
ing old  battle  flags,  draped  in  mourning,  under  Lieuten- 
ant Jackson.  This  division  composed  the  professional, 
literary,  political  and  social  associations  of  the  city. 

The  Fourth  division  was  composed  exclusively  of  the 
Masonic  fraternity,  Odd  Fellows  and  other  orders.  At- 
tired in  uniform  black  habilliments,  and  aided  only  by  sim- 
ple, unpretending  mourning  badges  and  sprigs  of  acacia 
— the  emblem  of  immortality — their  appearance  was  strik- 
ing in  the  extreme,  and  appropriate  to  the  mournful  oc- 
casion. This  division  was  headed  by  General  Hobart 
Ward,  Marshal,  and  his  aids,  and  a  brass  band. 

The  Fifth  division  was  composed  of  Irishmen.  Green 
and  gold,  mingled  with  the  solemn  badge  of  the  grave,  were 
the  devices  which  each  man  wore  in  the  ranks.  On  arm, 


LINCOLN   MEMORIAL.  179 

shoulder  and  breast  each  member  of  each  Irish  society 
wore  some  emblem  expressive  of  sympathy  for  the  dead. 
Even  the  little  children,  the  sons  of  Irish  parents,  with 
their  neat  little  green  jackets  slashed  with  gold,  were  pro- 
vided by  their  patriotic  fathers  and  mothers  with  badges 
suitable  to  the  solemn  occasion. 

The  Sixth  division  embraced  the  Mechanics'  Associa- 
tions and  the  New  York  Caulkers'  Association,  number- 
ing one  thousand  strong.  In  front  they  carried  a  hand- 
some obelisk,  elaborately  draped  in  mourning,  with  a  dial 
on  either  side,  stopped  at  twenty- two  minutes  past  seven, 
and  the  inscription :  "  A  Dark  Hour  in  History"  About 
the  centre  of  the  obelisk  was  a  mourning  wreath,  surround- 
ing the  name — "  Lincoln."  In  front,  near  the  base,  beauti- 
fully executed,  was  the  inscription :  "  In  Memory  of  De- 
parted Worth"  Two  American  flags  were  crossed  in  the 
rear  of  the  monument,  thickly  draped  in  mourning. 
Other  associations  bore  banners  appropriately  inscribed. 
The  Seventh  division,  consisting  entirely  of  trades  and 
societies,  presented  a  sight  exceedingly  melancholy,  bear- 
ing banners  draped  in  excellent  taste,  and  exhibiting 
mournful  inscriptions — representing  the  sentiments  of  na- 
tive born  Italians,  Germans,  Scotsmen,  as  well  as  of  na- 
tive born  American  workingmen. 

The  Eighth  division  was  composed  of  citizens  and  soci- 
eties of  Brooklyn,  Colonel  E.  J.  Fowler,  Marshal.  Aids, 
Dr.  Jas.  T.  Farley,  John  Vliet,  Henry  Mitchell,  and  Chas. 
Carroll  Sawyer. 

Following  the  Eighth  division  were  the  colored  popu- 
lation of  New  York,  who,  though  deprived  of  an  invita- 
tion to  join  the  grand  pageant,  having  formed  in  Eeade 
street,  patiently  awaited  the  arrival  of  the  left  of  the 
Eighth  division,  and  then  joined  in  the  procession,  num- 
bering at  least  two  thousand  persons.  They  were  prece- 
ded by  a  banner  bearing  the  following  inscription : — 


ISO  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

"  Abraham  Lincoln,  our  Emancipator.'1''  On  the  reverse 
side  of  which  were  the  following  words : — "  Two  Millions 
of  Bondsmen  he  Liberty  Gave."  All  along  the  route,  and 
particularly  in  Union  square,  the  colored  division  was  ve- 
hemently applauded  by  the  crowded  assemblages. 

The  New  York  Herald,  describing  the  memorable  scenes 
of  the  occasion  and  the  conduct  of  the  throngs  of  people 
which  filled  the  streets  and  the  public  squares  along  the 
entire  line  of  March  up  Broadway  to  Fifth  Avenue,  and 
hence  along  Twenty-sixth-street,  thence  to  the  Albany 
Depot,  said : 

"  The  entire  mass,  such  as  in  size  this  city  never  before 
saw,  seemed  to  be  animated  by  one  sentiment,  and  con- 
trolled by  one  impulse.  High  and  low,  rich  and  poor, 
jnative  and  foreign  born,  all  seemed  to  be  touched  by  the 
one  sentiment  of  regret  and  sadness,  that  subdued  the 
natural  tendency  of  great  masses  to  indulge  in  mild  forms 
of  mob  violence,  and  made  them  as  quiet,  as  peaceable, 
as  orderly,  as  the  congregation  the  country  church  bell 
calls  to  prayers  on  a  mid-summer-day.  The  city  never 
saw  a  greater  throng,  nor  a  more  orderly  one.  The  ad- 
venturous urchin  that  climbed  the  trees  overlooking  the 
Park,  dropped  for  the  time  being  his  outlandish  calls  for 
his  comrades  with  outlandish  names,  and  sat  solemnly  and 
quietly  and  watched  the  funeral  procession  with  a  dignity 
and  a  seriousness  rarely  witnessed  in  the  Park  from  fur- 
tive youths.  There  were  no  incidents,  such  as  spring  up 
and  are  garnered  by  the  argus-eyed  reporter  on  other  oc- 
casions in  the  City  Hall  Park.  The  people  were  too  sad 
and  depressed  to  indulge  in  mirth  or  sportive  tricks.  Ko 
one  was  drunk  to  create  a  disturbance,  and  no  one  was 
elated  enough  to  attract  attention.  So  the  people,  with 
tearful  eyes  under  the  shadow  of  the  great  affliction, 
watched  patiently  and  unmurmuringly  the  moving  of  the 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  181 

honored  dead  and  mournful  procession,  and  silently 
breathed  over  them  their  most  heartfelt  and  fervent 
prayers,  and  saw  it  go  from  them  with  a  pang  at  every 
heart  and  a  sigh  from  every  lip.  .  Such  an  occasion,  such 
a  crowd,  and  such  a  day  New  York  may  never  see  again. 
The  world  never  witnessed  so  grand  a  collection  of  well- 
dressed,  intelligent,  and  well-behaved  beings,  male  and 
female,  as  thronged  the  streets  of  New  York  yesterday 
and  gathered  around  the  bier  of  the  leader  of  the  nation. 
No  outbreak,  no  violence,  no  feverish  commotion  marked 
the  immense  gathering.  All  was  tranquil,  free  from  dis- 
turbance, and  as  peaceable  as  the  flow  of  the  mighty 
Hudson.  It  was  a  proud  day  for  New  York,  and  a  new 
evidence  to  the  world  of  the  well-founded  strength  of  re- 
publican institutions." 

The  decorations  along  Broadway  and  Fifth  Avenue 
were  in  such  impressive  harmony  with  the  suggestions 
and  lessons  of  the  day,  that  many  of  them  deserve  per- 
manent record. 

On  one  of  the  columns  between  the  doors  of  the  store 
at  353  Broadway,  was  a  miniature  monument,  and  imme- 
diately beneath  the  following  :  "Just  in  the  fulfillment  of 
Ids  executive  appointments — judicious  in  the  selection  of  Ms 
state  co-workers — wise  in  the  administration  of  his  govern- 
mental functions — he  has  established  a  reputation  for  truth, 
wisdom  and  justice,  as  stable  in  its  continuance  as  it  was  ex- 
alting in  its  realization." 

At  No.  247  was  the  motto — "  The  workman  dies,  but  the 
tcork  goes  on." 

At  No.  303  a  temporary  framework  was  erected,  which 
was  covered  with  black,  festooned  and  trimmed  with 
white  fringe  and  tassels,  and  on  the  top  was  an  eagle, 
covered  with  crape,  on  either  side  of  which  was  a  small 
flag,  also  draped  in  mourning. 


182  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

At  No.  372  was  the  following  :  "  Your  cause  ef  sorrow 
must  not  be  measured  by  his  worth ;  for  then  there  would  be 
no  end." 

At  429  was  a  large  banner  inscribed  as  follows  :  "His 
deeds  have  made  his  name  immortal." 

Then  followed  the  lines  of  which  our  late  President  was 
so  fond,  commencing :  "  Oh .'  why  should  the  spirit  of  mor- 
tals be  proud.11 
.n  At  446  was  the  inscription— 

- : . ;  i  i "  Let  others  hail  the  rising  sun, 

We  bow  to  him  whose  race  is  run." 

At  546  the  following  words  appeared :  "  The  life,  the 
right  and  truth  of  all  this  realm  is  fled  to  heaven." 

Under  the  Metropolitan  Hotel  was  a  handsome  mono- 
gram of  A.  L.,  and  underneath  the  following : 

"  He  rose, 


Till  the  plain  tiller  of  the  sod 
Tower'd  o'er  his  peers  in  mind  and  soul,  a  god. 
The  assassin's  hand  bestowed  the  martyr's  crown, 
And  the  wide,  wide  world  now  echoes  his  renown. 
The  insulted  nation,  bowed  with  bitterest  grief, 
Demands  stern  vengeance  for  her  fallen  chief." 

At  Stuyvesant  Institute  was  the  following  motto  : 
"  Semper  honos,  nomenque  tuum,  laudesque  manebunt,"  sur- 
rounding the  name  "  Lincoln ;"  and  opposite,  on  the  ar- 
mory of  the  Ninth  Eegiment,  was  the  following  :  "  Though 
the  assassin  has  rendered  inanimate  the  noble  and  generous 
heart,  yet  the  spirit  which  God  has  called  to  Heaven  still 
hovers  around  us,  and  its  influence  in  the  cause  of  Liberty 
and  Union  shall  remain  forever." 

Immediately  over  this  was  a  shield  with  the  words — 

"  A  time  for  weeping, 
But  vengeance  is  not  sleeping." 

•  Next  door  to  the  Institute  were  the  following  in  white 
letters  on  a  black  ground  : 


LINCOLN    MEMORIAL.  1.8.5 

"  Statesman,  yet  friend  to  truth,  of  soul  sincere  ; 
• 

In  action  faithful  and  in  honor  clear ; 

Who  broke  no  promise,  serv'tl  no  private  end; 
Who  gained  no  title  and  who  lost  no  friend." 
"Thou  art  the  ruins  of  the  noblest  man. 
That  ever  lived  in  the  tide  of  time. 
Woe  to  the  hand  that  shed  this  costly  blood-" 

At  Gurney's  was  the  following1  tribute  to  the  late  Presi- 
dent: 

"  Sleep,  martyred  hero,  sleep  ! 
Thy  going  to  thy  great  and  just  reward, 
Among  the  faithful  aud  the  good  whose  lives 
Are  stainless  lives,  hath  left  a  gloom 
Upon  a  nation's  and  a  people's  joy. 
A  silent  city  from  its  domes  and  towers, 
With  universal  tears  flings  out  its  signs  of  woe. 
Great  husbandman,  though  lost  to  us, 
Thou  yet  hadst  time  to  scatter  far  the  seeds 
Whose  future  fruit  shall  yet 
Adorn  the  times  ;  aud  of  thy  tillage 
Shall  our  annals  speak 
And  make  a  record  of  thy  deeds  and  name, 
Eternal  as  our  principle." 

At  753  the  black  drapery  over  the  windows  was  forme  I 
so  as  to  leave  a  diamond-shaped  space,  in  which  were  tlio, 
following  words  on  a  white  ground:  "In  perpetuam  rei 
memoriam." 

At  757  both  windows  were  covered  with  black;  on  one 
was  the  following:  "A.  Justice  to  traitors  is" — and  on 
the  other — "L.  Mercy  to  the  people." 

At  763  was  the  inscription — 

^'The  good  aud  great  to  God  belong 

Of  every  age  and  time; 
Columbia  hath  her  sacrifice 
'Laid  on  the  hallowed  shrine. 
Slavery's  tyrant  chain  is  broke; 

The  swarthy  bondman  now  is  free ; 
A  nation's  chieftain  lowly  laid, 
Eucharist  of  Liberty."  ' * 


184  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Between  the  stanzas  was  a  likeness  of  the  late  Presi- 
dent, and  on  either  side  a  couplet  of  draped  flags. 

On  the  northwest  corner  of  Twelfth  street  a  scroll  bore 
this  inscription :  "A  glorious  career  of  service  and  devo- 
tion is  crowned  with  a  martyr's  death." 

Next  door  to  the  above  was  the  following,  on  a  white 
ground  :  "  Well  done,  thou  good  and  faithful  servant." 

At  823  was  a  scroll  with  this  inscription  :  "  Barbar- 
ism of  slavery,  can  barbarism  furlher  go?" 

Nearly  opposite  the  Spingler  House  a  new  testimonial 
commanded  general  notice.  The  space  which  it  occupied 
was  about  ten  or  twelve  feet  square,  and  a  railing  of  the 
rustic  order,  partially  Gothic  in  shape,  surrounded  it.  It 
resembled  a  miniature  monument,  the  pedestal  and  the 
column  being  of  the  ordinary  model.  On  the  former 
appeared  the  name — now  too  famous  to  be  preceded  by 
initials — "  Lincoln" 

The  panels  of  the  pedestal  bore  appropriate  sentences. 
On  the  first  was  the  adieu  to  the  departed :  "  Good 
night !  and  flights  of  angels  sing  thee  to  thy  rest." 

The  marble  next  this  had  the  words  of  the  late  Presi- 
dent: "  With  malice  towards  none;  with  charity  for  all." 

On  the  third  was  the  inscription :  "  There's  a  great 
spirit  gone  !" 

On  the  last  panel  was  the  quotation  from  Shakspeare : 

"  His  life  was  gentle,  and  the  elements 
So  mixed  in  him,  that  nature  might  stand  up 
And  say  to  all  the  world — 
This  was  a  man." 

From  the  base  of  the  column  above  the  panels  four 
beautiful  wreaths  of  immortelles,  inlaid  with  crosses  of 
jet,  were  suspended,  giving  grace  and  finish  to  the  testi- 
monial. 

On  the  southeast  coiner  of    Seventeenth   street   and 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  185 

Fifth  ayenue  a  tablet  bearing  the  following  inscription 
was  suspended  from  the  second  story :  "  The  heart  of  the 
nation  beats  heavily  at  the  portals  of  his  tomb." 

At  the  corner  of  Twenty-second  street  was  the  inscrip- 
tion :  "  And  the  Lord  blessed  Abraham  in  all  things." 

And  immediately  underneath :  "  Semper  honor  nomenque 
tuum  laudesque  manebunt" 

And  also : 

"  Oh,  earth,  so  full  of  dreary  noise  ! 
Oh,  men,  with  wailing  in  your  voice  .' 
Oh,  delved  gold,  the  wailers  heap  ! 
Oh,  war — oh,  curse,  that  o'er  it  fall ! 
God  makes  a  silence  through  you  all, 
And  giveth  His  beloved  sleep." 

At  176  was  a  shield,  on  which  was  inscribed  a  cross, 
and  underneath  the  words:  "Martyr."  "Montez  au 
del." 

CEREMONIES  IN  UNION-SQUARE. 

Shortly  after  the  procession  had  passed  through  Union- 
square,  a  meeting  was  held  for  the  purpose  of  rendering 
fitting  testimonials  of  respect  and  reverence  for  the  char- 
acter of  President  Lincoln,  and  joining  in  appropriate 
religious  exercises. 

A  large  stand  had  been  erected,  which  was  decorated 
with  the  national  colors  draped  in  black,  and  a  broken 
column,  round  the  base  of  which  a  roll  of  black  crape 
was  placed.  To  the  right  of  the  stand,  was  a  pedestal 
bearing  a  bust  of  President  Lincoln,  executed  by  Thomas 
D.  Jones.  It  was  draped  in  mourning,  and  attracted 
much  attention.  About  two  thousand  persons  collected 
in  front  of  the  stand,  among  whom  were  many  ladies  of 
Ohio,  and  the  windows  and  doorways  of  the  houses 
within  sight  and  hearing  distance  of  the  stand  were 
crowded. 


.   86  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

On  the  stand  were  large  representations  of  the  clergy, 
and  deputations  from  the  Union,  New  York,  Century, 
Atheneum,  City,  Union  League,  Eclectic,  and  other 
clubs. 

Hon.  John  A.  King  presided.  The  exercises  were 
opened  with  prayer  by  Rev.  Stephen  H.  Tyng,  during 
which  the  assemblage  remained  uncovered. 

After  the  prayer,  the  band  played  the  "  Dead  March." 

Hon.  George  Bancroft  then  delivered  the  following 
oration : 

MB.  BANCROFT'S  ORATION. 

"  Our  grief  and  horror  at  the  crime  which  has  clothed 
the  continent  in  mourning,  find  no  adequate  expression 
in  words  and  no  relief  in  tears.  The  President  of  the 
United  States  of  America  has  fallen  by  the  hands  of  an 
assassin.  Neither  the  office  with  which  he  was  invested 
by  the  approved  choice  of  a  mighty  people,  nor  the  most 
simple-hearted  kindliness  of  nature  could  save  him  from 
the  fiendish  passions  of  relentless  fanaticism.  The  wail- 
ings  of  the  millions  attend  his  remains  as  they  are  borne 
in  solemn  procession  over  our  great  rivers,  along  the  sea- 
side, beyond  the  mountains,  across  the  prairie,  to  their 
final  resting-place  in  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi.  The 
echoes  of  his  funeral  knell  vibrate  through  the  world,  and 
the  friends  of  freedom  of  every  tongue  and  in  every  land 
are  its  mourners. 

"  Too  few  days  have  passed  away  since  Abraham  Lin- 
coln stood  in  the  flush  of  vigorous  manhood,  to  permit 
any  attempt  at  an  analysis  of  his  character  or  an  exposi- 
tion of  his  career.  We  find  it  hard  to  believe  that  his 
large  eyes,  which  in  their  softness  and  beauty  expressed 
nothing  but  benevolence  and  gentleness,  are  closed  in 
death ;  we  almost  look  for  the  pleasant  smile  that  brought 


LINCOLN   MEMORIAL.  187 

out  more  vividly  the  earnest  cast  of  his  features,  which, 
were  serious  even  to  sadness.  A  few  years  ago  he  was  a 
village  attorney,  engaged  in  the  support  of  a  rising  fam- 
ily, unknown  to  fame,  scarcely  named  beyond  his  neigh- 
borhood ;  his  administration  made  him  the  most  conspic- 
uous man  in  his  country,  and  drew  on  him  first  the  aston- 
ished gaze,  and  then  the  respect  and  ad:nira,tion  of  the 
world. 

"  Those  who  come  after  us  will  decide  how  much  of  the 
wonderful  results  of  his  public  career  is  due  to  his  own 
good  common  sense,  his  shrewd  sagacity,  readiness  of 
wit,  quick  interpretation  of  the  public  mind,  his  rare 
combination  of  fixedness  and  pliancy,  his  steady  tendency 
of  purpose ;  how  much  to  the  American  people,  who,  as 
he  walked  with  them  side  by  side,  inspired  him  with 
their  own  wisdom  and  energy;  and  how  much  to  the 
overruling  laws  of  the  moral  world,  by  which  the  selfish- 
ness of  evil  is  made  to  defeat  itself.  But  after  every 
allowance,  it  will  remain  that  members  of  the  government 
which  preceded  his  administration  opaned  the  gates  to 
treason,  and  he  closed  them ;  and  when  he  went  to  Wash- 
ington the  ground  on  which  he  trod  shook  under  his  feet, 
and  he  left  the  republic  on  a  solid  foundation ;  that  trai- 
tors had  seized  the  public  forts  and  arsenals,  and  he  re- 
covered them  for  the  United  States  to  whom  they  belong- 
ed ;  that  the  capital,  which  he  found  the  abode  of  slaves, 
now  the  home  only  of  the  free ;  that  the  boundless  public 
domain,  which  was  grasped  at,  and,  in  a  great  measure, 
held  for  the  diffusion  of  slavery,  is  now  irrevocably  de- 
voted to  freedom,  that  then  men  talked  a  jargon  of  a 
balance  of  power  in  a  republic  between  Slave  States  and 
Free  States,  and  now  the  foolish  words  are  blown  away 
forever  by  the  breath  of  Maryland,  Missouri  and  Tennes- 
see ;  that  a  terrible  cloud  of  political  heresy  rose  from 


188  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

the  abyss,  threatening  to  hide  the  light  of  the  suu,  and 
under  its  darkness  a  rebellion  was  rising  into  indefinable 
proportions ;  now  the  atmosphere  is  purer  than  ever 
before,  and  the  insurrection  is  vanishing  away ;  the  coun- 
try is  cast  into  another  mould,  and  the  gigantic  system 
of  wrong,  which  had  been  the  work  of  more  than  two 
centuries,  is  dashed  down,  we  hope,  forever.  And  as  to 
himself  personally :  he  was  then  scoffed  at  by  the  proud 
as  unfit  for  his  station,  and  now,  against  the  usage  of 
later  years,  and  in  spite  of  numerous  competitors,  he 
was  the  unbiased  and  the  undoubted  choice  of  the  Ameri- 
can people  for  a  second  term  of  service.  Through  all  the 
mad  business  of  treason  he  retained  the  sweetness  of  a 
most  placable  disposition ;  and  the  slaughter  of  myriads 
of  the  best  on  the  battle-field,  and  the  more  terrible  de- 
struction of  our  men  in  captivity  by  the  slow  torture  of 
exposure  and  starvation,  had  never  been  able  to  provoke 
him  into  harboring  one  vengeful  feeling  or  one  purpose 
of  cruelty.  / 

"  How  shall  the  nation  most  completely  show  its  sorrow 
at  Mr.  Lincoln's  death  1  How  shall  it  best  honor  his 
memory  1  There  can  be  but  one  answer.  He  was  struck 
down  when  he  was  highest  in  its  service,  and,  in  strict 
conformity  with  duty,  was  engaged  in  carrying  out  prin- 
ciples affecting  its  life,  its  good  name,  and  its  relations  to 
the  cause  of  freedom  and  the  progress  of  mankind.  Grief 
must  take  the  character  of  action,  and  breathe  itself  forth 
in  the  assertion  of  the  policy  to  which  he  fell  a  sacrifice. 
The  standard  which  he  held  in  his  hand  must  be  uplifted 
again,  higher  and  more  firmly  than  before,  and  must  be 
carried  on  to  triumph.  Above  everything  else,  his 
proclamation  of  the  1st  day  of  January,  1863,  declaring 
throughout  the  parts  of  the  country  in  rebellion  the  free- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  189' 

dom  of  all  persons  who  had  been  held  as  slaves,  must  be 
affirmed  and  maintained. 

"  Events,  as  they  rolled  onward,  have  removed  every 
doubt  of  the  legality  and  binding  force  of  that  proclama- 
tion. The  country  and  the  rebel  government  have  each 
laid  claim  to  the  public  service  of  the  slave,  and  yet  but 
one  of  the  two  can  have  a  rightful  claim  to  such  service. 
That  rightful  claim  belongs  to  the  United  States,  because 
every  one  born  on  their  soil,  with  the  few  exceptions  of 
the  children  of  travelers  and  transient  residents,  owes 
them  a  primary  allegiance.  Every  one  so  born  has  been 
counted  among  those  represented  in  Congress;  every 
slave  has  ever  been  represented  in  Congress — imperfectly 
and  wrongly  it  may  be — but  still  has  been  counted  and 
represented.  The  slave  born  on  our  soil  always  owed 
allegiance  to  the  General  Government.  It  may  in  time 
past  have  been  a  qualified  allegiance,  manifested  through 
his  master,  as  the  allegiance  of  a  ward  through  its  guard- 
ian or  of  an  infant  through  its  parent.  But  when  the 
master  became  false  to  his  allegiance  the  slave  stood  face 
to  face  with  -his  country,  and  his  allegiance,  which  may 
before  have  been  a  qualified  one,  became  direct  and  im- 
mediate. His  chains  fell  off,  and  he  stood  at  once  in  the 
presence  of  the  nation,  bound,  like  the  rest  of  us,  to  its 
public  defence.  Mr.  Lincoln's  proclamation  did  but  take 
notice  of  the  already  existing  right  of  the  bondman  to 
freedom.  The  treason  of  the  master  made  it  a  public 
crime  for  the  slave  to  continue  his  obedience;  the 
treason  of  a  State  set  free  the  collective  bondmen  of 
that  State. 

"  This  doctrine  is  supported  by  the  analogy  of  prece- 
dents. In  the  times  of  feudalism  the  treason  of  the  lord 
of  the  manor  deprived  him  of  his  serfs ;  the  spurious 
feudalism  that  existed  among  us  differs  in  many  respects 


190  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

from  the  feudalism  of  the  middle  ages,  but  so  far  the  pre- 
cedent runs  parallel  with  the  present  case — for  treason 
the  master  then,  for  treason  the  master  now  loses  his 
slaves. 

"  In  the  middle  ages  the  sovereign  appointed  another 
lord  over  the  serfs  and  the  land  which  they  cultivated  ; 
in  our  day  the  sovereign  makes  them  masters  of  their 
own  persons,  lords  over  themselves. 

"  It  has  been  said  that  we  are  at  war,  and  that  emanci- 
pation is  not  a  belligerent  right.  The  objection  disap- 
pears before  analysis.  In  a  war  between  independent 
powers  the  invading  foreigner  invites  to  his  standard  all 
who  will  give  him  aid,  whether  bond  or  free,  and  he  re- 
wards them  according  to  his  ability  and  his  pleasure  with 
gifts  or  freedom ;  but  when  at  a  peace  he  withdraws  from 
the  invaded  country  he  must  take  his  aiders  and  comfort- 
ers with  him  ;  or  if  he  leaves  them  behind,  where  he  has 
no  court  to  enforce  his  decrees,  he  can  give  them  no 
security,  unless  it  be  by  the  stipulations  of  a  treaty.  In 
a  civil  war  it  is  altogether  different.  There,  when  rebel 
lion  is  crushed,  the  old  government  is  restored,  and  its 
courts  resume  their  jurisdiction.  So  it  is  with  us  ;  the 
United  States  have  courts  of  their  own,  that  must  punish 
the  guilt  of  treason  and  vindicate  the  freedom  of  persons 
whom  the  fact  of  rebellion  has  set  free. 

"  Nor  may  it  be  said,  that  because  slavery  existed  in 
most  of  the  States  when  the  Union  was  formed,  it  cannot 
rightfully  be  interfered  with  now.  A  change  has  taken 
place,  such  as  Madison  foresaw,  and  for  which  he  pointed 
out  the  remedy.  The  constitutions  of  States  had  been 
transformed  before  the  plotters  of  treason  carried  them 
away  into  rebellion.  When  the  Federal  Constitution  was 
formed,  general  emancipation  was  thought  to  be  near ; 
and  everywhere  the  respective  legislatures  had  authority, 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  191 

in  the  exercise  of  their  ordinary  functions,  to  do  away 
with  slavery ;  since  that  time  the  attempt  has  been  made 
in  what  are  called  Slave  States  to  make  the  condition  of 
slavery  perpetual ;  and  events  have  proved  with  clearness 
of  demonstration,  that  a  constitution  which  seeks  to  con- 
tinue a  caste  of  hereditary  bondmen  through  endless 
generations  is  inconsistent  with  the  existence  of  republi- 
can institutions. 

"  So,  then,  the  new  President  and  the  people  of  the 
United  States  must  insist  that  the  proclamation  of  free- 
men shall  stand  as  a  reality.  And  moreover,  the  people 
must  never  cease  to  insist  that  the  Constitution  shall  be 
so  amended  as  utterly  to  prohibit  slavery  on  any  part  of 
our  soil  for  evermore. 

"  Alas !  that  a  State  in  our  vicinity  should  withhold  its 
assent  to  this  last  beneficent  measure  ;  its  refusal  was  an 
encouragement  to  our  enemies  equal  to  the  gain  of  a 
pitehed  battle,  and  delays  the  only  hopeful  method  of 
pacification.  The  removal  of  the  cause  of  the  rebellion 
is-  not  only  demanded  by  justice ;  it  is  the  policy  of 
mercy,  making  room  for  a  wider  clemency ;  it  is  the  part 
of  order  against  a  chaos  of  controversy;  its  success 
brings  with  it  true  reconcilement,  a  lasting  peace,  a  con- 
tinuous growth  of  confidence  through  an  assimilation  of 
the  social  condition.  Here  is  the  fitting  expression  of 
the  mourning  of  to  day. 

"  And  let  no  lover  of  his  country  say  that  this  warning 
is  uncalled  for.  The  cry  is  delusive  that  slavery  is  dead. 
Even  now  it  is  nerving  itself  for  a  fresh  struggle  for  con- 
tinuance. The  last  winds  from  the  South  waft  to  us  the 
sad  intelligence  that  a  man  who  had  surrounded  himself 
with  the  glory  of  the  most  brilliant  and  most  varied 
achievements,  who  but  a  week  ago  was  named  with 
affectionate  pride  among  the  greatest  benefactors  of  his 


192  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

country  and  the  ablest  Generals  of  all  time,  has  usurped 
more  than  the  whole  power  of  the  Executive,  and  under 
the  name  of  peace  has  revived  slavery  and  given  security 
and  political  power  to  traitors  from  the  Chesapeake  to 
the  Rio  Grande.  Why  could  not  he  remember  the  dying 
advice  of  Washington,  never  to  draw  the  sword  but  for 
self-defence  or  the  rights  of  his  country,  and  when  drawn, 
never  to  sheath  it  till  its  work  should  be  accomplished1? 
And  yet  from  this  bad  act,  which  the  people  with  one 
united  voice  condemn,  no  great  evil  will  follow  save  the 
shadow  on  his  own  fame.  The  individual,  even  in  the 
greatness  of  military  glory,  sinks  into  insignificance 
before  the  resistless  movements  in  the  history  of  man. 
No  one  can  turn  back  or  stay  the  march  of  Providence. 

"  No  sentiment  of  despair  may  mix  with  our  sorrow. 
We  owe  it  to  the  memory  of  the  dead,  we  owe  it  to  the 
cause  of  popular  liberty  throughout  the  world,  that  the 
sudden  crime  which  has  taken  the  life  of  the  President 
of  the  United  States  shall  not  produce  the  least  impedi- 
ment in  the  smooth  course  of  public  affairs.  This  great 
city,  in  the  midst  of  unexampled  emblems  of  deeply 
seated  grief,  has  sustained  itself  with  composure  and 
magnanimity.  It  has  nobly  done  its  part  in  guarding 
against  the  derangement  of  business  or  the  slightest 
shock  to  public  credit.  The  enemies  of  the  republic  put 
it  to  the  severest  trial,  but  the  voice  of  faction  has  not 
been  heard — doubt  and  despondency  have  been  unknown. 
In  serene  majesty  the  country  rises  in  the  beauty  and 
strength  and  hope  of  youth,  and  proves  to  the  world  the 
quiet  energy  and  the  durability  of  institutions  growing 
out  of  the  reason  and  affection  of  the  people. 

"  Heaven  has  willed  it  that  the  United  States  shall  live. 
The  nations  of  the  earth  cannot  spare  them.  All  the 
worn  out  aristocracies  of  Europe  saw  in  the  spurious 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  193 

feudalism  of  slavekoldiiig  their  strongest  outpost,  and 
banded  themselves  together  with  the  deadly  enemies  of 
our  national  life.  If  the  Old  World  will  discuss  the  re- 
spective advantages  of  oligarchy  or  equality ;  of  the 
union  of  church  and  state,  or  the  rightful  freedom  of  re- 
ligion ;  of  land  accessible  to  the  many  or  of  land  monopo- 
lized by  an  ever  decreasing  number  of  the  few,  the  Uni- 
ted States  must  live  to  control  the  decision  by  their  quiet 
and  unobtrusive  example.  It  has  often  and  truly  been 
observed  that  the  trust  and  affection  of  the  masses 
gather  naturally  round  an  individual ;  if  the  inquiry  is 
made  whether  the  man  so  trusted  and  beloved  shall  elicit 
from  the  reason  of  the  people  enduring  institutions  of 
their  own,  or  shall  sequester  political  power  for  a  super- 
intending dynasty,  the  United  States  must  live  to  solve 
the  problem.  If  a  question  is  raised  on  the  respective 
merits  of  Tirnoleon  or  Julius  Caesar,  of  Washington  or 
Napoleon,  the  United  States  must  be  there  to  call  to 
mind  that  there  were  twelve  Caesars,  most  of  them  the 
opprobrium  of  the  human  race,  and  to  contrast  with  them 
the  line  of  American  Presidents. 

"  The  duty  of  the  hour  is  incomplete,  our  mouruing  is 
insincere  if,  while  we  express  unwavering  trust  in  the 
great  principles  that  underlie  our  government,  we  do  not 
also  give  our  support  to  the  man  to  whom  the  people 
have  intrusted  its  administration. 

"  Andrew  Johnson  is  now,  by  the  Constitution,  the  Pres- 
ident of  the  United  States,  and  lie  stands  before  the  world 
as  the  most  conspicuous  representative  of  the  industrial 
classes.  Left  an  orphan  at  four  years  old,  poverty  and 
toil  were  his  steps  to  honor.  His  youth  was  not  passed 
in  the  halls  of  colleges ;  nevertheless  he  has  received  a 
thorough  political  education  in  statesmanship  in  the  school 
9* 


194  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

of  the  people  and  by  long  experience  of  public  life.  A 
village  functionary ;  member  successively  of  each  branch 
of  the  Tennessee  Legislature,  hearing  with  a  thrill  of  joy 
the  words,  "The  Union,  it  must  be  preserved;"  a  repre- 
sentative in  Congress  for  successive  years ;  Governor  of 
the  great  State  of  Tennessee,  approved  as  its  Governor 
by  re-election  ;  he  was  at  the  opening  of  the  rebellion  a 
Senator  from  that  State  in  Congress.  Then  at  the  Capitol, 
when  Senators,  unrebuked  by  the  Government,  sent  word 
by  telegram  to  seize  forts  and  arsenals,  he  alone  from  that 
Southern  region  told  them  what  the  Government  did  not 
dare  to  tell  them,  that  they  were  traitors,  and  deserved 
the  punishment  of  treason.  Undismayed  by  a  perpetual 
purpose  of  public  enemies  to  take  his  life,  bearing  up 
against  the  still  greater  trial  of  the  persecution  of  his  wife 
and  children,  in  due  time  he  went  back  to  his  State,  de- 
termined to  restore  it  to  the  Union,  or  die  with  the  Amer- 
ican flag  for  his  winding  sheet.  And  now,  at  the  call  of 
the  United  States,  he  has  returned  to  "Washington  as  a 
conqueror,  with  Tennessee  as  a  Free  State  for  his  trophy. 
It  remains  for  him  to  consummate  the  vindication  of  the 
Union. 

"  To  that  Union  Abraham  Lincoln  has  fallen  a  martyr. 
His  death,  which  was  meant  to  sever  it  beyond  repair, 
binds  it  more  closely  and  more  firmly  than  ever.  The 
blow  aimed  at  him,  was  aimed  not  at  the  native  of  Ken- 
tucky, not  at  the  citizen  of  Illinois,  but  at  the  man  who, 
as  President,  in  the  executive  branch  of  the  Government, 
stood  as  the  representative  of  every  man  in  the  United 
States.  The  object  of  the  crime  was  the  life  of  the  whole 
people ;  and  it  wounds  the  affections  of  the  whole  people. 
From  Maine  to  the  southwest  boundary  of  the  Pacific  it 
makes  us  one.  The  country  may  have  needed  an  imper- 
ishable grief  to  touch  its  inmost  feeling.  The  grave  that 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  195 

receives  the  remains  of  Lincoln,  receives  the  martyr  to 
the  Union ;  the  monument  which  will  rise  over  his  body 
will  bear  witness  to  the  Union ;  his  enduring  memory 
will  assist  during  countless  ages  to  bind  the  States  to- 
gether, and  to  incite  to  the  love  of  our  one  undivided, 
individual  country.  Peace  to  the  ashes  of  our  departed 
friend,  the  friend  of  his  country  and  his  race.  Happy 
was  his  life,  for  he  was  the  restorer  of  the  Republic ;  he 
was  happy  in  his  death,  for  the  manner  of  his  end  will 
plead  forever  for  the  union  of  the  States  and  the  freedom 

of  man." 

J. ......  .  •*. 

The  delivery  of  the  oration  was  frequently  interrupted 
by  applause. 

Eev.  Dr.  Joseph  P.  Thompson  was  introduced,  and  read 
President  Lincoln's  last  inaugural  address  in  a  very  im- 
pressive manner.  This  was  followed  by  the  reading,  by 
Eev.  W.  H.  Boole,  of  the  94th  Psalm,  which  was  pro- 
nounced by  the  inspired  Psalmist  against  the  enemies  of 
his  country.  Eev.  Dr.  Eogers  then  pronounced  a  prayer, 
in  which  he  thanked  God  that  our  late  President  had  been 
removed  from  among  us  without  even  a  shadow  on  his 
name,  and  that  a  Joshua  had  been  raised  up  to  replace 
him.  After  appropriate  music  by  the  band,  Eev.  Eabbi 
Isaacs,  of  the  Broadway  Synagogue,  read  a  selection  from 
the  Scriptures  and  delivered  a  short  prayer. 

Eev.  Dr.  Samuel  Osgood  then  read  the  following  hymn, 
composed  only  a  few  hours  previously,  by  William  0. 
Bryant : 

ODE— ABRAHAM  LINCOLN. 

O,  slow  to  smite  and  swift  to  spare, 

Gentle  and  merciful  and  just, 
Who  in  the  fear  of  God  did'st  bear 

The  sword  of  power,  the  nation's  trust. 


196  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

In  sorrow  by  thy  bier  we  stand, 

Amid  the  woe  that  hushes  all, 
And  speak  the  anguish  of  a  land 

That  shook  with  horror  at  thy  fall. 

Thy  task  is  done,  the  bond  are  free — 
We  bear  thee  to  an  honored  grave, 

Whose  noblest  monument  shall  be 
The  broken  fetters  of  the  slave. 

Pure  was  thy  life — its  bloody  close 
Hath  placed  thee  with  the  sons  of  light, 

Among  the  noblest  host  of  those 
Who  perished  in  the  cause  of  right. 

Dr.  Osgood  also  read  the  following  composition  of  Mr. 
Bryant,  which,  he  said  had  not  yet  been  published : 

FUNERAL  HYMN. 
"  Thou  hast  put  all  things  under  his  feet." 

X)  North,  with  all  thy  vales  of  green, 

O  South,  with  all  thy  palms, 
From  peopled  towns,  and  fields  between, 

Uplift  the  voice  of  psalms ; 
Raise,  ancient  East,  the  anthem  high, 
And  let  the  youthful  West  reply. 

Lo !  in  the  clouds  of  heaven  appears 

God's  well-beloved  Son ; 
He  brings  a  train  of  brighter  y  ears — 

His  Kingdom  is  begun ; 
He  comes,  a  guilty  world  to  bless 
With  mercy,  truth,  and  righteousness. 

O  Father,  haste  the  promised  hour 

When  at  his  feet  shall  lie 
All  rule,  authority  and  power 

Beneath  the  ample  sky ; 

-  ..  ,,  When  He  shall  reign  from  pole  to  pole, 

The  Lord  of  every  human  soul. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  197 

Archbishop  McClosky  being  unavoidably  absent,  the 
benediction  was  pronounced  by  Dr.  Hitchcock,  and  the 
assemblage  then  dispersed. 

DEPARTURE  PROM  NEW  YORK. 

At  three  o'clock,  the  head  of  the  procession  having 
reached  the  Hudson  Eiver  Eailroad  depot  in  Twenty-ninth 
street  between  Ninth  and  Tenth  avenues,  the  column 
halted  and  formed  in  line  facing  to  the  west,  to  allow  the 
hearse  and  escort  of  mourners  to  pass.  At  half-past  three 
the  approach  of  the  hearse  was  made  known  by  solemn 
refrains  of  bands  and  the  muffled  roll  of  martial  drums. 
As  it  passed  other  bands  and  other  drums  caught  up  the 
melancholy  notes,  regiments  brought  their  arms  to  a  pre- 
sent, officers  saluted  with  their  swords  and  colors  draped 
in  the  badges  of  mourning  were  lowered. 

When  the  head  of  the  procession  reached  the  railroad 
station  the  rear  of  it  had  not  passed  Fourteenth  street. 
It  must  have  contained  full  sixty  thousand  men. 
After  the  delivery  of  the  remains  to  the  charge  of  the 
railroad  authorities,  it  was  hours  before  the  rear  of  the 
procession  ceased  marching,  and  when  the  train,  contain- 
ing the  body  of  the  President,  started  from  the  depot  at 
4:15,  the  procession  was  still  progressing  up  Broadway. 

The  funeral  escort  passed  out  of  Ninth  avenue  into 
Twenty-ninth  street  in  the  following  order : — 

Mounted  troop,  Eighth  regiment,  New  York. 

Superintendent  Kennedy. 
Inspectors  Carpenter  and  Leonard. 

Broadway  Squad. 

Grand  Marshal  and  Aids. 

Grafulla's  Band. 

Seventh  regiment. 


198  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

General  Dix  and  Guard  of  Honor,  mounted. 


Escort. 


Naval  officers. 

The  Mayor  and  Governor  Fenton. 

Carriages  containing  foreign  representatives. 

Color  guard,  Irish  brigade. 

General  Dix's  body  guard. 

Police. 

The  Seventh  regiment  marched  on  the  sidewalk,  and, 
forming  into  full  battalion  front,  presented  arms  to  Gen- 
eral Dix  as  he  passed  by  them. 

The  General  and  guard  of  honor  dismounted  at  the  sec- 
ond entrance  and  advanced  to  meet  the  hearse,  which  had 
halted  midway  between  the  upper  and  lower  entrance  to 
the  depot. 

A  staircase  with  a  top  made  so  as  to  rest  on  the  side  of 
the  hearse  and  reaching  from  the  street,  was  then 
placed  in  position ;  the  sergeants  of  the  Invalid  corps  as- 
cended it,  and,  raising  the  coffin  descended  with  their 
burden  to  the  sidewalk.  The  guard  presented  arms  and 
all  the  spectators  uncovered.  The  pall-bearers,  prece- 
ded by  General  Dix,  then  marched  through  the  entrance 
into  the  depot,  where  they  were  met  by  the  guard  of  honor. 

In  an  article  upon  the  extraordinary  character  of  the 
obsequies,  and  the  unparalled  conduct  of  the  people  the 
New  York  Times,  said :  "  As  a  mere  pageant,  the  vast  out- 
pouring of  the  people,  the  superb  military  display,  the 
solemn  grandeur  and  variety  thrown  into  the  procession 
by  the  numberless  national,  friendly,  trade  and  other  civic 
societies ;  the  grand  accompaniment  of  music ;  and,  above 
all,  the  subdued  demeanor  of  the  countless  multitude  of 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  199 

onlookers,  made  the  day  memorable  beyond  the  experi- 
ence of  the  living  generation. 

*  *  *  #  *  *  # 

"  The  tribute,  unparalled  as  it  has  been,  in  its  character 
and  costliness,  was  not  the  heedless  offerings  of  prodigal- 
ity, but  primarily  a  prompt,  spontaneous  and  deliberate 
sacrifice  by  the  industrious,  the  frugal,  the  pecuniarily  re- 
sponsible body  of  the  people.  Viewed  as  such,  it  forms 
not  only  the  grandest  oblation  ever  made  on  the  altar  of 
departed  worth,  as  embodied  in  Statesman,  President  or 
Monarch,  but  it  raises  the  character  of  the  whole  nation 
far  above  the  imputation  of  sordiduess,  of  persistent  and 
unchangeable  devotion  to  Mammon,  so  falsely  urged 
against  it  by  outside  commentators,  whose  pleasure  and 
privilege  is  uniform  destruction.  And  we  may  also  say 
that,  in  the  presence  of  the  ready  self-sacrifice  which  our 
present  bereavement  has  illustrated,  the  theory  that  re- 
publics are  ungrateful  may  at  least  bear  revision." 

NEW  YORK  TO  ALBANY. 

Two  locomotive  engines  were  set  apart  by  the  Eailway 
company  for  the  conveyance  of  the  funeral  train  to 
Albany,  which  were  most  beautifully  and  appropriately 
decorated  with  mourning  symbols  for  the  occasion.  The 
"pilot  engine"  was  the  Constitution.  The  name  of  the 
locomotive  which  drew  the  train  was  the  Union,  and  the 
decorations  bestowed  upon  it  were  of  the  most  elaborate 
and  tasteful  description.  The  Union  conveyed  the  Presi- 
dent from  Albany  to  New  York,  while  on  his  first  tri- 
umphal progress  from  Springfield  to  Washington,  in 
1861.  Mr.  William  Kaymond  was  the  engineer  to  the 
train,  and  Mr.  J.  M.  Toucey,  assistant  superintendent  of 
the  road,  acted  as  conductor,  assisted  by  a  carefully 
selected  staff  of  breaksmen.  The  train  was  composed  of 


200  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

eight  cars,  besides  the  funeral  car,  seven  of  which  were 
furnished  by  the  railroad  company,  including  a  bag-gage 
car.  These  cars  were  new,  and  neatly  though  not  heavily 
draped  in  black. 

While  the  historic  group  standing  on  the  platform  was 
superintending  the  depositing  of  the  remains  in  the  car, 
its  number  was  added  to  by  the  unexpected  appearance 
of  Lieut.- Gen.  Scott.  The  old  General  was  simply  attired 
in  citizen's  clothes,  wearing  a  deep  crape  band  on  his  hat, 
and  was  wrapped  in  a  heavy  regulation  overcoat.  He 
was  greeted  with  great  feeling  by  the  knot  of  Generals 
who  comprised  the  escort  of  honor,  and  replied  to  their 
inquiries  after  his  health  with  cordiality.  The  General 
did  not  remain  in  the  depot  long,  but  after  a  cordial 
greeting  and  adieu  to  the  funeral  party,  retired  to  his 
carriage,  leaning  on  the  arm  of  a  friend. 

The  word  was  given,  and  the  parties  who  were  to 
accompany  the  remains  entered  the  cars  assigned  to 
them.  Governor  Feuton  was  accompanied  by  Generals 
Batcheller,  Merritt,  Harvey  and  Swain ;  Judges  Davies 
and  Porter,  of  the  Court  of  Appeals ;  Messrs.  Dawson 
and  Cassidy,  representing  the  press ;  Colonel  L.  L.  Doty, 
Lieutenant-Governor  Alvord,  with  Senators  D.  A.  Cole, 
W.  F.  Laimbeer  and  Eobert  Christie,  and  Assemblyman 
S.  P.  Ingraham.  General  Dix  also  formed  one  of  the 
escort,  accompanied  by  Colonel  McMahon  and  Captain 
Lord,  of  his  staff. 

At  4J  o'clock  the  depot  bell  rang,  and  in  a  few  minutes 
the  train  began  to  move  slowly  off.  As  it  passed  down 
the  platform  every  one  standing  upon  it  removed  his 
hat.  Outside  of  the  gate  of  the  depot  yard,  on  Tenth 
avenue,  the  immense  throng  stationed  there  received  in 
respectful  and  mournful  silence  the  very  brief  and  uiisat- 


LINCOLN  MEilOKIAL.  201 

isfactory  glimpse  they  gained  of  the  coffin.  The  usual 
hoarse  clangor  of  the  engine  bell  was  deadened  by  the 
tongue  being  muffled,  and  as  the  train  moved  off  it  gave 
an  indescribable  air  of  inournfulness  and  of  woe  to  the 
scene. 

The  train  passed  from  New  York  to  Albany  without 
stoppage,  except  for  a  few  minutes  at  Poughkeepsie, 
where  a  delegation  from  the  city  government  of  Albany 
met  it.  Along  the  entire  route  the  respect  and  sorrow  of 
the  people  were  appropriately  manifested.  At  Hastings, 
the  home  of  Commodore  Farragut,  a  striking  memorial 
was  erected  near  the  depot.  It  consisted  of  a  four  col- 
umned arch,  draped  with  mourning  and  flags,  and  bear- 
ing the  following  inscription :  "  We  will  cherish  tlie  mem- 
ory of  Abraham  Lincoln  by  supporting  the  principles  of  free 
government,  for  which  he  suffered  martyrdom." 

At  one  place  a  hundred  school  girls,  dressed  in  white, 
came  down  to  the  roadside.  At  another  the  track  was 
arched  high  over  the  cars  with  tablet  flags  and  drapery, 
and  the  inscription  "The  Nation  mourns  a  Nation's  loss." 
At  a  third  a  young  lady,  representing  the  Goddess  of 
Liberty,  knelt  upon  a  dais,  in  sorrowing  attitude,  ono 
hand  grasping  the  flag  whose  folds,  clad  in  transparent 
black,  fell  by  her  side,  while  the  other  rested  upon  and 
held  fast  to  a  floral  anchor.  Before  her,  on  the  samo 
dais,  was  a  small  monument,  deeply  and  darkly  clad,  in- 
scribed simply  "  Abraham  Lincoln."  At  West  Point  the 
Cadets  were  drawn  up  in  line,  half  minute  guns  were 
fired,  and  the  bands  discoursed  funeral  dirges.  After 
dark  torches  at  each  station  lighted  up  the  scene  for  the 
throngs  who  stood  by,  and  bonfires  blazed  from  jutting 
rocks  at  many  points. 


10 


202  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

•*-  ALBANY. 

The  funeral  train  arrived  at  Albany  at  eleven  o'clock. 
The  remains  were  received  at  the  depot  by  the  appointed 
committees  and  deposited  in  the  hearse,  which  was  drawn 
by  four  gray  horses  draped  and  plumed.  Carriages  were 
in  attendance  to  receive  the  Governor  and  Joint  Com- 
mittee. The  city  officials  and,  many  citizens  of  distinc- 
tion, with  members  of  the  Legislature,  were  also  present 
to  join  in  the  mourning  train.  The  night  was  murky, 
dry,  starlight,  still  and  pleasant.  From  the  depot  the 
cortege  moved  to  the  ferry  boat,  and  crossed  to  the  west 
side  of  the  Hudson  from  East  Albany.  About  a  dozen 
fire  companies  had  assembled  at  the  Albany  landing, 
bearing  their  lamp  torches.  Three  companies  of  militia 
from  the  Tenth  Regiment,  and  one  from  the  Twenty-fifth, 
were  in  attendance  as  escort.  The  streets  were  thronged 
as  they  had  never  been  before.  A  profusion  of  sable 
drapery  prevailed  at  the  depot,  on  the  boat,  and  at  every 
point  along  the  route,  from  the  landing  at  Albany  to  the 
platform  where  the  remains  lay  in  state  in  the  Assembly 
Chamber.  The  smoke  and  glare  of  the  torch-lights,  the 
silent  tramp  and  the  perfect  hush  of  the  people,  as  the 
cortege  moved  on  its  way  through  the  capital  of  the 
State,  was  very  impressive. 

A  large  baud  led  the  procession  with  a  dead  march. 
The  Governor  and  committee,  with  the  other  attending 
mourners  in  carriages,  followed  the  hearse,  the  Guard 
preceding  and  following,  while  the  firemen,  making  a 
flanking  line  on  either  side,  comprised  the  order  of  the 
procession  to  the  Capitol. 

At  one  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  April  26th,  the  coffin 
was  opened  and  the  face  of  the  martyred  President  ex- 
posed to  view  in  the  Capitol  of  New  York.  The  coffin 
rested  upon  a  simple  platform,  covered  with  black  velvet, 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  203 

with  silver  bullion ;  a  silk  flag  of  the  Union  was  wound 
around  it.  It  was  prepared  and  placed  there  by  Thurlow 
Weed's  daughter.  The  Assembly  Chamber  was  simply 
but  tastefully  draped  in  mourning;  one  inscription,  in 
black  relief,  extended  over  the  Speaker's  desk,  in  the 
words  of  Lincoln — "I  have  sworn  a  solemn  oath  to  preserve, 
protect  and  defend  the  government." 

The  people  were  admitted  in  two  lines,  and  passed  the 
corpse  in  unbroken  lines  until  two  hours  after  mid-day, 
when  the  doors  were  closed  and  the  procession  formed, 
which  escorted  the  hearse  and  its  honored  burden  to  the 
Central  Eailway  Depot.  A  reporter,  who  witnessed  the 
tribute  of  the  people  paid  to  the  memory  of  Mr.  Lincoln 
at  the  Capital  of  the  Empire  State,  said : 

"All  day  the  streets  have  been  crowded  with  people  to 
see  the  remains  of  the  late  beloved  President.  They 
.reached  from  the  Assembly  Chamber  at  the  Capitol  to 
the  foot  of  State-street,  in  a  prolonged  and  patient  line 
four  deep.  However  enthusiastic  and  earnest  the  feeling 
kindled  in  the  great  cities  through  which  the  funeral  pro- 
cession had  passed,  its  approach  through  the  State  to  the 
great  masses  of  the  rural  population  of  the  interior  indi- 
cates a  power  of  feeling  and  unanimity  of  sentiment 
which  must  present  permanent  results  in  the  public  opin- 
ion of  the  country  for  generations." 

Soon  after  two  o'clock,  the  procession  having  been 
formed  under  Grand  Marshal  Franklin  Townsend,  com- 
menced to  move  over  the  prescribed  route.  It  was 
composed  of  the  10th  and  25th  Eegiments  of  Albany,  the 
24th  and  the  Light-Horse  Battery  of  Troy,  the  State  and 
city  authorities,  the  Fire  Department,  and  a  large  num- 
ber of  civic  societies.  State-street,  from  the  Capitol  to 
Broadway,  and  Broadway,  from  State  to  Lumber  streets, 


204  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

altogether  a  distance  exceeding  a  mile,  was  densely 
packed  during  the  march.  Such  a  mass  of  human  beings 
(probably  not  less  than  60,000)  was  never  before  seen  in 
the  streets  of  Albany.  There  were  four  bands,  each  with 
a  full  drum  corps,  in  line ;  and  as  the  procession  moved 
down  the  hill,  the  bands  playing  "Love  Not,"  "Auld 
Lang  Syne,"  "  Come  and  let  us  worship,"  the  effect 
was  thrilling.  All  the  buildings  along  the  route  were 
draped  with  mourning.  Among  the  most  touching  mot- 
toes on  house  fronts  were  the  following :  "  The  heart  of 
the  Nation  throbs  heavily  at  the  portals  of  the  tomb."  "Let 
us  resolve  that  the  Martyred  dead  shall  not  have  died  in 
vain" 

ALBANY  TO  BUFFALO. 

The  funeral  train,  under  the  immediate  charge  of  Con 
ductor  Homer  P.  Williams,  the  General  Superintendent, 
H.  W.  Chillinden,  accompanying  it,  moved  from  the  Al- 
bany Depot  at  four  o'clock.  In  all  the  cities,  towns  and 
villages  along  the  thickly  populated  line  of  the  Central 
railway,  demonstrations  were  made  as  appropriate  and 
suggestive  as  any  which  had  been  witnessed  on  the  jour- 
ney from  Washington.  The  reporter  for  the  New  York 
Tribune  wrote  "  that  a  funeral  in  each  house  in  central 
New  York  would  hardly  have  added  solemnity  to  the 
day." 

The  following-named  gentlemen  accompanied  the  fu- 
neral procession  through  the  State  of  New  York,  by  in- 
vitation of  Gov.  Fenton :  Judges  Davies  and  Porter,  of 
the  Court  of  Appeals ;  Hon.  Chauncey  M.  Depew,  Secre- 
tary of  State;  Gens.  Alex.  W.  Harvey  and  George 
S.  Batchellor ;  E.  Merritt  and  S.  E.  Marvin,  Staff  Offi- 
cers ;  Col.  L.  L.  Doty,  of  the  Military  Bureau ;  George 
Dawson,  of  the  Albany  Journal,  andWm.  Cassady,  of  the 
Argus  and  Atlas.  Gov.  Fenton  himself  could  not  attend 


LINCOLN  MEMCXRIAL.  205 

the  party,  owing  to  the  fact  that  the  Legislature  was  on 
the  eve  of  adjournment. 

In  addition  to  the  usual  tokens  of  respect,  processions, 
firing  of  guns,  solemn  music,  sable  drapery,  there  were 
several  In  central  New  York  entitled  to  permanent 
record.  At  Schenectady  ladies  were  seen  shedding  tears. 
The  signal  men  bore  in  their  hands  white  square  flags, 
bordered  with  black.  At  Little  Falls  a  note,  of  which 
the  following  is  a  copy,  was  presented  in  behalf  of  the 

ladies : 

LITTLE  FALLS,  Wednesday  April  26. 

The  ladies  of  Little  Falls,  through  their  committee,  present  these 
flowers  and  the  shield,  as  an  emblem  of  the  protection  which  our 
beloved  President  ever  proved  to  the  liberties  of  the  American 
people. 

The  cross,  of  his  ever  faithful  trust  in  God,  and  the  tcreath  as  the 
token  that  we  mingle  our  tears  with  those  of  an  afflicted  nation. 

Mrs.  S.  M.  RICHMOND, 
Mrs.  E.  W.  HOPKINS, 
Mrs.  POWERS  GREEN, 
Mrs.  J  H.  BUCKLIN, 
Miss  MINNIE  HILL, 
Miss  HELEN  BROOKS, 
Miss  MARIA  BROOKS, 
Miss  MARY  SHAW, 

Committee. 

The  floral  emblems  were  deposited  on  the  coffin,  the 
band,  meanwhile,  performing  a  dirge.  Women  and  men 
were  moved  to  tears  at  this  solemn  exhibition  of  heart- 
felt regard. 

At  Syracuse,  the  sable  decorations  attracted  especial 
attention.  A  company  of  veteran  reserves  were  in  at- 
tendance to  pay  honors  to  the  illustrious  dead ;  a  band 
of  music  played  a  dirge  as  the  train  entered  the  depot, 
and  a  choir  of  an  hundred  voices  sang  appropriate  hymns 
during  the  stoppage  of  the  train.  A  small  bouquet  was 


206  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

handed  to  the  delegate  from  Idaho  (Hon.  W.  H.  Wallace), 
upon  which  were  the  appropriate  words — "  The  last  trib- 
ute of  respect  from  Mary  Virginia  Eaynor,  a  little  girl  of 
three  years  of  age.  Dated  Syracuse,  April  26,  1865." 
It  was  laid  on  the  President's  coffin  by  Gen.  Aken. 

The  train  reached  Eochester  at  twenty  minutes  past 
three  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  April  27th.  On  the  north 
side  of  the  railroad  station  were  drawn  up  in  line  the 
Fifty-Fourth  National  Guard  State  troops,  first  company 
of  Veteran  Eeserves,  and  hospital  soldiers  and  a  battery 
attached  to  the  Twenty-Fifth  brigade,  and  the  first  com- 
pany of  Union  Blues.  The  Independent  and  new  Marines 
regimental  band  played  a  funeral  dirge.  On  the  south 
side  were  the  Mayor  with  twenty-five  members  of  the  com- 
mon council  of  Eochester,  together  with  Gen.  John  Will- 
iams and  staff,  Major  Lee,  commanding  the  post,  with  his 
corps  of  assistants,  and  Gen.  Martindale  and  staff. 

The  funeral  party  had  been  increased  by  the  addition 
of  Ex-President  Fillmore,  and  Messrs.  J.  A.  Verplank, 
J.  Gallasten,  James  Sheldon,  S.  S.  Jewett,  Henry  Martin, 
Philip  Dorsheimer,  J.  P,  Slivens,  E.  S.  Prosser,  John 
Wilkinson,  Henry  Morrison,  !N".  P.  Hopkinson,  on  behalf 
of  the  Mayor  of  Buffalo. 

BUFFALO. 

The  firing  of  cannon  and  tolling  of  bells  announced  the 
arrival  of  the  train  bearing  the  remains  of  the  assasina- 
ted  Chief  of  the  Nation  at  Buffalo,  at  seven  o'clock  A.  M., 
April  27th.  It  was  met  at  the  depot  by  a  large  concourse 
of  people. 

The  procession  was  formed  between  7  and  8  o'clock  and 
proceeded  toward  St.  James'  Hall,  under  a  civil  and  mili- 
tary escort.  The  coffin  was  prominently  in  view  of  the 
very  many  persons  who  lined  the  streets  through  which 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  207 

the  cortege  passed.  The  hearse  was  heavily  covered  with 
black  cloth,  surmounted  with  au  arched  roof  and  tastefully 
trimmed  with  white  satin  and  silver  lace. 

An  extensive  display  of  the  military  and  civilians  was 
omitted,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  Buffalo  had  a  funeral 
procession  on  the  day  the  obsequies  took  place  at  Wash- 
ington. The  procession  reached  the  Young  Men's  Asso- 
ciation Building  at  9:35  A.  M.  The  body  was  taken  from 
the  funeral  car  and  carried  by  soldiers  up  into  St.  James' 
Hall,  and  deposited  on  the  dias  in  the  presence  of  the  ac- 
companying officers,  the  guards  of  honor,  and  the  Union 
Continentals,  commanded  by  N.  K.  Hall.  The  remains 
were  placed  under  a  crape  canopy,  extending  from  the  ceil- 
ing to  the  floor.  The  space  was  lighted  by  a  large  chan- 
delier. In  the  gallery  outside  the  canopy,  was  the  Buffalo 
St.  Cecelia,  Society,  an  amateur  American  music  associa- 
tion, who,  as  the  remains  were  brought  in,  sang  with  deep 
pathos  the  dirge,  "  Best,  spirit,  rest,"  affecting  every 
heart  and  moving  many  to  tears.  The  society  then  placed 
an  elegantly  formed  harp,  made  of  choice  white  flowers, 
at  the  head  of  the  coffin  as  a  tribute  from  them  to  the 
honored  dead.  Shortly  after  this  the  public  were  admit- 
ted. Ex-President  Fillmore  was  among  the  civilians  es- 
corting the  remains  to  St.  James'  Hall.  Company  D,  Sev- 
enty-Fourth regiment,  Capt.  J.  C.  Bowles,  which  acted  as 
an  escort  to  President  Lincoln  four  years  previous,  from 
and  to  the  depot,  on  his  way  to  Washington,  took  part  in 
the  funeral  procession.  The  remains  were  visited  through 
the  day  from  half-past  nine  in  the  morning  until  eight  in 
the  evening  by  an  immense  number  of  persons.  During 
the  morning  there  was  placed  at  the  foot  of  the  coffin  an 
anchor  of  white  camelias,  from  the  ladies  of  the  Unitarian 
Church  of  Buffalo.  A  cross  of  white  flowers  was  also  laid 
upon  the  coffin. 


208  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

The  procession,  with  the  remains,  left  St.  James'  Hall 
about  8:45  o'clock,  escorted  to  the  depot  by  the  military, 
followed  by  a  large  crowd.  The  train  left  at  about  10 
o'clock  for  Cleveland. 

BUFFALO  TO   CLEVELAND. 

Between  Buffalo  and  Cleveland  the  people  of  New 
York,  Pennsylvania  and  of  Ohio,  testified  in  great  num- 
bers and  with  tasteful  symbols  and  elaborate  demonstra- 
tions, respect  which  was  heartfelt,  and  sorrow  which 
sought  close  sympathy. 

At  Dunkirk,  a  group  of  thirty-six  young  ladies,  repre- 
senting the  States  of  the  Union,  appeared  on  the  railway 
platform,  dressed  in  white,  each  with  a  broad,  black 
scarf  resting  on  the  shoulder,  and  holding  in  her  hand  a 
national  flag. 

At  Westfield,  at  one  o'clock  in  the  morning,  a  party  of 
five  ladies,  namely,  Mrs.  Drake,  wife  of  Col.  Drake,  killed 
at  Cold  Harbor ;  Mrs.  F.  B.  Brewer,  Mrs.  L.  A.  Skinner, 
and  Miss  Abbie  and  Miss  Elizabeth  Tucker,  brought  in  a 
cross  and  a  wreath  of  flowers.  On  the  cross  were  the 
words — "Ours  the  Cross;  Thine  the  Crown."  All  of 
them  were  affected  to  tears,  and  considered  it  a  sacred 
privilege  to  kiss  the  coffin. 

At  the  line  which  separates  New  York  from  Pennsyl- 
vania, Major  Gen.  Dix  and  staff  took  leave  of  the  funeral 
procession,  and  F.  F.  Farrar,  Mayor  of  Erie ;  George  W. 
Starr,  F.  B.  Vincent,  E.  P.  Bennett,  J.  T.  Walsher  and 
Capt.  F.  A.  Eoe,  U.  S.  N.,  came  on  board  the  cars. 

Miss  Leonora  Crawford,  aged  12  years,  at  this  point 
presented  a  cross  and  wreath  with  the  words  "  Best  in 
Peace,"  attached.  The  scene  was  illuminated  by  a  large 
bonfire  and  Chinese  lanterns. 

At  Wickliffp,  Governor  Brough,  on  behalf  of  Ohio,  re- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  209 

ceived  the  funeral  party.  At  that  point  his  staff  joined 
him,  consisting  of  Genl.  B.  E.  Cowen,  Adjt.-Genl, ;  Genl. 
Merrill  Barlow,  Q.  M.  Genl. ;  Genl.  E.  N.  Barr,  Surgeon- 
Genl. ;  Col.  Sidney  D.  Maxwell,  Aid-de-Camp ;  Lt.-Col. 
John  T.  Mercer,  Asst.  Adjt.-Genl. ;  F.  A.  Marble,  Esq., 
Private  Secretary. 

Major-Genl.  Joseph  Hooker,  commanding  the  Northern 
Department  of  Ohio,  also  joined  the  funeral  party  at 
Wickliffe,  under  orders  from  the  War  Department,  to 
accompany  the  President's  remains  to  Springfield,  with 
his  staff",  including  Col.  Swords,  Asst.  Q.  M.  Genl. ;  Lieut. 
Simpson,  U.  S.  Engineers ;  Lieut.-Col.  Lathrop,  Assist. 
Inspector-Genl. ;  Major  Bannister,  Chief  Paymaster; 
Major  MacFeely,  Commissary,  U.  S.  A. ;  and  Capt.  Tay- 
lor. United  States  Senator  Sherman,  Hon.  S.  Galloway, 
Hon.  Octavious  Waters  and  Major  Montgomery,  also  met 
the  remains  at  Wickliffe ;  together  with  a  number  of  the 
prominent  citizens  of  Northern  Ohio,  who  had  been  ap- 
pointed at  Cleveland  a  committee  to  attend  the  funeral 
procession  from  the  State  line  to  that  city. 

There  was  a  special  feature  about  the  running  of  the 
train  from  Erie  to  Cleveland  that  deserves  notice.  As 
far  as  possible,  everything  connected  with  the  train  was 
the  same  as  on  the  occasion  of  Mr.  Lincoln's  journey  over 
that  road  in  1861.  The  locomotive  (the  "  William  Case") 
was  the  same.  The  engineer,  Wm.  Congden,  was  dead, 
and  the  engine  was  run  by  John  Benjamin.  The  fireman 
in  1861,  George  Martin,  was  engineer,  but  asked  and  ob- 
tained the  privilege  of  again  acting  as  fireman  on  the 
train.  The  same  conductor,  E.  D.  Page,  had  control  of 
the  train.  Superintendent  Henry  Nottingham,  as  before, 
had  the  complete  management.  The  pilot  engine, "  Idaho," 
which  preceded  the  train  ten  minutes,  was  run  by  en- 
gineer J.  McGuire,  and  fireman  Frank  Keehen. 


210  *       LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

CLEVELAND. 

As  soon  as  it  was  definitely  ascertained  that  the  remains 
of  President  Lincoln  would  pass  through  Cleveland  on 
their  way  to  Springfield,  measures  were  taken  to  extend 
to  them  the  honor  due  from  a  grateful  people  to  their  be- 
loved Chief  Magistrate.  The  first  movement  originated 
in  the  City  Council,  in  the  shape  of  a  series  of  resolutions 
introduced  by  Amos  Townsend,  appropriate  to  the  occa- 
sion, authorizing  the  appointment  of  a  committee,  with 
the  Mayor  as  chairman,  to  make  the  necessary  prepara- 
tions. This  committee  consisted  of  George  B.  Senter, 
Mayor,  Thomas  Jones,  Jr.,  President  of  the  Council,  and 
Joseph  Sturges,  Ansel  Eoberts  and  Amos  Townsend, 
Trustees.  It  held  its  first  meeting  at  the  Mayor's  office 
on  Wednesday  evening,  April  19,  when  George  B.  Senter 
was  chosen  permanent  Chairman,  and  Thomas  Jones,  Jr., 
permanent  Secretary. 

The  Board  of  Trade  took  action  on  Thursday,  and  ap- 
pointed Philo  Chamberlin,  E.  T.  Lyon,  J.  F.  Freeman,  S. 
F.  Lester,  W.  Murray  and  A.  J.  Begges,  a  committee  to 
co-operate  with  the  committee  from  the  City  Council  in 
all  matters  pertaining  to  the  reception  of  the  remains  of 
the  President.  This  committee  met  with  the  Council 
committee  on  Saturday  evening,  and  on  motion  was  in- 
corporated with  that  committee. 

The  Council  committee  in  the  meantime  had  added  to 
their  number  several  prominent  citizens,  and  the  aug- 
mented committee  took  the  name  of  the  General  Commit- 
tee of  Arrangements,  and  consisted  of  the  following  gen- 
tlemen : 

Hon.  George  B.  Senter,  Chairman ;  Thomas  Jones,  Jr., 
and  J.  C.  Sage,  Secretaries ;  Ansel  Eoberts,  Hon.  E.  P. 
Spalding,  Gen.  A.  S.  Sanford,  Col.  W.  H.  Hayward,  W. 


LINCOLN   MEMORIAL.  211 

B.  Castle,  E.  T.  Lyon,  W.  Murray,  S.  F.  Lester,  A.  Stone, 
Jr.,  L.  M.  Hubby,  Joseph  Sturges,  Amos  Townsend,  Hon. 
H.  Payne,  Col.  Jas.  Barnett,  Wm.  Bingham,  Philo  Cham- 
berliu,  J.  F.  Freeman,  A.  J.  Begges,  H.  M.  Chapin,  M. 
Barlow. 

At  the  meeting  of  the  General  Committee  of  Arrange- 
ments on  Saturday  evening,  April  22d,  the  following 
sub-committees  were  raised,  and  the  Mayor  authorized  to 
designate  the  names  of  gentlemen  to  fill  them :  On  Loca- 
tion of  Eemains,  Eeception,  Procession,  Military  Enter- 
tainment, Music,  Decoration  and  Carriages. 

As  filled  by  Mayor  Senter  the  sub-committees  were  as 
follows : 

On  Location,  of  Remains. — Philo  Chamberlin,  H.  B. 
Payne,  Ansel  Eoberts,  Wm.  Bingham,  A.  S.  Sanford,  and 
Amasa  Stone,  Jr. 

On  Eeception. — George  B.  Senter,  Chairman,  Thomas 
Jones,  Jr.,  Ansel  Eoberts,  Joseph  Sturges,  Amos  Town- 
send,  Hon.  David  Tod,  Hon.  Wm.  B.  Castle,  Hon.  H.  B. 
Payne,  Hon.  H.  M.  Chapin,  Amasa  Stone,  Jr.,  Hon.  E.  S. 
Flint,  Hon.  E.  C.  Parsons,  Hon.  H.  V.  Willson,  General 
M.  Barlow,  M.  E.  Keith,  Hon.  S.  O.  Griswold,  Hon.  F.  J. 
Dickman,  S.  D.  McMillen,  Anson  Stager,  Hon.  George 
Mygatt,  Hon.  John  Brough,  Hon.  E.  P.  Spalding,  Hon. 
S.  Williamson,  C.  W.  Palmer,  Philo  Chamberlin,  Hon. 
F.  T.  Backus,  Stillman  Witt,  W.  H.  Truscott,  George 
A.  Benedict,  Hon.  A.  Everett,  T.  P.  Handy,  D.  B.  Sexton, 
T.  M.  Kelley,  L.  A.  Pierce,  Hon.  Samuel  Starkweather, 
Hon.  John  A.  Foot. 

On  Procession. — Col.  James  Barnett,  Wm.  Bingham, 
Col.  John  P.  Eoss,  Silas  Merchant,  Amos  Townsend,  Col. 
W.  H.  Hayward,  Capt.  F.  W.  Pelton,  Capt.  B.  L.  Spangler. 

On  Military. — Gen.  A.  S.  Sanford,  Col.  Chas.  Whittle- 


212  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

sey,  Win.  Bingham,  Col.  W.  H.  Hayward,  Major  J.  D. 
Palmer. 

On  Entertainment — Thomas  Jones,  Jr.,  Earl  Bill,  John 
A.  Wheeler,  Joseph  Sturges,  E.  Cowles. 

On  Music. — B.  Seymour,  E.  T.  Lyon,  E.  Crawford, 
Daniel  Stephan. 

On  Decoration. — John  M.  Sterling,  Peter  Thatcher,  B. 
Butts,  F.  E.  Elliott,  T.  Eoss,  Dr.  E.  Sterling,  Win.  Beck- 
enbach,  Capt.  Spaulding,  Geo.  Howe. 

On  Carriages. — Nelson  Purdy,  William  Murray,  David 
Price,  Peter  Goldrick. 

To  Meet  the  Remains. — Hon.  E.  P.  Spalding,  Gov.  David 
Tod,  Thomas  Jones,  Jr.,  Col.  Anson  Stager,  Amasa  Stone, 
Jr.,  Hon.  H.  B.  Payne,  Hon.  John  A.  Foot,  Hon.  H.  Y. 
Willson,  Stillman  Witt,  Ansel  Eoberts,  William  Bingham, 
Hon.  Wm.  B.  Castle,  Charles  Hickox,  John  Martin,  Hon. 
Wm.  Collins,  H.  N.  Johnson,  Dr.  G.  C.  E.  Weber,  Dr. 
Proctor  Thayer,  E.  Cowles,  H.  B.  Hurlbut,  Jacob  Hovey, 
James  Worswick,  George  Willey,  Lemuel  Crawford. 

At  a  subsequent  meeting  of  the  General  Committee  of 
Arrangements  the  following  gentlemen  were  selected  to 
act  as  a  Civic  Guard  of  Honor : 

Fayette  Brown,  Chairman,  H.  F.  Brayton,  E.  Simms, 
Charles  Pettingell,  John  Bousfield,  Geo.  W.  T\  oodworth, 
C.  L.  Eussell,  George  W.  Gardner,  M.  B.  Clark,  James 
Worswick,  A.  T.  Brinsmade,  E.  Cowles,  O.  N.  Skeels, 
Allayne  Maynard,  Samuel  Starkweather,  T.  S.  Beckwith, 

C.  S.  McKenzie,  E.  Chester,  H.  J.  Herrick,  K.  Hays,  Geo. 
Presly,  J.  W.  Fitch,  L.  M.  Pitkin,  H.  D.  Euggles,  E.  Eock- 
well,  Ch.  Glasser,  John  Hartness,  A.  E.  Burlison,  E.  E. 
Perkins,  John  Huntington,  S.  H.  Benedict,  F.  T.  Wallace, 
Harvey  Eice,  Jacob  Hovey,  S.  H.  Mather,  Geo.  C.  Dodge, 

D.  W.  Cross,  James  Pannell,  James  J.  Tracy,  E.  K. 
Winslow,  John  E.  Carey,  G.  W.  Calkins,  E.  J.  Estep,  J. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  213 

P.  Bishop,  William  Jones,  H.  K.  Eeynolds,  F.  C.  Keith, 
H.  0.  McFarland,  V.  C.  Taylor,  Geo.  B.  Ely,  S.  Hyman, 
J.  H.  Morley,  A.  J.  Wenham,  L.  L.  Lyon,  W.  P.  Fogg, 
J.  C.  Calhoun,  Chas.  Whitaker,  E.  J.  Gorham,  Moses 
Kelley,  T.  W.  Leek,  H.  K  Eaymond,  M.  L.  Brooks,  B.  P, 
Piexotto,  S.  Thorman,  Frank  W.  Parsons,  E.  S.  Boot,  A. 

B.  Stone,  A.  Chisholm,  G.  A.  Hyde,  H.  C.  Hawkins,  K. 
E.  Mix,  C.  C.  Eogers,  Augustus  Thieme,  Jacob  Schroeder, 
Win.  Hart,  C.  A.  Kead,  Eeuben  Becker,  J.  P.  Eobinson, 
S.  M.  Carpenter,  James  Hill,  S.  W.  Crittenden,  H.  S. 
Davis,  G.  B.  Murphey,  C.  A.  Brayton,  W.  M.  Crowell, 
Peter  Thatcher,  E.  M.  Standard,  Wm.  Melbinch,  S.  M. 
Strong,  J.  M.  Perkins,  T.  J.  Burrin,  G.  Herrick,  J.  C.  Buell, 
Wm.  J.  Smith,  Henry  Blair,  J.  V.  Painter,  E.  S.  Willard, 
Thos.  Quayle,^  James  Mason,  Joseph  Perkins,  William 
Collins,  J.  F.  Clark,  Thomas  Burnham,  John  H.  Gorham, 
W.  J.  Boardman,  Arthur  Quinn,  Charles  Hickox,  H.  G. 
Hitchcock,  Eobt.  F.  Paine,  William  Edwards,  H.  Harvey, 
S.  L.  Mather,  H.  B.  Hurlbut,  W.  F.  Otis,  C.  W.  Coe,  M. 

C.  Younglove,  A.  G.  Colwell,  H.  C.  Blossom,  W.  Y.  Craw, 
B.  Lampson,  E.  M.  Peck,  Frank  Kelly,  Geo.  F.  Marshall, 
E.  P.  Morgan,  E.  W.  Sackrider,  J.  B.  Glenn,  C.  S.  Hobbs, 
J.  A.  Eedington,  J.  A.  Harris,  H.  G.  Abbey,  John  F. 
Warner,  D.  P.  Eells,  John  C.  Grannis,  Geo.  H.  Burt,  C. 
W.  Noble,  F.  J.  Prentiss,  C.  A.  Crumb,  Addison  Hills, 
Geo.  A.  Stanley,  Geo.  F.  Armstrong,  Joseph  Eanderson, 
Chas.  Evatt,  O.  C.  Scoville,  P.  Eoeder,  H.  W.  Leutke- 
meyer,  C.  J.  Ballard,  A.  Eettberg,  Louis  Smithknight,  B. 
Steadman,  I.  Buckingham,  W.  Lawty,  W.  Wellhouse,  L. 
A.  Benton,  H.  J.  Hoyt,  T.  D.  Eells. 

The  Guard  was  divided  into  six  squads,  under  the  di- 
rection of  the  following  gentlemen : 

1st  Aid — J.  Ensworth ;  2d  Aid — Louis  Smithknight ; 
3d  Aid — Eobert  Hanna ;  1st  Assistant — Peter  Thatcher ; 


214  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

2d  Assistant— H.  F.  Brayton ;  3d  Assistant— F.  T.  Wal- 
lace ;  4th  Assistant — J.  P.  Bobinson ;  5th  Assistant — Geo. 
F.  Marshall ;  6th  Assistant — Thomas  Quayle. 

The  Committee  on  Location  of  Eemains  found  no  room 
or  building,  in  which  to  place  the  remains,  suitable  to 
accommodate  the  vast  crowd  that  would  be  present  and 
wish  to  take  the  last  look  at  their  late  President.  The 
Committee  therefore  decided  to  erect  upon  the  east  side 
of  the  Park  a  proper  structure.  The  Committee  of 
Arrangements  authorized  the  erection,  and  the  building 
was  immediately  commenced,  and  on  Thursday  night 
was  completed.  It  stood  directly  east  of  the  Monument, 
and  was  an  oblong  structure  twenty-four  by  thirty-six 
feet,  and  fourteen  feet  high.  The  roof  was  pagoda 
shaped,  and  over  the  centre  of  the  main  roof  was  a  sec- 
ond roof,  raised  about  four  feet,  and  forming  a  canopy 
over  the  catafalque.  The  sides  and  ends  of  the  building 
were  open  above  the  low  breastwork,  which  was  covered 
with  black  cloth.  The  roof  was  supported  by  pillars 
shrouded  in  black  and  white,  and  the  open  sides  were 
elegantly  draped  with  festoons  of  white  and  black,  looped 
up  with  rosettes  of  white  and  black.  The  roof  was  of 
white  canvas,  the  ribs  supporting  it  being  shrouded  in 
black.  The  ends  of  the  building  were  heavily  draped 
with  black  cloth.  Over  each  end  of  the  building  was  a 
large  golden  eagle  with  the  national  shield.  The  sides 
supporting  the  second  roof  were  covered  with  black  cloth 
on  the  outside,  on  which  were  fastened  beautiful  ever- 
green wreaths  and  floral  devices.  At  the  east  end  of  the 
building,  where  the  procession  entered,  were  six  splendid 
regimental  flags  of  silk.  Eight  immense  plumes  of  black 
crape  surmounted  the  sides  of  the  building.  Slender  flag 
poles  bearing  crape  streamers  and  mourning  flags  were 
ranged  along  the  top  of  the  building.  Evergreen  and 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  215 

floral  wreaths  were  used  to  loop  up  the  drapery  and  crown 
the  capitals  of  the  columns.  Directly  over  the  upper 
roof  was  a  streamer  stretched  between  two  flag  poles, 
bearing  the  inscription  from  Horace :  "  Extinctus  amabitur 
idem  "  (Dead,  he  will  be  loved  the  same). 

The  inside  of  the  building  was  in  admirable  keeping 
with  the  exterior  decorations.    Heavy  drapery  of  black 
cloth,  festoons  of  evergreen,  and  floral  wreaths  and  bou- 
quets completely  shrouded  the  pillars  and  roof.    In  the 
centre  was  the  catafalque,  a  raised  dais,  twelve  feet  long, 
four  feet  wide,  and  about  two  feet  high  to  the  underside 
of  the  coffin.    The  floor  and  sides  of  the  dais  were  cov- 
ered with  black  cloth  and  velvet.    The  floor  was  so  in- 
clined that  on  entering  the  building  the  visitors  were  able 
at  once  to  see  the  remains  and  keep  them  in  sight  until 
nearly  leaving  the  building.    From  the  corners  of  the 
dais  sprang  four  slender  columns  supporting  a  canopy 
draped  with  black  cloth  with  silver  fringe,  and  the  cor- 
ners of  the  canopy  hung  with  silver  tassels.    The  capi- 
tals of  the  pillars  were  wreathed  with  flowers.    At  the 
head  and  foot  of  the  dais  were  several  seats  covered  with 
black  cloth,  designed  for  the  use  of  the  Guard  of  Honor. 
The  floor  of  the  building  was  covered  thickly  with  mat- 
ting, so  as  to  deaden  every  sound.    The  building  was 
well  lit  with  gas  at  night.    The  people  entered  from  the 
east  and  passed  through  the  broad  passages  on  each  side 
of  the  dais,  going  out  on  the  west  side.    Cleveland  was 
the  first  place  on  the  route  of  the  funeral  cortege  where 
a  special  building  had  been  erected  for  the  reception  of 
the  remains. 

Mayor  Senter  appointed  the  following  gentlemen  as 
Pall  Bearers : 

Hon.  John  Brough,  Hon.  David  Tod,  Hon."  John  Sher- 
man, Hon.  E.  P.  Spalding,  Hon.  James  M.  Ashley,  Hon. 


216  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

J.  C.  Deven,  Hon.  Horace  Foot,  Hon.  John  Crowell, 
Hon.  J.  P.  Eobison,  Hon.  D.  E.  TMen,  Gen.  E.  P.  Buck- 
land,  Gen.  O.  M.  Oviatt. 

Every  train  that  arrived  on  the  railroads  during  Thurs- 
day and  Thursday  night,  was  filled ;  all  the  hotels  were 
crowded,  and  hundreds  of  persons  were  unable  to  pro- 
cure even  a  sleeping  place  upon  the  floor. 

The  symbols  of  mourning  were  universal.  Men, 
women  and  children,  of  all  classes  and  conditions,  wore 
some  badge  or  symbol  of  sorrow.  Toward  evening  of 
Thursday  the  citizens  on  Superior,  Euclid,  Prospect, 
Bank  and  other  streets,  and  around  the  Square,  com- 
menced to  drape  their  dwellings  and  places  of  business. 
Along  the  line  designated  for  the  passing  of  the  proces- 
sion, the  draping  was  very  elaborate,  tasteful,  and  almost 
universal. 

The  following  was  the  order  of  proceedings  for  the  day, 
as  promulgated  by  Col.  James  Barnett,  Chief  Marshal : 

The  following  programme  of  arrangements  is  announced  for  the 
solemnization  of  the  obsequies  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  late  President 
of  the  United  States,  in  this  city,  on  Friday,  the  28th  inst. 

The  bells  of  the  city  will  be  tolled  daring  the  moving  of  the  pro- 
cession. 

The  shipping  in  the  harbor,  and  the  proprietors  of  public  houses 
and  others,  are  requested  to  display  their  colors  at  half-mast  during 
the  day. 

It  is  earnestly  requested  that  all  places  of  business  or  amusement 
be  closed  during  the  day. 

Vehicles  of  all  kinds  will  be  withdrawn  from  the  streets  through 
which  the  procession  will  pass,  and  none  will  be  allowed  in  the  pro- 
cession except  those  designated. 

Delegations  will  be  promptly  at  their  places  of  rendezvous,  pre- 
pared to  march  at  the  appointed  time,  failing  in  which,  they  will  be 
excluded  from  their  positions,  and  will  take  their  places  on  the  left. 

A  national  salute  of  thirty-six  guns  will  by  fired  by  the  8th  Inde- 
pendent Battery,  at  7  o'clock  A.  M.,  and  half-hour  guns  thereafter 
until  sunset. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  217 

The  procession  will  move  from  the  Euclid  street  station  at  7:30  A. 
M.,  through  Euclid  street  to  Erie,  dowii  Erie  to  Superior,  down 
Superior  to  the  Park,  where  the  remains  will  be  deposited  in  the 
building  erected  for  that  purpose,  and  exposed  to  view  until  10 
o'clock  P.  M. 

At  daybreak  on  Friday  morning  the  citizens  were 
startled  from  their  slumbers  by  a  salute  of  artillery,  and 
in  a  very  short  time  the  whole  city  was  astir.  By  six 
o'clock  the  streets  were  crowded  with  people,  some  wend- 
ing their  way  down  to  the  Union  depot,  to  the  Park,  or 
to  other  advantageous  positions  on  the  line  of  march, 
whilst  throngs  of  people  started  for  the  Euclid  street 
depot,  from  which  the  procession  was  to  start.  Thousands 
of  people  from  the  country  and  from  other  cities  had 
arrived  during  the  preceding  days  of  the  week,  and  all 
night  the  streets  had  been  crowded.  The  weather  was 
gloomy  and  threatened  rain,  and  by  the  time  the  train 
arrived  the  rain  began  to  fall  steadily  but  not  heavily. 
The  city  could  scarcely  have  looked  to  better  advantage, 
in  spite  of  the  rain,  as  the  dust  was  laid,  and  the  partly 
opened  foliage,  with  its  delicate  green  tint,  lent  beauty 
to  the  elegant  dwellings  and  grounds  along  the  avenues 
through  which  the  procession  was  to  pass. 

The  importance  and  solemnity  of  the  occasion  was  evi- 
dently appreciated  by  every  one.  The  dense  crowds  that 
lined  the  streets  from  the  Euclid  street  depot  to  the  Pub- 
lic Square,  the  numerous  badges  of  mourning  worn,  the 
heavily  draped  buildings,  and  the  uniform  stillness  and 
decorum  of  the  immense  gathering  of  people,  testified  to 
the  respect  and  love  borne  to  the  deceased  by  the  people 
of  Cleveland  and  the  surrounding  country.  The  immense 
crowd  was  hourly  added  to  by  the  trains  and  steamers 
arriving  from  different  points. 

10* 


218  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Punctually  at  seven  o'clock  the  funeral  train  ran  into 
the  Union  depot.  The  sight  as  it  passed  down  the  Lake 
Shore  track  was  impressive,  and  was  witnessed  by  a  great 
crowd  of  people  on  the  bank.  On  reaching  the  depot,  the 
locomotive  of  the  Cleveland  and  Pittsburgh  Eailroad, 
tastefully  draped,  took  the  train  in  its  reversed  position 
and  drew  it  to  the  Euclid  Street  station,  arriving  there 
about  twenty  minutes  after  seven  o'clock.  As  the  train 
moved  up,  a  national  salute  of  thirty-six  guns  was  fired. 
As  the  train  came  up  the  Lake  Shore  track  a  very  beau- 
tiful incident  took  place.  Miss  Fields,  of  Wilson  street, 
had  erected  an  arch  of  evergreens  on  the  bank  of  the 
Lake  near  the  track,  and  as  the  train  passed  appeared  in 
the  arch  as  the  Goddess  of  Liberty  in  mourning. 

On  arriving  at  the  Euclid  Street  depot  the  train  was 
stopped  so  that  the  funeral  car  lay  nearly  across  the  road. 
The  depot  was  heavily  draped  with  mourning  and  flags, 
and  a  draped  flag  hung  from  a  line  stretched  directly 
across  the  road.  The  Veteran  Reserve  Corps  were  drawn 
up  around  the  funeral  car,  eight  of  them  being  ready  to 
carry  the  coffin,  whilst  the  others  formed  in  line  on  either 
side  with  drawn  swords  presented.  The  Guard  of  Honor 
stood  on  one  side,  and  Governor  Brough  and  staff,  with 
the  leading  members  of  the  Committees  and  the  Pall- 
Bearers,  on  the  other.  The  Camp  Chase  Band  stood  in 
front  of  the  depot,  and  the  hearse  was  drawn  up  a  few 
yards  distant.  The  hearse  was  surmounted  with  large 
black  and  white  plumes,  and  the  national  colors  draped. 
The  hangings  were  of  black  velvet,  with  heavy  silver 
fringe  and  silver  tassels,  fastened  up  with  crape  rosettes, 
each  with  a  silver  star  in  the  centre.  A  beautiful  wreath 
of  flowers  hung  at  the  head  of  the  hearse,  and  the  bed  on 
which  the  coffin  was  to  rest  was  strewn  thickly  with  white 
blossoms.  Six  white  horses,  decorated  with  festoons  of 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  219 

crape,  looped  up  with  crape  rosettes  and  silver  stars, 
drew  the  hearse,  and  were  attended  by  six  colored  grooms, 
wearing  crape  and  mourning  rosettes.  The  decorations 
were  arranged  and  executed  by  Mrs.  E.  F.  Paine. 

At  a  signal  given,  the  band  played  a  solemn  dirge,  and 
the  coffin  was  taken  out  of  the  car  and  borne  to  the  hearse 
on  the  shoulders  of  the  Veteran  Eeserves,  the  other  Vet- 
eran Eeserves  marching  by  its  side  with  drawn  swords, 
attended  by  the  pall-bearers  and  guard.  On  the  head  of 
the  coffin  was  a  cross  of  white  flowers,  and  a  wreath  of 
similar  flowers  at  the  foot. 

The  hearse,  surrounded  by  the  Veteran  Eeserve  Guard, 
with  the  Pall-Bearers  on  either  side,  the  Guard  of  Honor, 
mounted,  following,  and  preceded  by  the  band  playing  a 
dirge,  passed  up  Wilson  Avenue.  The  29th  O.  N.  G.  was 
drawn  up  in  line,  and  saluted  the  cortege  as  it  passed.  The 
Civic  Guard  of  Honor  met  the  hearse  on  Prospect  street, 
and  saluted  it,  when  the  cortege  turned,  and  went  back 
to  Euclid  street,  when  the  procession  was  formed  accord- 
ing to  programme. 

The  crowd  around  the  station  was  exceedingly  large, 
but  owing  to  the  excellent  police  arrangements  and  the 
orderly  character  of  the  people,  there  was  no  trouble  or 
confusion.  The  large  space  reserved  was  kept  perfectly 
clear.  When  the  coffin  was  brought  from  the  car,  so 
great  was  the  anxiety  of  the  people  to  see  it,  that  num- 
bers, most  of  them  women,  got  under  the  train  and  re- 
mained there  until  warned  off  by  the  police  to  save  their 
lives.  The  scene  when  the  procession  started  was  very 
solemn.  A  slight  rain  fell,  dripping  like  tears  on  the  re- 
mains of  the  good  man  in  whose  honor  the  crowd  had 
gathered,  but  not  enough  to  be  heeded  by  the  people 
assembled.  The  street  was  lined  with  a  continuous  wall 
of  people,  and  the  yards  and  houses  were  also  crowded. 


220  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

The  long  perspective  of  Euclid  street  stretched  away  in 
unrivaled  beauty,  and  the  procession,  with  its  solid 
column,  great  length,  and  imposing  display,  made  up  a 
scene  never  equaled  in  Cleveland.  There  was  scarcely 
any  variation  from  the  published  order  of  the  Chief 
Marshal  in  the  formation  of  the  procession. 

First  came  the  Military  Escort,  Colonel  Hayward  com- 
manding, led  by  the  Camp  Chase  Band.  The  escort 
consisted  of  the  29th  Regiment  Ohio  National  Guard,  and 
the  8th  Independent  Battery,  under  the  command  of  Lieu- 
tenant Grenninger.  The  escort  was  followed  by  Major- 
General  Hooker  and  staff,  and  officers  of  the  army,  on 
horseback.  Then  came  Governor  Brough  and  staff,  and 
the  Pall- Bearers,  in  carriages.  The  Hearse  came  next 
followed  by  the  Escort  of  Honor  that  accompanies  the 
remains  from  Washington  to  Springfield.  The  General 
Committee  of  Arrangements,  Civic  Guard  of  Honor,  and 
Clergy  followed  on  foot.  This  closed  the  First  Division, 
which  was  under  the  direction  of  Colonel  O.  H.  Payne, 
Assistant  Marshal. 

The  Second  Division,  under  the  direction  of  Amos 
Townsend,  Esq.,  Assistant  Marshal,  was  led  by  the  De- 
troit City  Band.  In  this  division  were  the  following 
societies  and  bodies :  United  States  civil  officers,  Earl 
Bill,  Marshal ;  a  large  number  of  returned  veteran  sol- 
diers, under  command  of  Captain  James  K.  O'Eeilly; 
City  Council  and  other  city  officers ;  Cleveland  Board  of 
Trade,  and  members  of  Boards  of  Trade  from  other  cities ; 
a  delegation  of  citizens  from  Meadville,  Captain  Derrick 
son  acting  as  Marshal. 

George  H.  Burt,  Esq.,  had  charge  of  the  Third  Divis- 
ion, which  was  led  by  the  Detroit  Light  Guard  Band. 
The  Knights  Templar  followed  the  band,  dressed  in  full 
regalia,  with  their  banners,  etc.,  draped  in  mourning. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  221 

They  acted  as  an  escort  to  the  Order  of  Free  and  Ac- 
cepted Masons,  some  in  regalia  and  others  wearing  a 
sprig  of  evergreen  on  their  breasts.  Bigelow  Lodge, 
West  Side,  turned  out  eighty  strong,  in  full  regalia, 
with  banners  and  emblems  of  the  Order  all  appropriately 
draped.  Following  the  Masons  came  the  Order  of  Odd 
Fellows,  about  a  thousand  strong,  also  with  regalia  and 
banners  dressed  with  weeds  of  sorrow.  Among  the  Odd 
Fellows  from  outside  the  city,  were  Cataract  Lodge  No. 
295,  from  Newburgh,  and  members  from  other  places. 

The  Fourth  Division  was  under  direction  of  Major  W. 
P.  Edgarton,  Assistant  Marshal.  Next  to  the  Temper- 
ance Band,  which  was  at  the  head  of  this  Division,  came 
the  Father  Matthew  Temperance  Society,  very  strong  in 
numbers,  wearing  their  sashes  and  carrying  their  ban- 
ners, all  clothed  in  mourning.  The  Fenian  Brotherhood 
followed  the  Temperance  Society,  and  after  them  came 
the  Laboring  men's  Union,  carrying  a  banner  with  the 
motto  : — "  We  mourn  the  loss  of  our  President ;  Labor 
is  the  Wealth  of  the  Nation ;  United  we  Stand,  Divided 
we  Fall."  The  St.  Bonifacius  Society  came  next,  fol- 
lowed by  the  Aurora  Band,  from  the  West  Side.  Fol- 
lowing the  Band  were  the  St.  Joseph  Society,  St.  Vin- 
cent Society,  St.  Andrew's  Society,  St.  George's  Society, 
and  Mona's  Belief  Society.  All  these  Societies  were  in 
full  ranks,  bearing  their  distinctive  banners  and  em- 
blems. 

The  Fifth  Division,  in  charge  of  Assistant  Marshal 
Major  Seymour  Eace,  embraced  the  members  of  the 
Ancient  Order  of  Good  Fellows;  Ohio  City  Lodge  of 
Good  Fellows;  the  Hungarian  Association,  with  their 
national  badges  and  colors ;  and  Solomon  and  Montefiore 
Lodges  I.  O.  B.  B.,  under  the  marshalship  of  B.  F. 


222  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Peixotto,  Grand  Master  of  the  Order  in  the  United 
States.  Leland's  Band  led  the  Fifth  Division. 

The  Sixth  Division  was  under  the  direction  of  Captain 
Basil  L.  Spangler,  Assistant  Marshal.  The  first  society 
represented  in  this  Division  was  the  German  Benevolent 
Mutual  Society.  This  Society  was  followed  by  Eureka 
Lodge  No.  14  of  Colored  Masons ;  1188  G.  U.  O.  O.  F., 
also  colored.  This  Society  carried  a  banner  on  which 
was  inscribed :  "  We  mourn  for  Abraham  Lincoln,  the 
True  Friend  of  Liberty."  The  Colored  Equal  Eights 
League  followed.  Cleveland  Division  No.  275  and  Forest 
City  Temple  No.  52,  Sons  of  Temperance,  came  next,  and 
the*  Seamen's  Union  closed  the  organized  procession. 
The  Union  carried  a  small  full-rigged  bark,  with  flag  at 
half-mast. 

The  Chief  Marshal,  Col.  James  Barnett,  and  his  val- 
uable assistants,  Col.  J.  P.  Boss,  Silas  Merchant,  Col.  O. 
H.  Payne,  Amos  Townsend,  George  H.  Burt,  Maj.  W.  P. 
Edgarton,  Major  S.  Eace,  and  Capt.  B.  L.  Spangler, 
formed  and  conducted  the  long  procession  with  the  most 
perfect  order.  There  was  no  confusion,  no  noise,  and  all 
the  different  Societies  and  bodies  fell  into  the  places  in 
the  procession  allotted  to  them  on  time  and  with  the  pre- 
cision of  clock-work. 

After  the  procession  started  from  the  depot,  it  moved 
slowly  and  solemnly,  without  stop  or  detention,  until  it 
reached  the  Square.  As  it  neared  the  western  end  of 
Euclid  street,  the  number  of  people  began  to  increase 
until  the  sidewalks  and  far  into  the  street  became  a  solid 
mass  ;  but  there  was  no  noise  or  confusion  in  the  crowd 
that  lined  the  streets  on  the  line  of  march.  All  seemed 
impressed  with  the  deep  solemnity  of  the  occasion. 

The  draping  of  the  houses  and  buildings  in  mourning 
along  the  route  of  the  procession  was  almost  universal. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  223 

There  was  not  a  house  on  Euclid  street,  from  the  Square 
to  the  Euclid  street  Depot,  which  did  not  display  some 
symbol  of  grief.  Prospect  and  many  other  streets  were 
also  very  generally  draped.  The  greatest  display,  how- 
ever, was  on  Superior  and  Euclid  streets,  and  around  the 
Square.  On  City  High  School  building  was  a  large 
shield,  surrounded  by  flags,  intertwined  with  white  and 
black  mourning.  At  the  residence  of  A.  B.  Stone,  Esq., 
on  Euclid  street,  was  the  following  truthful  motto :  "  His 
aims  were  for  his  God,  his  Country,  and  Truth.  He  died 
a  blessed  Martyr."  At  Eouse's  Block,  corner  of  Supe- 
rior street  and  the  Square,  was  a  profuse  display  of  fes- 
toons of  white  and  black,  flags,  &c.,  and  on  the  Square 
front  the  motto :  "  An  Honest  man — the  noblest  work." 
The  County  Court  House,  City  Council  Hall,  the  Gov- 
ernment Building,  and  other  places  around  the  Square 
near  the  pavilion  in  which  the  remains  reposed  during 
the  day,  were  all  tastefully  and  appropriately  dressed  in 
mourning. 

The  entire  front  of  E.  I.  Baldwin's  store  was  covered 
with  black,  on  which  was  the  motto: — "A  glorious 
career  of  service  and  devotion  is  crowned  with  a  martyr's 
death."  All  the  other  prominent  business  buildings  were 
tastefully  and  elaborately  decorated.  The  ladies  con- 
nected with  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society  displayed  much 
taste  in  the  draping  of  the  front  of  their  rooms.  Their 
windows  were  covered  on  the  inside  with  a  white  back- 
ground, on  which  was  neatly  arranged  folds  of  black, 
and  on  the  outside  were  many  rosettes  and  small  flags, 
also  appropriately  arranged.  All  the  hotels,  telegraph 
offices  and  express  offices  were  appropriately  draped. 

There  were  over  six  thousand  in  the  procession  of  or- 
ganized societies.  After  the  main  procession  passed  a 
given  point,  the  citizens  fell  in  behind  and  followed  it 


224  LINCOLN.  MEMORIAL. 

through,  the  pavilion,  in  the  same  good  order  as  charac- 
terized the  proceedings.  There  was  a  considerable  crush 
at  the  entrance  gate  on  Superior  street,  but  no  boister- 
ous actions.  The  admirable  arrangements  of  the  Com- 
mittee for  preserving  order  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
building  where  the  remains  were  to  be  placed  prevented 
confusion.  The  procession  entered  the  enclosure  by  the 
East  gate,  and  after  the  removal  of  the  body  to  the  build- 
ing, filed  out  at  the  Eockwell  street  gate.  The  29th  O. 
N".  G.  occupied  positions  inside  the  enclosure,  and  were 
stationed  as  sentinels  at  numerous  points.  The  hearse 
was  driven  up  to  the  south  side  of  the  pavilion,  and  the 
coffin  borne  on  the  shoulders  of  Veteran  Reserves  to  the 
place  prepared  for  it  under  the  canopy.  As  the  body 
passed  the  band  played  a  dirge.  As  soon  as  the  coffin 
was  placed  on  the  dais,  a  committee  of  ladies  advanced 
and  placed  on  it  a  number  of  floral  ornaments  and  ever- 
greens, wreathed  in  the  forms  of  crosses  and  coronals. 
The  embalmer  and  undertaker  opened  the  cofim  and  in- 
spected the  remains.  The  Eight  Reverend  Charles  Pettit 
Mcllvaine,  Bishop  of  the  Diocese  of  Ohio,  advanced  to 
the  coffin  and  read  from  the  Burial  Service  of  the  Epis- 
copal Church : 

"I  am  the  resurrection  and  the  life,  saith  the  Lord ;  he 
that  believeth  in  me,  though  he  were  dead,  yet  shall  he 
live;  and  whosoever  livith  and  believeth  in  me  shall 
never  die. 

"We  brought  nothing  into  the  world,  and  it  is  certain 
we  can  carry  nothing  out.  The  Lord  gave,  and  the  Lord 
hath  taken  away ;  blessed  be  the  name  of  the  Lord. 

"  Man  that  is  born  of  a  woman,  hath  but  a  short  time 
to  live,  and  is  full  of  misery.  He  cometh  up,  and  is  cut 
down,  like  a  flower ;  he  fleeth  as  it  were  a  shadow  and 
never  continueth  in  one  stay. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  225 

"  In  the  midst  of  life  we  are  in  death ;  of  whom  may 
we  seek  for  succor,  but  of  thee,  O  Lord,  who  for  our  sins 
art  justly  displeased?" 

Bishop  Mcllvaine  then  offered  an  eloquent  prayer,  in 
which  he  prayed  that  this  great  affliction  may  be  of  good 
to  the  people.  He  prayed  for  blessing  on  the  family  of 
the  deceased,  and  for  health  and  blessing  on  Secretary 
Seward,  whom  the  assassin  tried,  but  failed  to  destroy. 
For  President  Johnson  he  asked  that  he  might  be  led  to 
follow  the  great  example  set  him  by  his  illustrious  prede- 
cessor. 

The  religious  services  being  concluded,  the  procession 
filed  through  the  Pavilion,  passing  through  both  aisle  >. 
Many  were  affected  to  tears.  The  invalid  soldiers  from 
the  military  hospital,  who  were  drawn  up  inside  the  in- 
closure  previous  to  the  arrival  of  the  procession,  passed 
through,  and  many  a  bronzed  veteran's  eyes  were  wet  as 
he  gazed  upon  him  who  had  laid  down  his  life  for  his 
country.  After  the  procession  had  passed  through,  the 
public  were  admitted,  and  thousands  poured  in  a  steady 
stream,  without  haste  or  confusion. 

The  heavy  rain  which  continued  to  fall  from  the  first 
start  of  the  procession  down  to  the  removal  of  the  body 
from  the  building  to  the  cars,  seemed  to  have  no  effect  in 
damping  the  eagerness  of  the  people  to  take  a  last  look 
at  the  remains  of  their  beloved  President.  All  day  long 
the  endless  procession  marched  through  without  a  break 
or  pause,  and  when  the  lamps  were  lit  the  crowd  thick- 
ened rather  than  diminished.  The  crowds  seeking  ad- 
mission were  formed  by  the  police  outside  the  inclosure 
into  a  column  four  deep,  and  those  desirous  of  seeing  the 
remains  had  to  fall  into  the  rear  of  the  column  and  await 
their  turn  to  enter.  The  column,  on  entering  the  inclo- 
11 


2-6  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

sure,  passed  np  to  the  east  end  of  the  Pavilion,  where  it 
separated  into  two  columns,  each  of  two  abreast,  and 
ir  arched  through  on  either  side  of  the  catafalque,  passing 
along,  on  emerging  to  the  monument,  where  they  either 
•went  westward  forward  toward  Superior,  or  southward 
toward  Ontario  street.  The  military  guard  of  officers 
appointed  by  General  Hooker  stood  at  the  foot  of  the 
<-<-ffin  and  at  the  corners.  One  of  the  guard  of  honor  of 
gt  aeral  officers  stood  or  sat  at  the  head  of  the  coffin, 
3\*  oar- Admiral  Davis  occupying  that  position  in  the  fore- 
noon. The  civic  guard  of  honor  were  ranged  along  the 
si'les  of  the  building,  to  pass  the  visitors  on  in  proper 
order.  A  squad  of  the  29th  O.  N.  G.  was  stationed  at 
different  points  in  the  inclosure. 

The  most  reverend  silence  and  deep  feeling  were  exhib- 
it ed  by  all  who  passed  through.  The  passage-way  being 
jiniple,  there  was  abundant  facility  for  obtaining  a  good 
view  of  the  remains.  The  features  were  but  slightly 
changed  from  the  appearance  they  bore  when  exposed  in 
the  Capitol  at  Washington. 

At  different  times  in  the  day  an  accurate  count  of  those 
I  missing  through  within  a  certain  length  of  time  was 
1  nken.  In  the  first  four  hours  the  rate  was  nine  thousand 
]  or  hour;  then  it  fell  to  between  seven  and  eight  thou- 
sand, and  increased  in  the  evening  and  night.  Until 
evening  the  visitors  were  nearly  all  from  abroad,  the  city 
people  holding  back  to  give  those  a  chance  who  would 
have  to  leave  by  the  evening  trains.  At  ten  o'clock  at 
right,  when  the  gates  were  shut,  over  one  hundred  thou- 
sand people  had  visited  the  remains,  and  this  without 
lioise,  disorder  or  confusion  of  any  kind. 

A  distinguishing  feature  of  the  ceremonies  and  testi- 
monials of  the  day  was  the  profusion  and  beauty  of  the 
floral  decorations  and  floral  offerings.  Besides  the  great 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  227 

number  of  flowers  woven  into  the  decorations  of  the 
Pavilion,  a  large  number  of  beautiful  floral  devices  were 
laid  on  the  coffin.  Among  them  were  the  floral  offerings 
made  by  the  ladies  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid  Society  of  North- 
ern Ohio,  consisting  of  an  anchor  of  white  roses,  a/alias, 
and  other  white  flowers,  each  fluke  of  the  anchor  being 
made  of  magnificent  calla ;  a  cross  of  beautiful  red  blos- 
soms ;  and  a  wreath  of  blue  flowers.  The  ladies  decided 
to  place  the  anchor  in  charge  of  Lieut-Colonel  Simpson, 
U.  S.  Engineers,  for  presentation  to  Captain  Stephen 
Champlin,  one  of  the  survivors  of  the  Battle  of  Lake 
Erie.  The  cross  and  wreath  accompanied  the  remains 
from  Cleveland. 

A  salute  was  fired  on  the  arrival  of  the  remains  at  the 
Square,  and  another  at  sunset.  Half-hour  guns  were 
also  fired  during  the  day  by  the  8th  Independent  Bat- 
tery, O.  N.  G.  Five  large  and  beautiful  flags,  draped  in 
mourning,  floated  from  the  staff  in  the  Park  all  day. 

During  the  afternoon  the  bands  from  abroad  and  those 
belonging  to  Cleveland,  were  stationed  on  the  balconies 
of  the  hotels  and  other  prominent  buildings,  and  played 
dirges,  adding  to  the  solemnity  and  impressiveness  of 
the  occasion. 

A  delegation  of  two  hundred  came  from  Meadville,  and 
joined  in  the  procession,  under  the  marshalship  of  Capt. 
Derrickson.  They  wore  a  large  badge  upon  the  lappel 
of  the  coat  with  the  word  "Meadville."  Also  a  delega- 
tion of  about  five  hundred  came  from  Detroit,  to  do  honor 
to  the  memory  of  the  President.  Two  bands,  the  Detroit 
City  and  the  Light  Guard,  escorted  them. 

By  invitation  of  Governor  Brough  the  Illinois  delega- 
tion and  the  general  officers  of  the  escort  paid  him  a 
visit  at  his  residence. 

The  following  officers  were  detailed  as  a  Guard  of 


228  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Honor  to  the  remains  of  the  President,  while  in  the  For- 
est City : 

. 

First  Relief— Bear- Admiral  Davis ;  Major  D.  Bannister, 
Paymaster  U.  S.  A. ;  Capt.  Mix,  U.  S.  Cavalry ;  Captain 
Meisner,  Y.  R.  C. ;  Major  Perry,  U.  S.  A. ;  Surg.  Stern- 
burg,  U.  S.  A. 

Second  Relief—  Capt.  Taylor,  U.  S.  N. ;  Lieut-Col.  Simp- 
son, U.  S.  Eng. ;  Lieut-Col.  De  La  Yergne,  U.  S.  Y. ;  Capt. 
Bower,  Yet.  Guards;  Lieut.  Robinson,  Yet.  Guards. 

Third  Relief— -Major-Gen.  Barnard,  U.  S.  Eng. ;  Col. 
Swords,  A.  Q.  M. ;  Capt.  J.  J.  Upham,  U.  S.  A. ;  Capt. 
Yoges,  A.  Q.  M. ;  Capt.  De  Forest,  K  G. ;  Capt.  Tibbitts, 
N.  G. 

At  ten  minutes  past  ten  the  coffin  was  closed.  Up  to 
the  very  last  moment  there  was  a  stream  of  people  passing 
through  the  Pavilion,  and  if  the  remains  had  been  ex- 
posed until  twelve  o'clock  there  would  undoubtedly  have 
been  the  same  interest  manifested  to  take  one  last  look. 
At  ten  minutes  past  eleven  o'clock  the  coffin  was  taken 
from  the  beautiful  resting  place  of  the  day  and  placed  in 
the  hearse,  preparatory  to  being  conveyed  to  the  funeral 
car.  The  escort  was  as  follows :  The  29th  Regiment  O. 
N.  G.,  Colonel  Hay  ward ;  the  General  Committee  of  Ar- 
rangements ;  the  Military  Guard  of  Honor  in  carriages  ; 
the  Civic  Guard  of  Honor  bearing  flambeaux;  the  Father 
Mathew  Temperance  Society ;  the  Eureka  Lodge  of  Ma- 
sons. The  cortege  proceeded  down  Superior  street,  pre- 
ceded by  three  bands  playing  a  dirge,  thence  down  Yine- 
yard  street,  at  the  foot  of  which  the  funeral  train  had 
been  placed.  The  coffin  was  placed  in  the  funeral  car, 
and  at  precisely  twelve  o'clock  the  train  started  for  Co- 
lumbus, under  the  direction  of  Superintendent  Flint,  with 
Charles  Gale  as  Conductor. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  229 

About  the  time  the  remains  were  being  removed  from 
the  Pavilion  the  rain  poured  down  in  torrents,  and  con- 
tinued until  after  the  train  started.  Notwithstanding 
this,  the  streets  the  whole  length  of  the  line  of  march 
were  crowded  with  people,  many  of  whom  were  ladies. 
Everything  was  conducted  with  the  greatest  order  and 
decorum,  and  the  citizens  of  Cleveland  returned  to  their 
homes  with  the  consciousness  that  they  had  paid  the  last 
tribute  of  respect  to  a  great  and  good  man  in  a  proper 
manner. 

The  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Times  writing  from 
Cleveland  said :  "  Everywhere  deep  sorrow  has  been  mani- 
fested, and  the  feeling  seems,  if  possible,  to  deepen,  as 
we  move  Westward  with  the  remains  to  their  final  resting 
place." 

CLEVELAND  TO  COLUMBUS. 

The  Funeral  Train  was  preceded,  between  Cleveland 
and  Columbus,  by  a  pilot  engine,  the  "  Louisville,"  in 
charge  of  Assistant  Superintendent  Blee  and  Master  Me- 
chanic W.  F.  Smith,  with  E.  Yan  Camp  as  Engineer  and 
C.  Yan  Camp  as  Fireman.  The  engine  of  the  Funeral 
Train  was  the  "  Nashville,"  with  Geo.  West  as  Engineer 
and  Peter  Hugo  as  Fireman.  Mr.  T.  J.  Higgins,  the  Su- 
perintendent of  Telegraph,  accompanied  the  train  with 
necessary  telegraph  instruments,  to  be  used  in  case  of 
accident.  Gen.  McCallum,  who  had  temporary  military 
possession  of  all  the  railroads  from  Washington  to  Spring- 
field, had  an  efficient  aid  in  G.  P.  Duke,  of  the  Baltimore 
and  Ohio  Railroad  Company,  who  carried  out  his  supe- 
rior's orders,  as  to  the  time  of  starting,  &c.,  with  a  fidel- 
ity which  commanded  general  admiration. 

Evidences  of  grief  were  manifested  along  the  entire 
line  between  the  Forest  city  and  the  Capital.  The  people 
gathered  at  the  depots  and  at  other  points  in  throngs, 


230  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

eager  to  pay  tribute  to  the  memory  of  him  whom  they 
had  loved.  From  the  time  the  train  left  Cleveland  until 
it  reached  Crestline,  the  rain  fell  in  torrents,  notwith- 
standing which,  bonfires  and  torches  were  lit,  the  princi- 
pal buildings  draped  in  mourning,  bells  tolled,  flags 
floated  at  half-mast,  and  the  sorrowing  inhabitants  stood 
in  groups,  uncovered  and  with  saddened  faces  gazing 
with  awe  and  veneration  upon  the  cortege  as  it  moved 
slowly  by. 

After  daybreak,  the  rain  having  ceased,  the  demonstra- 
tions were  more  general  but  of  a  less  impressive  charac- 
ter. At  Cardington  an  immense  crowd  of  citizens  assem- 
bled to  do  the  customary  honors.  Bells  were  tolled, 
minute  guns  fired,  and  the  station  was  tastefully  festooned 
with  the  national  flag  draped  with  rosettes  of  crape.  In 
front  and  over  the  doors  and  windows  was  a  white  ban- 
ner on  which  was  inscribed  "  He  sleeps  in  the  blessings 
of  the  poor,  whose  fetters  God  commanded  him  to  break." 
At  other  villages  similar  devices  were  exhibited,  and  sad- 
ness and  mourning,  deep  and  solemn,  prevailed  in  town 
and  hamlet.  Beside  the  track,  about  five  miles  above 
Columbus,  stood  an  aged  woman  bare  headed,  her  gray 
hairs  dishelved,  tears  coursing  down  her  furrowed  cheeks, 
holding  in  her  right  hand  a  sable  scarf  and  in  her  left  a 
bouquet  of  wild  flowers,  which  she  stretched  imploringly 
toward  the  funeral  car. 

THE  CAPITAL  OF  OHIO. 

In  accordance  with  a  call  signed  by  a  large  number  of 
the  prominent  and  influential  citizens  of  Columbus,  a 
public  meeting  was  held  at  the  City  Hall  on  the  evening 
of  April  17th,  for  the  purpose  of  making  arrangements 
for  the  suitable  observance  of  the  day  appointed  for  the 
funeral  of  the  assassinated  President,  at  Washington, 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  Ji->L 

and  to  properly  receive  the  remains  at  the  Capital  of  Oh:  >. 
Hon.  Samuel  Galloway  was  selected  as  Chairman,  and 
H.  T.  Chittenden  as  Secretary.  Prayer  was  offered  by 
Eev.  C.  E.  Felton.  The  Chairman  set  forth,  in  a  fo.v 
appropriate  remarks,  the  object  for  which  the  people  h  vl 
assembled.  On  motion  of  L.  J.  Critchfield,  Esq.,  a  co  u  - 
mittee  of  five  was  appointed  to  draft  resolutions  expressi  /o 
of  the  sense  of  the  meeting.  The  following  gentlem  >!i 
were  appointed  by  the  chair :  L.  J.  Critchfield,  Geo.  M . 
Parsons,  C.  N.  Olds,  B.  F.  Martin,  and  Peter  Ambos. 

Eev.  J.  M.  Trimble,  Hon.  Samuel  Galloway  and  H<>:i. 
Chauncey  N.  Olds  addressed  the  meeting.  The  commit  - 
tee  on  Eesolutions  reported  a  series  declaring  that  treas  m 
embraced  murder  and  all  other  crimes  necessary  to  acco.ii- 
plish  its  ends;  expressing  grief  and  indignation  at  tlie 
assassination  of  the  President — tendering  to  his  strick  MI 
family  heartfelt  condolence  —  avowing  confidence  iu 
Andrew  Johnson,  and  resolving : 

"That,  in  token  of  the  public  sorrow  on  account  of  this  gr  '.it 
calamity,  and  to  the  honor  of  the  illustrious  dead,  the  citizenr.  of 
Columbus  be  requested  to  close  their  places  of  business  on  to-morr>»  v, 
between  the  hours  of  eleven  o'clock  A.  M.  and  three  o'clock  P.  M., 
the  hours  of  the  funeral  services  at  Washington,  and  that  th  > ; » 
having  charge  of  the  bells  in  this  city,  cause  them  to  be  tolled  duri  .1^ 
that  time." 

The  following  resolution  was  then  offered  by  W.  G. 
Deshler,  and  adopted  unanimously : 

"Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  nine  be  appointed  to  co-oper  itw 
with  the  committee  of  the  City  Council,  in  any  appropriate  cere  .1  >- 
nies,  should  the  body  of  our  late  President  be  brought  to  our  ci  y  ; 
and  also  in  conjunction  with  the  City  Council  committee,  to  arra  i^e 
for  a  public  oration  upon  the  life  aud  services  of  Abraham  Linco'  i." 

The  Chair  appointed  the  following  committee  in  p  ir- 
suance  of  this  resolution :  W.J^r.  Deshler,  David  S.  Gr.i  v, 


-?32  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

J.  E.  St.  Clair,  W.  Failing,  Isaac  Eberly,  Eev.  K.  Mees, 
L.  Kilbourne,  C.  P.  L.  Butler,  and  S.  Loving.  On  motion, 
Hon.  Samuel  Galloway  was  added  to  the  committee. 

The  meeting  then  closed  with  a  benediction  by  the  Eev. 
J.  M.  Trimble. 

The  City  Council  cordially  co-operated  with  the  citizens 
in  the  movement  thus  inaugurated.  On  motion  of  Cyrus 
Field,  it  was  agreed  that  the  Mayor,  city  officers  and 
members  of  the  City  Council  join  in  the  procession  to 
escort  the  remains  of  the  late  President,  and,  on  motion, 
Messrs.  Donaldson  and  Eoss  were  appointed  a  committee 
1o  make  the  necessary  arrangements  for  that  purpose. 

The  Council  had  previously 

"  Resolved,  That  a  committee  of  nine  (one  from  each  Ward)  be  ap- 
pointed to  act  in  conjunction  with  such  committees  as  may  be 
appointed  by  the  State  authorities,  and  the  citizens  generally,  to 
make  suitable  preparations  for  the  reception  of  the  remains  of  the 
lute  President." 

On  the  24th  of  April  the  Adjutant- General  of  Ohio 
promulgated  the  following  order : 

GENERAL  HEADQUARTERS,  STATE  OF  OHIO, 
GENERAL  ORDER,  >  ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S  OFFICE, 

No.  5.  5  COLUMBUS,  April  23, 1865. 

Major  John  W.  Skiles,  88th  O.  V.  I.,  is  hereby  appointed  Chief 
Marshal  of  the  ceremonies  in  honor  of  the  remains  of  the  late  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  in  the  city  of  Columbus,  on  the  29th  inst.  He  will 
appoint  his  own  aids,  and  will  have  entire  control  of  the  ceremonies 
tnd  procession  attending  the  transfer  of  the  remains  from  and  to  the 
depot. 

All  societies,  delegations,  or  other  organizations,  wishing  to  par- 
ticipate in  the  ceremonies,  will  report,  by  telegraph  or  letter,  to  the 
Chief  Marshal,  on  or  before  10  o'clock  A.  M.  of  Friday,  28th  inst. 

The  headquarters  of  the  Chief  Marshal,  during  Thursday  and  Fri- 
day, 27th  and  28th  inst.,  will  be  at  the  Adjutant-General's  office  in 
the  Capitol. 

By  order  of  the  Governor:  B.  E.  COWEN, 

Adjutant-General  of  Ohio. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  233 

James  Patterson,  chairman  of  the  City  Council  com- 
mittee, and  W.  G.  Deshler,  chairman  of  the  citizens'  com- 
mittee, announced  that  the  funeral  train  would  arrive  at 
Columbus  on  the  morning  of  April  29th,  at  half-past 
seven  o'clock — that  the  remains  of  the  President  would 
be  escorted  to  the  Capitol  by  a  military  and  civic  proces- 
sion, where  they  would  lie  in  state  until  six  o'clock  P.  M., 
and  that  at  three  o'clock  an  oration  would  be  delivered 
on  the  terrace  on  the  east  side  of  Capitol  Square.  The 
committee  requested  the  general  suspension  of  business, 
and  described  the  general  order  of  exercises,  cordially  in- 
vited societies  and  associations  to  join  the  procession, 
and  announced  the  following  officers  of  the  day : 

Chief  Marshal — Maj.  John  W.  Skiles. 

Aids — Charles  Scarrett,  Ed.  Fields,  Carl  Bancroft,  Ed. 
Fitch,  A.  Greenleaf,  W.  W.  Bailey,  Theo.  Butler,  Capt. 
Jas.  Grover,  C.  S.  Dyer,  John  W.  Doherty,  C.  W.  Douty, 
E.  S.  Neil,  Maj.  S.  Sullivant,  Jno.  Eadebaugh. 

Pall  Bearers — Dr.  John  Andrews,  Robert  Neil,  F.  C. 
Kelton,  John  Field,  Augustus  Platt,  Christian  Heyl,  E. 
W.  Gwynne,  W.  B.  Hubbard,  Judge  Taylor,  Jno.  Brooks, 
Wm.  B.  Thrall,  D.  W.  Deshler,  L.  Goodale,  Jos.  E.  Swan, 
Wm.  T.  Martin,  Wm.  M.  Awl,  G.  W.  Manypenny,  John 
M.  Walcutt,  F.  Stewart,  John  Noble,  F.  Jaeger,  Sr.,  Amos 
S.  Eanisey. 

Executive  Committee — W.  G.  Deshler,  C.  P.  L.  Butler, 
James  Patterson,  S.  N.  Field,  F.  Jaeger. 

Finance  Committee — B.  Gilmore,  W.  Failing,  Isaac  Eb- 
erly,  S.  N.  Field. 

Escort  Committee — Samuel  Galloway,  L.  Kilbourne,  S. 
Loving,  James  Patterson,  John  Miller,  J.  Eeinhard. 

Committee  on  Catafalque,  Decoration,  &c. — D.  S.  Gray, 
A.  B.  Buttles,  Wm.  Gaver. 


234  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Committee  on  Music  and  Printing — A.  B.  Buttles,  Eev. 
K.  Mees,  B.  Gilmore,  Win.  Naughton. 

Committee  on  Reception  of  Escort  and  G-uests — W.  Fail- 
ing, B.  Gilmore,  J.  E.  St.  Glair. 

Committee  on  Carriages — 0.  P.  L.  Butler,  Wm.  Graver. 

As  soon  as  committees  and  associations  had  made  re- 
port to  him,  the  Chief  Marshal  advertised  the  following 

OBDEE  OF  PEOCESSION. 

COLUMBUS,  O.,  April  27,  1865. 

1st.  The  remains  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  late  President  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  will  arrive  in  the  city  of  Columbus,  O.,  at  7  o'clock  A.  M., 
Saturday,  the  29th  instant,  at  the  Union  depot. 

2d.    The  funeral  escort  will  consist  of  the  88th  O.  V.  Infantry. 

3d.  Officers  of  the  army,  not  on  duty  with  troops,  are  respectfully 
invited  to  participate  in  the  obsequies.  They  will  report  to  Major 
James  Van  Voost,  18th  U.  S.  Infantry,  at  Headquarters,  Tod  Bar- 
racks, at  6  o'clock  A.  M.,  Saturday. 

4th.  Detachments  of  the  army  and  volunteer  organizations,  not 
on  duty  with  the  escort,  will  be  assigned  positions  on  application  to 
Capt.  L.  Nichols,  Tod  Barracks.  They  will  appear  with  side  arms 
only,  and  will  report  at  6  o'clock  A.  M.,  Saturday. 

5th.  All  military  officers  to  be  in  uniform,  and  with  side  arms. 
The  usual  badge  of  mourning  will  be  worn  on  the  left  arm  and 
sword  hilt. 

6th.  In  order  to  prevent  confusion  at  the  entrance  gate,  all  who 
are  not  in  line  of  procession  will  form  after  the  left  of  the  proces- 
sion has  entered  the  Capitol  Square  in  two  ranks,  on  the  outside  of 
the  Square  fence,  on  High  street,  running  north  to  Broad,  south  to 
State,  thence  east  on  Broad  and  State  streets,  for  extent.  They  will 
enter  the  west  gate  four  abreast,  in  regular  order,  by  inward  march 
of  each  rank,  AND  IN  NO  OTHER  WAY. 

It  is  desired  to  pass  ALL  through  the  Capitol,  and  in  order  to 
accommodate  each  person  the  public  must  preserve  order  and  follow 
the  programme  as  adopted. 

A  sufficient  guard,  composed  of  the  18th  U.  S.  Infantry,  will  be 
stationed  at  the  depot  to  prevent  any  delay  or  confusion  in  transfer- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  235 

ring  the  remains  to  the  catafalque,  and  in  seating  the  escort  accom- 
panying the  remains. 

7th.  All  delegations  who  have  reported  and  have  been  assigned  to 
positions  in  line  of  procession,  will  report  promptly  at  their  desig- 
nated places,  and  will  be  moved  by  Assistant  Marshals  in  charge. 

MILITARY   ESCORT. 

Eighty-eighth  O.  V.  Infantry,  under  command  of  Lieutenant-Col 
Webber. 

ORDER  OF  PROCESSION. 

1st.    Officiating  clergyman  and  orator  in  open  carriage. 

2d.    Undertaker  in  buggy. 

3d.    Pall  Bearers  in  carriages ;  carriages  three  abreast. 


V.  E.  C., 
Guards  of  Honor. 


V.  E.  C., 
Guards  of  Honor. 


4th.    Pall  Bearers  in  carriages ;  carriages  three  abreast. 
•  5th.    Escort  accompanying  remains  from  Washington  in  open  car- 
riages, three  abreast,  in  charge  of  Assistant  Marshals  Theodore  Corn- 
stock  and  Henry  Wilson.    V. 

Gth.    Major-General  Hooker  and  staff,  mounted. 

7th.    Brevet  Brigadier-General  W.  P.  Eichardson  and  staff,  mounted. 

8th.    A.  A.  Provost-Marshal  General  Col.  Wilcox  and  staff,  mounted. 

9th.    Brigadier-General  Wager  Swayne  and  staff,  in  open  carriage. 

10th.    Officers  of  the  army  on  duty,  and  temporarily  at  this  post, 
on  foot,  Major  James  Van  Voost,  18th  U.  S.  Infantry,  commanding. 

llth.    Soldiers  at  this  post  not  on  duty  with  escort,  Capt.  Levi  T. 
Nichols  commanding. 

12th.    Governor  Brough  and  suite. 

13th.    Camp  Thomas  Band. 

14th.     Committee  of  Arrangements  on  foot. 

15th.     Chief  Marshal  John  W.  Skiles,  and  Special  Aids  Charles 
Scarritt  and  Theo.  H.  Butler. 

FIRST    DIVISION. 

Assistant  Marshals — E.  G.  Field  and  John  Eadabaugh. 
16th.    Eeverend  Clergy,  City  and  State,  will  form  on  Depot  street, 
right  resting  on  Exchange  Hotel. 


236  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

17th.  Heads  of  Departments,  State  of  Ohio,  will  form  north  of 
railroad  track,  in  open  carriages,  right  resting  opposite  of  Exchange 
Hotel. 

18th.  Mayors  of  Cincinnati  and  Columbus,  and  Presidents  of  City 
Councils  of  said  cities,  in  open  carriages. 

19th.  City  Councils  of  Cincinnati  and  Columbus,  on  foot,  forming 
on  North  Public  Lane,  right  resting  on  High  street. 

20th.  Judges  and  officers  of  the  United  States  Court,  in  open 
carriages. 

21st.  Judges  and  officers  of  Supreme  Court  of  State  of  Ohio,  in 
open  carriages. 

22d.  Judges  and  officers  of  Franklin  and  other  County  Courts,  on 
foot,  forming  with  right  resting  north  of  railroad  track,  in  rear  of 
carriages. 

SECOND    DIVISION. 

Assistant  Marshals — Carl  Bancroft  and  E.  A.  Fitch. 

23d.  Masonic  Order  -will  form  on  West  North  street,  right  resting 
on  High,  left  extending  north  on  Front  street. 

THIRD  DIVISION. 

Assistant  Marshals — A.  Greenleaf  and  J.  W.  Doherty. 

24th.  Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows,  right  resting  on  East 
North  and  High,  left  extending  on  South  Front  street. 

FOURTH   DIVISION. 

Assistant  Marshals — C.  W.  Douty  and  C.  H.  Olmsted. 

25th.  United  Ancient  Order  of  Druids,  right  resting  on  corner  of 
High  and  West  Spring  streets,  left  extending  on  North  Front  street. 

26th.  Tod  Barracks  Band.  Fenian  Brotherhood,  right  resting  on 
corner  of  East  Spring  and  High  streets,  left  extending  south  on 
Third  street. 

27th.  Mechanics'  Association  will  form  with  right  resting  on  the 
left  of  Fenian  Brotherhood,  Third  street. 

28th.  St.  Martin's  and  St.  John's  Benevolent  Associations,  right 
resting  on  corner  of  West  Long  and  High  streets,  left  extending 
north  on  Front. 

The  Butchers'  Association  will  form  with  their  right  resting  on 
the  left  of  the  St.  Martin's  and  St.  John's  Benevolent  Associations' 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  237 

» 

FIFTH   DIVISION. 

Assistant  Marshals — Colonel  J.  Wing  and  W.  W.  Bagley. 

29th.  Fire  Department,  right  resting  on  corner  of  East  Long  and 
High  streets,  left  extending  on  Long.  Colored  Masonic  Order's  right 
resting  on  corner  of  East  Gay  and  High  streets,  extending  east  on 
Gay.  Colored  Benevolent  Association  will  form  with  their  right 
resting  on  left  of  Colored  Masonic  Fraternity. 

30th.  All  delegations  from  a  distance  will  form  with  right  resting 
on  "West  Gay  and  North,  left  extending  on  North  Front. 

The  different  delegations  are  hereby  directed  to  form  in  four  ranks. 

ROUTE  OF  PROCESSION. 

The  procession  will  move  promptly  from  sonth  of  the  depot  at 
7:30  A.  M.,  south  on  High  street  to  Broad,  east  on  Broad  to  Fourth, 
south  on  Fourth  to  State,  east  on  State  to  Seventh,  south  on  Seventh 
to  Town,  west  on  Town  to  High,  north  on  High  to  west  front  of  the 
Capitol. 

A  mounted  cavalry  force  will  be  stationed  at  all  the  intersections 
of  High  street  north  of  Town  street,  for  the  purpose  of  preventing 
all  vehicles  from  entering  on  High  street — that  it  must  be  kept  clear 
during  the  movements  of  the  procession. 

At  6  P.  M.  the  Capitol  will  be  closed.  The  procession  will  re-form 
in  the  following  order  to  escort  the  remains  to  the  depot. 

Military  escort. 

Escort  accompanying  the  remains. 

Pall  Bearers. 

Masonic  Fraternity  will  form  on  East  State  street,  the  right  rest* 
ing  on  High. 

Independent  Order  of  Odd  Fellows  will  form  on  East  Broad  street  > 
right  resting  on  High. 

All  other  organizations  will  form  on  West  Broad  street,  right  rest- 
ing on  High. 

All  carriages,  except  those  appropriated  to  the  Escort  Committee, 
will  be  under  the  charge  of  Assistant  Marshals  C.  S.  Dyer  and  H. 
M.  Neil. 

The  guard  at  the  Capitol  will  be  under  charge  of  Captain  M.  C. 

Wilkinson,  15th  V.  R.  C. 

JOHN  W.  SKILES, 

Major  and  Grand  Marshal. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Fourteen  days  from  that  on  which  the  American  people 
were  shocked  by  the  intelligence  that  a  President,  hon- 
ored and  loved  for  services  more  precious  than  any  ren- 
dered by  a  Chief  Magistrate  since  Washington  retired  to 
private  life,  had  been  assassinated,  the  remains  of  that 
President  were  brought  to  the  Capital  of  Ohio.  A  heavy 
rain  fell  on  the  night  previous,  and  the  early  morning 
was  gloomy,  but  about  the  hour  appointed  for  the  ar- 
rival of  the  funeral  train  the  clouds  broke  away  and 
the  rain  ceased.  At  the  appointed  hour  the  funeral  train 
entered  the  Union  Depot,  amid  the  ringing  of  muffled 
bells,  and  stopped  so  that  the  funeral  car  lay  nearly 
across  High  street.  An  immense  crowd  of  spectators 
was  congregated  in  the  vicinity  of  the  depot.  Bands  of 
music,  assembled  with  the  military  in  procession,  played 
solemn  dirges  while  the  coffin  was  taken  from  the  car  and 
laid  in  the  hearse  by  a  portion  of  the  Veteran  Eeserve 
Corps,  the  other  Veteran  Reserves  marching  by  its  side 
with  drawn  sabres,  attended  by  the  pall  bearers  and 
military  guard  of  honor. 

The  procession  was  then  formed  according  to  the  pro- 
gramme, and  was  the  most  imposing  and  the  most  im- 
pressive which  ever  marched  through  the  streets  of 
Columbus.  The  slow  measured  tread  of  the  troops,  the 
muffled  drum,  the  dead  march,  the  enshrouded  colors, 
told  their  own  tale  of  the  fearfully  solemn  occasion  on 
which  they  were  passing  in  review  before  the  assembled 
thousands  who  had  congregated  as  witnesses. 

The  hearse  was  the  great  centre  of  attraction.  All 
along  the  line  of  march  it  was  preceded  and  followed  by 
hundreds,  of  all  ages,  sexes  and  conditions,  striving  to 
keep  as  near  as  possible  to  the  sombre  structure.  It  was 
17  feet  long,  8|  feet  wide,  and  17 £  feet  from  the  ground 
to  the  apex  of  the  canopy.  The  main  platform  was  four 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  239 

feet  from  the  ground,  on  which  rested  a  dais  for  the  re- 
ception of  the  coffin,  twelve  feet  long  by  five  wide,  raised 
two  and  a  half  feet  above  the  platform.  The  canopy  re- 
sembled in  shape  a  Chinese  pagoda.  The  interior  of  the 
roof  was  lined  with  silk  flags,  and  the  outside  covered 
with  black  broadcloth,  as  were  the  dais,  the  main  plat- 
form and  the  entire  hearse.  Black  cloth,  festooned,  de- 
pended from  the  platform  within  a  few  inches  of  the 
ground,  fringed  with  silver  lace,  and  ornamented  with 
heavy  tassels  of  black  silk.  Surrounding  the  cornice  of 
the  canopy  were  thirty-six  silver  stars,  and  on  the  apex 
and  the  four  corners  were  five  heavy  black  plumes.  The 
canopy  was  appropriately  curtained  with  black  cloth, 
lined  with  white  merino.  On  each  side  of  the  dais  was 
the  word  "Lincoln,"  in  silver  letters.  The  hearse  was 
drawn  by  six  white  horses,  covered  with  black  cloth, 
which  was  edged  with  silver  fringe.  The  heads  of  the 
horses  were  surmounted  with  large  black  plumes,  and 
each  was  led  by  a  groom  dressed  in  black,  with  white 
gloves  and  a  white  band  round  his  hat.  On  the  dais, 
nearly  in  the  centre  of  the  hearse,  the  coffin  was  placed, 
in  full  view  of  the  multitudes  on  the  streets. 

Every  window,  housetop,  balcony,  and  every  inch  of 
the  sidewalk  on  either  side  of  High  street  was  densely 
crowded  with  a  mournful  throng,  assembled  to  pay 
homage  to  departed  worth.  In  all  the  enormous  crowd 
profound  silence  reigned.  Conversation  was  carried  on 
in  whispers.  The  completeness  of  every  detail  of  tthe 
procession  was  remarked  by  all,  and  much  praise  award- 
ed the  committee  of  arrangements.  The  display  made 
by  the  various  Orders  and  Associations  in  the  procession 
elicited  universal  commendation.  The  Fire  Department 
was  the  subject  of  especial  notice  and  praise.  The  neat, 
clean  uniforms  of  the  officers  and  men,  the  splendid  con- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

dition  of  the  steamers  and  hose-carts,  and  the  decorated 
car,  filled  with  forty-two  young  ladies  habited  in  deep 
mourning,  were  among  the  noticeable  incidents  of  the 
day.  A  very  impressive  feature  of  the  occasion  was  the 
singing  by  the  young  ladies  in  the  mourning  car  of  the 
Fire  Department,  of  1027th  hymn  of  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal collection,  commencing  with : — 

"  Great  Euler  of  the  earth  and  skies," 
and  the  1018th  hymn,  commencing  with — 

"  Behold,  O  Lord,  before  Thy  Throne." 

The  route  of  the  procession  was  south  on  High  street 
to  Broad — east  on  Broad  to  Fourth — south  on  Fourth  to 
State — east  on  State  to  Seventh — south  on  Seventh  to 
Town — west  on  Town  to  High — north  on  High  to  the 
west  front  of  the  Capitol.  Along  the  entire  line  of  march, 
dwelling  houses,  shops,  stores,  and  other  places  of  busi- 
ness, as  well  as  all  public  buildings,  were  tastefully  and 
solemnly  decorated.  It  is  proper  to  mention,  on  East 
Broadway,  the  offices  of  the  Adams  and  American  Ex- 
press Companies,  and  the  military  offices  in  the  Buckeye 
Block.  The  Seminary  Hospital  was  adorned  with  mot- 
toes in  wreaths  of  evergreens,  a  draped  picture  of  Presi- 
dent Lincoln,  and  draped  flags,  and  when  the  procession 
passed  it  the  invalid  soldiers  strewed  flowers  before  the 
hearse.  The  headquarters  of  Provost  Marshal  General 
Wilcox,  on  State  street,  were  very  handsomely  decorated. 
The  north  end  and  east  front  of  the  Market  House,  the 
Odd  Fellows'  Hall,  and  the  Gwynne  Block,  were  each 
appropriately  dressed  in  mourning.  On  the  large  front 
of  Kelton,  Bancroft  &  Co.'s  Wholesale  Dry  Goods  House 
the  national  colors  hung  in  heavy  rich  folds  from  the  top 
of  each  of  the  windows,  shrouded  in  black,  and  most 
tastefully  arranged  with  President  Lincoln's  initial  letters 
in  the  centre.  The  various  engine  houses  of  the  Fire 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  24  1 

Department  were  draped  and  adorned  with  appropriate 
mottoes.  The  towers,  gable,  offices,  baggage  rooms  and 
lamps  of  the  Union  Depot  were  heavily  draped,  as  was 
also  the  office  of  the  Little  Miami  Bailroad  Company. 
Among  the  most  noticeable  displays  on  High  street,  we 
mention  the  First  National  Bank  building,  the  store 
rooms  of  Bain  &  Son,  Blynn,  Smith  &  Conrad,  Randall 
&  Aston,  Thrall  &  Benhain,  F.  D.  Clark,  Griffin  &  Cham  - 
pion,  Naughton,  Fay,  and  J.  D.  Osborn  &  Co.  The 
great  feature  of  the  decoration  was  found  at  the  Clothing 
House  of  Marcus  Childs,  in  the  Neil  House  building. 
Thousands  of  persons  were  attracted  by  the  beauty  and 
appropriateness  of  the  designs,  and  the  very  elegant 
manner  in  which  they  were  carried  out.  Beginning  at 
the  south  window,  we  find  them  each  draped  with  black 
cloth,  relieved  by  white  stars  at  regular  intervals,  and  in 
established  order.  This  window  was  adorned  with  the 
following  mottoes : 

"  Servant  of  God,  well  done,  _ 
Thy  race  is  o'er,  thy  victory  won." 

"  The  last  Martyr  for  Freedom." 
"  Heaven  but  tries  our  virtues  by  affliction." 

"East,  West,  North  and  South  mourn, 
The  greatest  friend  of  suffering  humanity  is  gone." 

"The  President  dies,  we  mourn; 
The  Nation  lives,  we  rejoice." 

The  next  window  north — 

"  Our  Country,  Washington,  Lincoln,  Memoriori  Eterua  !" 
"  Memento  Mori,  Born  Feb.  12th,  1809,  Died  April  15,  1865." 

"  Too  good  for  Earth,  to  Heaven  thou  art  fled, 
And  left  the  Nation  in  tears." 

"  He  was  a  good  man,  and  a  just  one  " 
11* 


. 

242  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

The  third  window — 

"  Our  Chief  has  fallen." 

"  In  mourning  tears  the  Nation's  grief  is  spent, 
Mankind  has  lost  a  friend,  we  a  President." 

"  The  Nation  mourns." 

"  His  memory,  like  the  Union  he  preserved,  is  not  for  a  day,  but 
for  all  time." 

"  Weep,  nature,  weep,  put  on  thy  mourning  garb." 
The  north  window — 

"  We  mourn  our  loss." 

"  We  loved  him,  yes,  no  tongue  can  tell 
How  much  we  loved  him,  and  how  well." 

"  Fear  not,  Abraham,  I  am  thy  shield ;  thy  reward  shall  be  exceed- 
ing great." 

"  Only  the  actions  of  the  just 
Smell  sweet  and  blossom  in  the  dust." 

"  His  noblest  motive  was  the  public  good." 

At  the  base  of  the  front  windows  a  draped  portrait  of 
Mr.  Lincoln  was  ^exhibited,  and  each  doorway  was  hung 
in  heavy  festoons  of  black  cloth.  Over  all  a  draped  flag 
was  extended. 

The  west  gateway  of  the  Capitol  Square  was  arched, 
and  bore  the  simple  inscription,  "  Ohio  Mourns."  The 
columns  at  the  west  front  of  the  Capitol  were  tastefully 
draped  in  spiral  turns  of  mourning  cloth  from  top  to  bot- 
tom. Immediately  over  the  entrance  (west  front)  was 
placed  the  inscription,  "  God  Moves  in  a  Mysterious  Way" 
and  over  the  cornice  of  the  columns  was  placed  a  quota- 
tion from  President  Lincoln's  last  inaugural  address : — 
"  With  Malice  to  none ;  with  Charity  for  all."  Each  of  the 
windows  in  the  west  front  was  heavily  draped. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  243 

At  about  nine  o'clock  the  head  of  the  procession  arrived 
at  the  west  entrance  of  Capitol  Square.  The  88th  O.  Y.  I. 
acting  as  special  escort,  passed  in  immediately,  forming 
lines  in  two  ranks  on  each  side  of  the  passway  from  the 
gate  to  the  steps  of  the  Capitol.  During  the  momentary 
delay  the  silence  and  deep  feeling  manifested  by  the 
people  in  the  procession,  by  those  crowding  the  streets 
in  every  direction,  and  by  those  gazing  from  every  avail- 
able window,  was  without  precedent.  The  gaze  seemed 
to  alternate  between  the  coffin  being  removed  from  the 
hearse  containing  the  man  dead  and  his  striking  living 
utterance,  "  With  malice  toward  none,  with  charity  for 
all,"  looking  down  upon  them  from  the  architrave  of  the 
Capitol.  As  the  coffin,  borne  upon  the  shoulders  of  eight 
of  the  sergeants  constituting  the  Veteran  Guard,  passed 
toward  the  archway,  the  bands  gave  expression  to  the  sol- 
emn emotions  of  the  hour  in  a  dirge,  the  high  officials  in  at- 
tendance assumed  their  places  as  escort,  and  thousands  of 
bowed  heads  said  as  plainly  as  the  letters  arching  the 
entrance,  "  OHIO  MOURNS."  Slowly  and  solemnly  the 
escort,  headed  by  General  Hooker  and  staff,  and  Governor 
Brough  and  staff,  passed  to  the  Capitol  entrance,  and 
reverently  the  coffin  was  lowered  from  the  shoulders  of 
the  veterans  to  the  flowery  bed  awaiting  it.  The  officers 
named,  with  their  attendants,  Major-General  Hunter  and 
staff,  the  General  officers  in  charge  of  the  corpse  from 
Washington,  General  Wager  Swayne  and  staff,  the  Pall- 
Bearers,  and  members  of  Committees,  assumed  their 
proper  places  around  the  catafalque  with  uncovered  heads ; 
the  guard  from  the  Veteran  Eeserve  Corps  formed  in  line 
on  each  side,  and,  as  soon  as  the  corpse  was  in  place,  Rev. 
C.  E.  Felton  offered  an  appropriate  prayer.  Impressive 
as  was  this  scene,  it  was  surpassed  by  the  one  that  fol- 
lowed immediately  on  the  opening  of  the  coffin.  Amid 


244  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

silence  almost  painful  the  lid  was  raised — a  sigh  from 
those  present — a  slight  movement  by  the  undertaker — 
and  for  minutes  all  was  again  as  still  as  death.  The  vet- 
eran officers  and  soldiers,  with  bowed  heads,  seemed  im- 
movable as  statues,  unconsciously  every  face  mirrored 
the  contending  emotions  of  the  heart,  and  the  grouping 
around  the  dead  of  citizens  and  soldiers,  seen  by  those 
forming  the  head  of  the  procession  at  the  foot  of  the 
western  stairway,  formed  a  scene  never  to  be  forgotten, 
and  not  to  be  described.  Mrs.  Hoffner,  representing  the 
Horticultural  Society  of  Cincinnati,  the  only  lady  present, 
stepped  softly  forward  and  placed  at  the  foot  of  the  coffin 
an  anchor  composed  of  delicate  white  flowers  and  ever- 
green boughs,  a  wreath  of  the  same  upon  the  breast  of  the 
dead,  and  a  cross  at  the  head.  Instructions  were  given 
more  by  signs  than  words,  and  arrangements  made  for  the 
people  to  look  upon  the  remains. 

The  Kotunda  of  the  Capitol,  well  calculated  for  display, 
grand,  in  its  loftiness,  and  much  the  resort  of  our  people, 
was  transformed  into  a  gorgeous  tomb.  The  column  of 
light  streaming  down  from  the  lofty  dome,  made  distinct 
and  impressive  each  feature  of  the  solemn  scene  below. 
There  was  no  stiffness  to  jar  with  softened  feeling,  no 
unwonted  display  to  mar  the  solemnity,  but  beautifully 
and  simply  grand  as  was  the  character  of  him  whose 
mortal  remains  were  to  repose  therein,  the  rotunda  of 
Ohio's  Capitol  emblemed  the  sorrow  of  Ohio's  people. 
The  entrance  ways  and  the  corresponding  panels  were 
uniformly  draped  with  black  cloth,  falling  in  heavy  folds 
from  the  arches  to  the  floor.  In  the  panels  the  drapings 
were  gathered  to  the  sides  equidistant  from  arch  to  floor, 
and  then  allowed  to  fall  in  full  volume,  and  closing  at  the 
bottom  as  at  the  top.  In  three  of  these  central  spaces 
thus  formed,  were  grouped  the  war-worn  battle  flags  of 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  245 

veteran  Ohio  regiments.  In  the  other  panel,  the  one 
between  the  north  and  east  entrances,  tastefully  mounted 
and  appropriately  draped,  was  Powell's  painting,  "  Per- 
ry's Victory ;"  the  grouping  of  characters  and  the  sub- 
limity of  the  scene  represented,  adding  mnch  to  the 
general  and  impressive  beauty  of  the  rotunda.  Above 
the  panels,  entirely  round  the  dome,  were  three  rows  of 
festoons  with  black  and  white  pendants,  the  whole  join- 
ing appropriately  the  general  drapings  below. 

On  a  platform  with  a  base  of  21£  by  28  feet,  rising  by 
five  steps  until  it  presented  a  top  surface  perhaps  one-half 
as  large,  was  placed  the  dais  for  the  reception  of  the 
coffin.  This  platform,  tastefully  carpeted,  the  rise  of  each 
step  dressed  in  black,  was  ornamented  with  emblematical 
flowers  and  plants  in  vases  so  arranged  as  to  present, 
with  their  impression  of  beauty,  the  sorrow  for  the  dead. 
At  the  corners  facing  the  west  entrance,  were  large  vases 
containing  beautiful  specimens  of  amaranth,  and  midway 
between  them  a  grand  central  vase  glowing  with  the  rich- 
ness and  beauty  of  the  choicest  flowers  of  the  season.  A 
similar  disposition  of  vases  faced  the  east  entrance,  from 
the  corner  ones  the  flowers  of  the  emblematical  Justitia, 
reaching  to  the  hight  of  the  dais.  Around  these  large 
vases,  were  grouped  smaller  ones,  rising  in  gradations  of 
beauty  with  the  steps  of  the  platform.  The  dais  was  most 
properly  the  crowning  beauty  of  the  structure,  and  in  a 
brief  description  it  is  impossible  to  do  it  justice.  Kectan- 
gular  in  form,  with  a  side  elevation  of  two  feet,  it  was 
without  canopy  and  beautifully  ornamented.  The  sides 
were  covered  with  black  broadcloth,  over  which  drooped 
from  the  top  festoons  of  white  merino,  and  tassels  of  white 
silk.  The  end  facing  the  west  entrance  bore  inscribed, 
on  a  black  panel  with  white  border,  in  silver  letters,  the 
word  "  Lincoln."  From  the  festooning  at  the  top,  rose 


246  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

in  graceful  swell  a  bed  of  white  roses,  immortelles  and 
o^nge  blossoms,  the  pure  white  relieved  only  by  the  deep 
fresh  green  of  the  leaves  and  sprigs  accompanying. 

The  Guard  of  Honor  was  relieved  by  the  following 
named  officers,  acting  in  the  same  capacity  and  under  the 
immediate  charge  of  Colonel  J.  A.  Wilcox  and  Major  L. 
S.  Sullivaut :  Captain  Douglas,  13th  O.  V.  I. ;  Captain 
Stivers,  TJ.  S.  A. ;  Captain  Walker,  5th  O.  Y.  C. ;  Captain 
A.  T.  Wikoff,  91st  O.  V.  I. ;  Captain  McGroat,  Captain 
Hull,  18th  O.  Y.  I. ;  Captain  H.  P.  Wands,  22d  Mich. ; 
Captain  Davis,  18th  O.  Y.  I. ;  Captain  Hannal,  124th  O. 
Y.  I. ;  Lieutenant  Horringer,  2d  O.  Y.  C. ;  Lieutenant  J. 
H.  Orr,  109th  O.  Y.  I. ;  Lieutenant  H.  B.  Freeman,  18th 
O.  Y.  I. ;  Adjutant  D.  C.  Patrick,  and  Lieutenants  J.  B. 
Dague,  G.  I.  Davison,  J.  D.  Wilson  and  Norris  Killen,  of 
the  88th  O.  Y.  I. 

The  officers,  pall-bearers  and  committees,  after  looking 
upon  the  remains,  retired,  excepting  those  having  the 
body  in  charge.  The  officers  forming  the  guard  were 
assigned  their  positions,  and  without  delay  the  people 
commenced  moving  into  the  rotunda.  First  came  the 
various  military  organizations  of  the  procession,  the  men 
formed  in  four  ranks,  marching  without  noise  upon  a  car- 
pet to  the  catafalque,  passing  by  twos  on  each  side  of  the 
coffin — the  face  and  upper  part  of  thebody  being  brought  in 
full  view  of  each  individual — and  then  those  on  the  right 
passing  out  at  the  south  and  those  on  the  left  turning  to 
the  north.  Then  followed  in  order  the  various  delegations 
of  the  procession,  succeeded  by  the  people  en  masse;  the 
same  order  being  preserved  throughout  the  day. 

The  impressive  solemnity  with  which  the  ceremonies 
were  inaugurated  continued  without  interruption.  The 
officers  on  duty  firmly  but  courteously  enforced  every  rule, 
and  the  people  seemed  imbued  with  such  a  spirit  that 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  247 

they  all  moved  as  one  person.  Not  an  indecorous  action, 
not  a  whispered  word,  not  a  frowning  countenance  marred 
the  scene.  The  marked  order,  the  seemliness  of  action, 
and  the  subdued  demeanor  of  the  countless  multitude, 
composed  of  every  class,  age  and  color,  during  the  entire 
day,  form  a  feature  of  this  more  than  pageant  that  speaks 
louder  than  the  most  eloquent  and  pathetic  words  the 
people's  love  for  Abraham  Lincoln. 

By  actual  count  it  was  found  that  over  eight  thousand 
passed  in  and  out  every  hour  from  half  after  nine  until 
four  o'clock,  and,  making  due  allowance,  'tis  thought  that 
over  fifty  thousand  people  viewed  the  remains  in  that 
time.  The  unparalleled  good  order  prevailing  at  all  times 
must  remain  ever  a  source  of  pride  to  all  participating. 

Many  scenes  during  the  day  were  affecting  and  impres- 
sive, but  to  chronicle  them  would  fill  a  volume.  All  felt 
the  sorrow,  and  countenance  and  act  mirrored  it  with 
striking  plainness.  Thousands  of  persons  stood  in  line 
on  High  street,  four  abreast ;  the  lines  extending  in  either 
direction,  north  from  the  west  gateway  to  Long  street, 
and  south  from  the  west  gateway  to  Eich  street,  patiently 
awaiting  their  opportunity.  For  more  "than  six  hours  a 
steady  stream  of  humanity  poured  through  the  channel, 
all  eager  to  gaze  at  the  martyred  President  on  his  bier. 

THE  AFTERNOON  EXERCISES. 

Long  before  the  hour  appointed  for  the  delivery  of  the 
funeral  oration  the  east  terrace  of  the  State  House  was 
crowded  with  men  and  women,  who  had  gathered  to  hear 
the  lessons  which  might  be  suggested  from  the  exemplary 
life  and  violent  death  of  Abraham  Lincoln.  A  platform 
had  been  erected  immediately  in  front  of  the  entrance  to 
the  Capitol,  and  upon  this  platform,  at  three  o'clock,  ap- 
peared Maj.  Gen.  Hunter,  Maj.  Gen.  Hooker,  Maj.  Gen. 


248  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Barnard,  Brig.  Gen.  Townsend,  Brig.  Gen.  McCallum, 
Col.  Swords,  Col.  Simpson,  Col.  Lathrop,  Capt.  Taylor, 
Hon.  T.  B.  Shannon  of  California,  Hon.  T.  W.  Terry  of 
Michigan,  Hon.  Mr.  Clarke  of  Kansas,  the  orator,  Hon. 
Job  E.  Stevenson  of  Chillicothe,  and  Eevs.  E.  P.  Goodwin 
and  C.  E.  Felton  of  Columbus.  After  appropriate  music 
by  military  bands,  and  the  singing  of  a  hymn  by  a  choir, 
under  the  direction  of  J.  A.  Scarritt,  a  prayer,  impressive 
in  thought  and  earnest  in  manner  and  word,  was  offered 
by  the  Pastor  of  the  Congregational  Church  of  Columbus, 
Mr.  Goodwin.  A  solemn  hymn  was  then  sung  by  the 
choir.  When  Mr.  Stevenson  began  his  oration  a  mourn- 
ful quiet  pervaded  the  large  assembly.  It  was  broken 
during  the  delivery  of  the  oration  only  when  the  orator, 
alluding  to  the  great  crime  which  rebellion  had  instigated, 
demanded  that  justice  be  done  the  criminals,  and  de- 
clared that  conciliation  of  those  who  had  murdered  Mercy 
was  condemned  by  the  cries  to  heaven  of  thousands  of 
soldiers  murdered  in  rebel  prisons — by  bereaved  homes 
in  all  loyal  States.  Mr.  Stevenson's  oration  was  substan- 
tially as  follows : 

•     THE  OHIO   OKATION. 

"  Ohio  mourns,  America  mourns,  the  civilized  world  will 
mourn  the  cruel  death  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  the  brave, 
the  wise,  the  good ;  bravest,  wisest,  best  of  men. 

"  History  alone  can  measure  and  weigh  his  worth,  but 
we,  in  parting  from  his  mortal  remains,  may  indulge  the 
fullness  of  our  hearts  in  a  few  broken  words  of  his  life  and 
his  death  and  his  fame ;  his  noble  life  and  martyr's  death, 
and  matchless  fame.  A  western  farmer's  son,  self-made, 
in  early  manhood  he  won,  by  sterling  qualities  of  head 
and  heart,  the  public  confidence,  and  was  entrusted  with 
the  people's  power.  Growing  with  his  growing  State,  he 
became  a  leader  in  the  west. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  24.9 

"  Elected  President,  he  disbelieved  the  threats  of  traitors 
and  sought  to  serve  his  term  in  peace.  The  clouds  of 
civil  war  darkened  the  land.  The  President  pleaded  and 
prayed  for  peace,  'long  declined  the  war,' and  only  when 
the  storm  broke  in  fury  on  the  flag,  did  he  arm  for  the 
Union. 

"  For  four  years  the  war  raged,  and  the  President  was 
tried  as  man  was  never  tried  before. 

"Oh,  'with  what  a  load  of  toil  and  care'  has  he  come, 
with  steady,  steadfast  step,  through  the  valley  and  shadow 
of  defeat,  over  the  bright  mountain  of  victory,  up  to  the 
sunlit  plain  of  peace. 

"  Tried  by  dire  disaster  at  Bull  Eun,  where  volunteer 
patriots  met  veteran  traitors ;  at  Fredericksburg,  where 
courage  contended  with  nature ;  at  Chancellorsville,  that 
desperate  venture ;  in  the  dismal  swamps  of  the  Chicka- 
hominy,  where  a  brave  army  was  buried  in  vain ;  by  the 
chronic  siege  of  Charleston ;  the  mockery  of  Eichmond, 
and  the  dangers  at  Washington — through  all  these  trials 
the  President  stood  firm,  trusting  in  God  and  the  people, 
while  the  people  trusted  in  God  and  in  him. 

"  There  were  never  braver  men  than  the  Union  volun- 
teers; none  braver  ever  rallied  in  Grecian  phalanx  or 
Eoman  legion ;  none  braver  ever  bent  the  Saxon  bow,  or 
bore  barbarian  battle-ax,  or  set  the  lance  in  rest ;  none 
braver  ever  followed  the  crescent  or  the  cross,  or  fought 
with  Napoleon,  or  Wellington,  or  Washington.  Yet  the 
Commander-in-Chief  of  the  Union  army  and  navy  was 
worthy  of  the  men — filling  for  four  years  the  foremost  and 
most  perilous  post  unfaltering. 

"  Tried  by  good  fortune,  he  saw  the  soldiers  of  the  west 
recover  the  great  valley,  and  bring  back  to  the  Union  the 
Father  of  Waters,  and  all  his  beautiful  children  ;  he  sav 

12 


250  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

the  legions  of  Lee  hurled  from  the  heights  of  Gettysburg ; 
he  saw  the  flag  of  the  free  rise  on  Lookout  Mountain  and 
spread  from  the  river  to  the  sea,  and  rest  over  Sumter ; 
he  saw  the  Star  Spangled  Banner,  brightened  by  the 
blaze  of  battle,  bloom  over  Eichmond,  and  he  saw  Lee 
surrender.  Yet,  he  remained  wise  and  modest,  giving  all 
the  glory  to  God  and  our  army  and  navy. 

"  Tried  by  civil  aifairs,  which  would  have  taxed  the 
powers  and  tested  the  virtue  of  Jefferson,  Hamilton  and 
Washington,  he*  administered  them  so  wisely  and  well, 
that  after  three  years  no  man  was  found  to  take  his  place. 
He  was  re-elected  and  the  harvest  of  success  came  in  so 
grandly,  that  he  might  have  said:  'Now  Lord  lettest 
thou  thy  servant  depart  in  peace,  for  mine  eyes  have  seen 
thy  salvation.'  Yet  he  was  free  from  weakness  or  vanity. 

"  Thus  did  he  exhibit,  on  occasion,  in  due  proportion  and 
harmonious  action,  those  cardinal  virtues,  the  trinity  of 
true  greatness — courage,  wisdom  and  goodness; — good- 
ness to  love  the  right,  wisdom  to  know  the  right,  and 
courage  to  do  the  right.  Tried  by  these  tests  and  by  the 
touch-stone  of  success,  he  was  the  greatest  of  living  men. 

*'  He  stood  on  the  summit,  his  brow  bathed  in  the  beams 
of  the  rising  sun  of  Peace,  singing  in  his  heart  the  angelic 
song  of  '  Glory  to  God  in  the  highest ;  peace  on  earth ; 
good  will  to  man.' 

" '  With  malace  toward  none,  with  charity  for  all,'  he  had 
forgiven  the  people  of  the  South,  and  might  have  forgot- 
ten their  leaders — covering  with  the  broad  mantle  of  his 
charity  their  multitude  of  sins. 

"  But  he  is  slain — slain  by  slavery.  That  fiend  incarnate 
did  the  deed.  Beaten  in  battle,  the  leaders  sought  to 
save  slavery  by  assassination.  Their  madness  presaged 
their  destruction. 


LINCOLN  MIMOEIAL.  251 

* 

**  Abraham  Lincoln  was  the  personification  of  Mercy. 
Andrew  Johnson  is  the  personification  of  Justice. 

"  They  have  murdered  Mercy,  and  Justice  rules  alone — 
and  the  people,  with  one  voice,  pray  to  Heaven  that  jus- 
tice may  be  done.  The  mere  momentum  of  our  victori- 
ous armies  will  crush  every  rebel  in  arms,  and  then  may 
our  eyes  behold  the  majesty  of  the  law.  They  have  ap- 
pealed to  the  sword ;— if  they  were  tried  by  the  laws  of 
war,  their  barbarous  crimes  against  humanity  would 
doom  them  to  death. 

"  The  blood  of  thousands  of  murdered  prisoners  cries  to 
heaven.  The  shades  of  sixty-two  thousand  starved  soldiers 
rise  up  in  judgment  against  them.  The  body  of  the  mur- 
dered President  condemns  them.  Some  deprecate  ven- 
geance. There  is  no  room  for  vengeance  here.  Long  be- 
fore justice  can  have  her  perfect  work  the  material  will 
be  exhausted,  and  the  record  closed. 

"  Some  wonder  why  the  South  killed  her  best  friend. 
Abraham  Lincoln  was  the  true  friend  of  the  people  of  the 
South ;  for  he  was  their  friend  as  Jesus  is  the  friend  of 
sinners — ready  to  save  when  they  repent.  He  was  not 
the  friend  of  rebellion,  of  treason,  of  slavery — he  was 
their  boldest  and  strongest  foe,  and  therefore  they  slew 
him — but  in  his  death  they  die ;  the  people  have  judged 
them,  and  they  stand  convicted,  smitten  with  remorse  and 
dismay — while  the  cause  for  which  the  President  perished, 
sanctified  by  his  blood,  grows  stronger  and  brighter. 
These  are  some  of  the  consequences  of  the  death  of  Abra- 
ham Lincoln.  Ours  is  the  grief — theirs  is  the  loss,  and 
his  is  the  gain.  He  died  for  Liberty  and  Union,  and  now 
he  wears  the  martyr's  glorious  crown.  He  is  our  crowned 
President.  While  the  Union  survives — while  the  love  of 
Liberty  warms  the  human  heart,  Abraham  Lincoln  will 
hold  high  rank  among  the  immortal  dead. 


252  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

"  The  nation  is  saved  and  redeemed.  She  needs  no  aid 
from  rebel  hands  to  reconstruct  the  Union.  The  Union 
needs  no  reconstruction.  It  was  not  made  by  man ;  it 
was  created  by  the  God  of  Nations.  It  is  vital  and  im- 
mortal. If  it  has  wounds  in  the  members  of  its  body, 
they  will  heal,  and  leave  no  scar,  without  the  opiate  of 
compromise  with  treason.  Let  us  beware  of  the  Delilah 
of  the  South,  who  has  so  lately  betrayed  our  strong  man. 
Let  the  '  Prodigals '  feed  on  the  husks  till  they  come  in 
repentance,  and  ask  to  be  received  in  their  father's  house — 
not  as  the  equals  to  their  faithful  brethren,  but  on  a  level 
with  their  former  servants.  Then  we  can  consider  their 
petition,  and  discuss  the  question,  not  of  the  reconstruc- 
tion of  the  Union,  but  of  the  formation  of  free  States  from 
the  national  domain.  Until  then  let  the  sword  which  re- 
claimed their  territory  rule  it,  tempered  by  national  law. 
Some  cry  conciliation,  and  say  there  can  be  no  true  peace 
by  conquest.  On  the  contrary,  there  is  no  enduring  peace 
but  the  peace  that  is  conquered.  The  peace  of  France  is 
a  conquered  peace  ;  the  peace  of  England  was  conquered 
and  conquered  again ;  the  peace  of  our  fathers  was  a  con- 
quered peace;  the  peace  of  the  world  is  a  conquered 
peace ;  the  peace  of  Heaven  is  a  conquered  peace ;  and 
thanks  be  to  God,  our  peace  is  to  be  a  conquered,  and 
therefore  a  lasting  peace.  For  a  thousand  years  shall  the 
people  enjoy  Liberty  and  Union  in  peace  and  security. 
The  nation  revived  through  all  her  members  by  the  hand 
of  free  labor,  prosperity  shall  fill  and  overflow  the  land — 
roll  along  the  railways — thrill  the  electric  wires — pulsate 
on  the  rivers — blossom  on  the  lakes,  and  whiten  the  seas ; 
and  the  imperial  free  Eepublic,  the  best  and  strongest 
Government  on  earth,  will  be  a  monument  of  the  glory  of 
Abraham  Lincoln — while  over  and  above  all,  shall  rise 
and  swell  the  great  '  dome  of  his  fame.'  " 


LINCOLN  MEMOBTAL.  253 

When  the  orator  took  his  seat  earnest  and  solemn  mani- 
festations of  approval  testified  that  he  had  appropriately 
and  impressively  spoken  for  the  people. 

Immediately  there  were  cries  for  Hooker.  Major  Gen. 
Hooker  rose  from  his  seat,  when  the  band  began  to  play 
a  dirge.  He  stood  until  the  music  stopped  and  then  ad- 
ministered to  those  who  called  for  him  a  just  rebuke. 

General  Hooker  said :  "  My  friends,  I  thank  you  very 
much  for  the  compliment  you  pay  me  by  your  call.  If  I 
do  not  respond  by  remarks,  you  will  ascribe  it  to  the  in- 
appropriateness  of  the  occasion.  Your  call  was  dictated 
by  curiosity  as  much  as  to  hear  a  speech  from  me :  that  I 
grant  you.  Further  you  must  excuse  me." 

This  frank  speech  was  received  in  the  spirit  which  dic- 
tated it.  The  ceremonies  were  then  concluded  by  the 
singing  of  the  ode  written  by  William  Cullen  Bryant, 
which  formed  a  part  of  the  funeral  ceremonies  in  New 
York. 

The  hour  for  the  removal  of  the  coffin  from  the  rotunda 
having  nearly  arrived,  a  majority  of  the  people  who  had 
listened  to  the  funeral  oration  quietly  wended  their  way 
toward  High  street,  which  was  densely  thronged,  until 
the  cortege  was  reformed  and  moved  to  the  depot. 

At  six  o'clock  in  the  evening  the  doors  of  the  Capitol 
were  closed,  the  bugle  sounded  the  assembly,  the  soldiers 
took  arms,  and  the  procession  began  reforming  for  the 
final  escort  to  the  depot.  As  the  body  was  being  borne 
out  to  the  funeral  car  at  the  west  gateway  of  the  Capitol 
grounds,  a  national  salute  was  fired.  Soon  after,  the 
procession  moved,  and  the  remains  of  the  President  were 
transferred  to  the  funeral  car  at  the  depot  of  the  Indiana 
Central  Eailway,  for  transportation  to  Indianapolis. 

The  committee  superintending  the  catafalque  in  the 
rotunda  determined  to  allow  it  to  remain  until  the  remains 


254'  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

of  Mr.  Lincoln  were  consigned  to  the  tomb  at  Springfield, 
and  it  is  to  be  recorded  as  a  memorable  deed  for  the 
citizens  of  Columbus,  that  every  morning  until  that  of 
the  4th  of  May,  fresh  flowers  were  placed  around  the 
dais  where  the  President's  coffin  had  rested,  and  thou- 
sands of  men,  women  and  children  visited  and  revisited 
the  catafalque,  and  again  and  again  with  sad  emotion 
viewed  the  symbols  of  grief  which  decorated  the  rotunda 
of  Ohio's  Capitol,  in  which,  in  February  1861,  Mr.  Lincoln 
had  been  given  the  most  enthusiastic  reception  ever  be- 
stowed by  the  people  of  Ohio  upon  a  citizen  of  the  Re- 
public. 

FROM  COLUMBUS  TO  INDIANAPOLIS. 

The  funeral  train  left  Columbus  at  eight  o'clock.  B.  E. 
Smith,  Esq.,  President,  and  J.  M.  Lunt,  Esq.,  Superin- 
tendent of  the  Columbus  and  Indianapolis  Central  Rail- 
way *  accompanied  it,  giving  personal  attention  to  the 
wants  and  wishes  of  passengers.  They  had  with  them 
Messrs.  Blemer  and  Cummings,  chief  track  men,  and 
William  Slater,  telegraphic  operator,  with  all  the  neces- 
sary implements  for  immediate  repair.  S.  A.  Hughes, 
Esq.,  as  Conductor,  and  Mr.  James  Gounley,  Engineer, 
were  in  charge  of  the  train. 

At  Pleasant  Valley  bonfires  lit  up  the  country  for  miles. 
A  large  concourse  of  citizens  assembled  around  the  depot. 
Two  American  flags,  draped  in  mourning,  were  held  in 
hand  by  two  ladies.  At  Unionville  about  two  hundred 
persons  present,  most  of  them  sitting  in  wagons — the 
people  having  come  in  from  the  country.  At  Milford, 
assembled  around  bonfires,  four  or  five  hundred  people 
waved  flags  and  handkerchiefs  slowly.  About  two  miles 
from  that  place  a  farmer  and  his  family  were  standing  in 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  255 

a  field  by  a  bonfire,  waving  a  flag.  At  Woodstock  about 
five  hundred  people  greeted  the  train.  The  ladies  pre- 
sented bouquets ;  one  by  Miss  Villard,  Miss  Lucy  Kim- 
ble  and  Miss  Mary  Cranston,  on  the  part  of  the  ladies  of 
Woodstock;  another  by  Miss  Ann  M.  Currier;  and 
another  by  Mrs.  G.  Martin  and  Miss  Delilah,  Beltz,  two 
sisters.  These  ladies  were  permitted  to  enter  the  Presi- 
dent's car  and  strew  flowers  on  the  coffin.  The  Wood- 
stock Cornet  Band,  U.  Cushman,  leader,  played  a  dirge 
and  hymn — "  Dreaming,  I  sleep,  love,"  and  Playl's  Hymn. 
The  village  bells  slowly  rang;  men  stood  silent  with  un- 
covered heads.  At  Cable  a  very  large  crowd  assembled 
around  large  bonfires.  A  soldier  stood  in  the  centre  of 
an  assemblage,  holding  a  flag.  All  men  stood  uncovered. 

Urbana  was  reached  at  ten  o'clock  forty  minutes.  No  t 
less  than  three  thousand  people  had  gathered  near  the 
depot.  On  the  platform  was  a  large  cross,  entwined  wit  h 
circling  wreaths  of  evergreens,  which  was  worked  under 
direction  of  Mrs.  Milo  G.  Williams,  President  Ladies' 
Soldiers'  Aid  Society.  From  the  top  of  the  cross,  and 
shorter  arms,  were  hung  illuminated  colored  transparen- 
cies. On  the  opposite  side  of  the  track  was  an  elevated 
platform,  on  which  were  forty  gentlemen  and  ladies,  who 
sang  with  patriotic  sweetness  the  hymn  entitled  "  Go  to 
Thy  Rest."  The  singers  represented  the  Methodist,  Bap- 
tist, Episcopalian  and  Presbyterian  Churches.  Large 
bonfires  made  night  light  tffe  day.  Minute  guns  were  fired. 
Ten  young  ladies  entered  the  car  and  strewed  flowers  on 
the  martyr's  bier.  One  of  the  ladies  was  so  affected  that 
she  cried  and  wept  in  great  anguish. 

At  St.  Paris  were  brilliant  illuminations,  by  which 
could  be  seen  a  number  of  drooped  flags,  a  large  assem- 
bly present,  who  stood  in  silence  as  they  looked  on  the 
moving  train.  A  bouquet  was  presented  and  placed  on 


L'56  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

the  coffin  by  Mrs.  Purron.  The  bouquet  was  a  most 
artistic  one,  made  by  Mrs.  Stouteymeyer.  At  Westville 
Station  crowds  were  gathered  to  pay  respect  to  the  dead. 
At  Conover  a  long  line  of  people  two  deep  stood  in  file ; 
on  the  right  little  boys  and  girls,  then  young  men  and 
women,  and  on  the  left  elderly  people.  In  the  centre, 
supporting  a  large  American  flag,  were  three  young 
ladies,  Miss  Eliza  Throckmorton,  Miss  Nora  Brecount, 
and  Miss  Barnes.  A  patriotic  religions  song,  with  a 
slow  and  mournful  air,  was  chanted  by  the  flag-bearers. 

At  twenty  minutes  past  twelve  o'clock  the  train  reached 
Piqua.  Not  less  than  ten  thousand  people  crowded  about 
it.  The  Troy  Band  and  the  Piqua  Band  played  appro- 
priate music,  after  which  a  delegation  from  the  Methodist 
Churches,  under  Eev.  Granville  (Colonel)  Moody,  sang  a 
hymn.  Eev.  M.  repeated  the  first  line,  when  it  was  then 
sung  by  the  entire  choir.  Think  of  such  actions  at  the 
midnight  hour,  when  humanity  is  supposed  to  lay  by  its 
cares,  and  take  its  rest  in  the  arms  of  repose.  At  Gettys- 
burg was  a  large  number  of  people  around  huge  bonfires. 
Drooping  flags  and  other  evidences  of  mourning  were 
displayed.  There  were  like  scenes  at  Eichmond  Junction 
and  Covington. 

At  Greenville,  Ohio,  thirty-six  young  ladies  dressed  in 
white,  slowly  waving  the  Star  Spangled  Banner,  greeted 
the  cortege.  Lafayette's  Eequiem  was  sung  with  thrill- 
ing effect  by  a  number  of  ladies  and  gentlemen.  About 
five  hundred  people  were  congregated  on  the  platform. 
Company  C,  28th  Ohio  Infantry,  was  drawn  up  in  line, 
with  fire  arms  reversed.  The  depot  was  tastefully  deco- 
rated. On  either  side  of  the  depot  were  two  bonfires  fif- 
teen feet  high,  which  shed  most  brilliant  light  all  around 
the  train  and  depot. 

At  New  Paris  great  bonfires  lit  up  the  skies.    A  crowd 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  257 

was  gathered  about,  who  stood  with  uncovered  heads. 
A  beautiful  arch  of  evergreens  was  formed  above  the 
track,  under  which  the  train  passed.  The  arch  was 
twenty  feet  high  and  thirty  feet  in  circumference.  At 
Wiley's,  New  Madison  and  Weaver's  Stations,  hundreds 
of  mourners  were  congregated. 

Gov.  Morton  and  suite,  who  had  come  from  Indianapo- 
lis on  a  special  train,  met  the  funeral  train  at  E-ichmond. 
The  official  personages  and  prominent  citizens  accom- 
panying the  Governor  were  Lieutenant-Governor  Conrad 
Baker,  Hon.  T.  B.  McCarty,  Auditor  of  State,  Hon.  John 
I.  Morrison,  Treasurer  of  State,  Hon.  D.  E.  Willianison, 
Attorney-General,  Hon.  Laz  Noble,  Clerk  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  Hon.  Thomas  A.  Hendricks,  Brig-General  Tom. 
Bennet,  Hon.  H.  S.  Lane,  Hon.  G.  S.  Orth,  Hon.  Thomas 
N.  Stillwell,  Hon.  David  Kilgore,  Hon.  D.  S.  Gooding, 
Hon.  D.  C.  Branham,  Hon.  J.  A.  Matson,  Hon.  Henry 
.  Secrist,  Gen.  Colgrove,  Hon.  J.  F.  Kibby,  Hon.  T.  J.  Cason, 
Hon.  J.  L.  Miller,  Hon.  M.  C.  Culver,  Col.  E.  K  Hudson, 
Col.  E.  W.  Thompson,  Col.  Oyler,  General  Dumont,  Hon. 
John  TJ.  Petit,  Hon.  Joseph  E.  McDonald,  General  John 
Love,  Hon.  Thomas  Whitesides,  Hon.  Jer.  Sullivan,  Col. 
Jas.  Burgess,  Col.  L.  L.  Shuler,  Hon.  H.  C.  Newcomb, 
Jos.  J.  Bingham,  Alfred  Harrison,  Wm.  Hannaman,  Hon. 
Jas.  N.  Tyner,  Captain  H.  B.  Hill,  Captain  Stansifer, 
Hon.  J.  Y.  Allison,  Colonel  C.  D.  Murray,  Colonel  Ira 
Grover,  Colonel  D.  G.  Eose,  Colonel  W.  H.  J.  Eobinson, 
Hon.  David  McDonald,  Hon.  J.  D.  Howland,  Judge 
C.  A.  Eay,  Judge  Blair,  Hon.  John  Hannah,  Ex-Gov- 
ernor Dunning,  Dr.  Hendrix,  Judge  Gregory,  J.  H.  McVey, 
E.  J.  Banta,  D.  E.  Snyder,  Chas.  F.  Hoagate,  E.  N.  Brown, 
Esq.,  E.  B.  Catherwood,  Esq.,  E.  W.  Halford,  Esq.,  Wil- 
liam Wallace,  Esq.,  E.  H.  Barry,  Esq.,  Hon.  A.  H.  Con- 
nor, J.  T.  Wright,  W.  A.  Bradshaw,  Esq.,  J.  J.  Wright,  Esq., 


258  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

E.  W.  Kimball,  Esq.,  General  Elliott,  Major  J.  H.  Lozier, 
Andrew  Wallace,  Esq.,  J.  C.  New,  Esq.,  W.  H.  English, 
Esq.,  Captain  Jas.  Wilson,  Mayor  Caven  and  the  Com- 
mon Council,  T.  C.  Phillips,  J.  P.  Luse,  Esq.,  J.  H.  Jordan, 
M.  C.  Garber,  W.  8.  Lingle,  Esq.,  R.  J.  Ryan,  C.  S.  But- 
terfield,  J.  K.  English,  W.  E.  Manlove. 

The  funeral  train  reached  Richmond  at  two  o'clock  on 
the  morning  of  Sunday,  April  30th.  All  the  bells  of  that 
city  rang  out  their  solemn  tones  to  awaken  the  citizens, 
and  warn  them  to  repair  to  the  depot.  Red,  white,  and 
blue  lamps  were  suspended  from  the  depot,  and  the  arch 
spanning  the  track  was  lighted  with  the  national  colors. 
At  least  5,000  persons  stood  in  the  solemn  gloom  of  the 
night,  reverently  with  uncovered  heads.  As  the  train, 
bearing  the  corpse  and  escort,  slowly  passed  under  the 
arch,  a  tableau  of  the  Genius  of  Liberty  weeping  over 
the  coffin  of  Lincoln,  was  formed,  guarded  on  either  side 
by  a  soldier  and  sailor,  while  a  band  played  a  mournful 
dirge,  adding  greatly  to  the  impressive  ceremonies. 

A  committee  of  ladies  brought  wreaths.  One  for  Abra- 
ham Lincoln,  bore  the  words  "  The  nation  mourns."  The 
other,  for  Willie,  had  the  following  written  upon  a  card  : 
"  Like  the  early  morning  flower  he  was  taken  from  our 
midst."  These  floral  gifts  were  deposited  upon  the  respect- 
ive coffins. 

Centre ville,  the  capital  of  Wayne  county,  did  its  whole 
duty,  so  far  as  decorations  and  a  crowd  of  sorrowful  spec- 
tators could  be  so  accounted.  The  depot  was  very  hand- 
somely festooned  with  emblems  of  mourning,  relieved  by 
wreaths  of  evergreens.  The  building  was  illuminated 
vith  two  large  chandeliers,  and  at  least  2,000  people  were 
formed  on  either  side  of  the  track,  through  which  the 
train  moved  very  slowly. 

As  the  train  reached  Cambridge  City  at  4:15  A.  M.,  it 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  259 

was  received  with  salvos  of  artillery.  The  darkness  was 
dispelled  by  the  burning  of  Bengal  lights. 

The  loyal  little  village  of  Dublin  had  dressed  its  depot 
in  mourning  and  evergreens,  with  portraits  'of  Lincoln, 
Grant,  Morton,  Sherman  and  Sheridan.  An  arch  span- 
ned the  railroad,  and  the  track  was  lined  with  all  the 
people  the  town  and  country  could  muster.  Darkness 
was  turned  into  day  by  large  bonfires,  around  which  the 
children  were  gathered  in  silence. 

The  depots  at  Lewisville,  Coffin's  Station,  Ogden's  and 
Eaysville,  were  all  appropriately  dressed.  At  Lewisville 
each  person  on  the  train  was  given  a  circular,  containing 
the  sentiments  of  the  people,  as  follows : 

"  We  mingle  our  tears  with  yours.  Lincoln — the  Savior  of  his 
Country — the  Emancipator  of  a  Race,  and  the  Friend  of  all  Man- 
kind— Triumps  over  Death,  and  mounts  Victoriously  upward  with 
his  old  familiar  tread." 

Knightstown  had  erected  funeral  arches  at  each  end  of 
the  depot,  and  festooned  the  building  with  the  badges  of 
sorrow.  A  choir  chanted  a  solemn  and  beautiful  hymn 
as  the  train  moved  leisurely  between  the  files  of  mourn- 
ing citizens.  Charlotteville  had  not  forgotten  that  the 
honored  dead  was  the  friend  of  the  oppressed,  and  chief 
among  the  procession  at  the  depot  was  a  large  body  of 
colored  people.  Through  the  stations  of  Greenfield  and 
Cumberland  the  funeral  train  passed  the  same  scenes  as 
at  other  stations. 

The  reporter  for  the  Indiana  State  Journal  wrote : 

"  Indiana  is  plunged  into  the  depth  of  grief.  Not  by 
the  magnificent  demonstrations  of  her  cities  and  towns 
is  this  shown,  but  all  along  the  line  the  farm-houses  were 
decorated,  and  their  inmates  had  gathered  in  clusters, 
and  by  a  light  of  bonfires  caught  a  glimpse  of  the  train 


260  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

that  was  bearing  from  their  sight  the  remains  of  a  man 
who  had  molded  their  opinions  to  the  fashion  of  his  own 
giant  mind,  and  who  in  the  first  glimmerings  of  the  twi- 
light of  Peace,  had  been  snatched  from  the  scene  of  his 
labors  and  his  triumph  to  the  reward  of  those  '  who  sink 
to  rest,  by  all  their  country's  wishes  blest.'  " 

THE  CAPITAL  OF  INDIANA. 

The  rain  which  fell  early  in  the  night  did  not  prevent 
the  outpouring  of  the  people.  After  twelve  o'clock  the 
skies  cleared  and  gave  place  to  starlight.  By  the  break 
of  day  the  crowd  began  to  gather  about  the  depot,  and  at 
six  o'clock  all  the  avenues  leading  to  it  were  closely 
packed  with  people.  At  seven  the  funeral  train  arrived. 
In  the  meantime  the  military  had  been  drawn  up  in  open 
order,  facing  inward,  forming  a  line  of  bayonets  extend- 
ing from  Illinois  and  Washington  streets  up  to  the  State 
House  doors.  The  general  arrangements  were  under  the 
direction  of  Major-Gen.  Alvin  P.  Hovey,  commanding  the 
District  of  Indiana.  The  corpse  was  taken  in  charge  by 
the  local  guard  of -honor,  under  command  of  Col.  Simon- 
son,  and  conducted  to  the  hearse,  the  city  band  playing 
a  sad  and  sorrowful  dirge,  called  "Lincoln's  Funeral 
March,"  composed  expressly  for  the  occasion  by  Charles 
Hess,  of  Cincinnati.  Through  the  open  ranks  of  soldiers 
standing  at  a  present  arms,  the  procession  then  took  up 
its  line  of  march  to  the  State  House.  The  rain  had 
again  began  to  fall,  yet  on  either  side,  amid  the  sound  of 
tolling  bells,  all  along  the  entire  line  of  march  the  eiti- 
zens  thronged  the  sidewalks,  balconies  and  house-tops. 
The  hearse  conveying  the  remains  was  fourteen  feet  long, 
five  feet  wide  and  fourteen  feet  high,  covered  with  black 
velvet.  It  was  curtained  with  black  and  trimmed  with 
silver  fringe.  The  roof  of  the  car  bore  twelve  white 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  261 

plumes,  with  black  trimmings.  On  the  top,  about 
the  center,  was  an  eagle,  silver  gilt.  The  sides  were 
studded  with  large  silver  stars.  The  car  was  drawn  by 
eight  horses,  with  black  velvet  covers,  and  each  bearing 
black  and  white  plumes. 

All  the  streets  bore  the  usual  badges  and  emblems  of 
mourning,  but  Washington-street  presented  superior  dis- 
play. At  all  the  intersecting  streets  were  triple  arches, 
adorned  in  part  with  evergreens  and  national  flags,  ar- 
ranged in  the  most  tasteful  and  beautiful  manner. 

The  enclosure  of  the  State  House  Square  was  hung 
with  wreaths  of  arbor  vitse.  At  each  corner  on  Washing- 
ton street  small  arches  trimmed  with  evergreen  had  been 
erected.  The  main  entrance  on  Washington  street  was 
a  structure  of  considerable  size,  combining  a  variety  of 
styles  of  architecture.  It  was  about  twenty- one  feet 
high,  forty  feet  long,  and  twenty -four  wide.  Underneath 
was  a  carriage-way  twelve  feet  wide,  with  a  six-foot  pas- 
sage way  on  either  side.  The  main  pillars  were  fifteen 
feet  high.  Portraits  of  Grant,  Sherman,  Farragut  and 
Morton  were  suspended  from  the  pillars,  while  on  the 
pedestals  at  the  top  rested  handsome  busts  of  Washing- 
ton, Webster,  Lincoln  and  Clay.  The  entire  structure 
was  beautifully  shrouded  in  black  and  white,  relieved  by 
evergreens,  with  a  display  of  flags.  At  the  north  side  a 
simple  gothic  arch,  decorated  with  the  usual  draping, 
had  been  erected.  The  pillars  of  the  south  front  of  the 
Capitol  were  spirally  covered  with  alternate  white  and 
black  cloth,  the  latter  edged  with  evergreens,  while  the 
coat  of  arms  of  the  State  was  placed  in  the  pediment. 
During  the  performance  of  a  funeral  dirge,  the  tolling  of 
bells  and  the  sound  of  cannon,  the  coffin  was  conveyed 
to  the  interior  of  the  State  House  in  the  presence  of  the 
military  and  civic  escort.  The  decorations  in  the  Hall, 


262  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

where  the  remains  lay  in  state,  reflected  much  credit  upon 
those  who  designed  and  arranged  them.  Along  the  walls 
hung  pictures  of  Washington,  Lincoln,  Johnson,  Seward, 
Sheridan,  Hovey,  Morton,  Douglas,  Sherman,  Grant, 
Colonel  Dick  O'Neill,  and  Edward  Everett.  Busts  of 
Washington,  Lincoln,  Jackson,  Webster,  Clay  and  Doug- 
las were  placed  at  intervals,  their  brows  bound  with 
laurel.  A  bust  of  Lincoln,  by  T.  D.  Jones,  of  Cincin- 
nati, stood  on  a  pedestal  at  the  head  of  the  coffin,  its 
brow  encircled  with  a  laurel  Wreath.  The  ITall  was  cur- 
tained with  black,  and  brilliantly  lighted  with  numerous 
chandeliers.  The  catafalque,  on  which  the  coffin  rested, 
was  covered  with  black  velvet,  and  trimmed  with  silver 
fringe.  The  crowning  glory  of  the  interior  decorations 
was  the  canopy  overhanging  and  surrounding  the  cata- 
falque. It  was  constructed  of  black  material,  in  pagoda 
shape,  with  white  cords  and  tassels,  the  ceiling  being 
studded  with  golden  stars.  The  coffin,  as  it  rested  upon 
the  dais,  was  surrounded  with  flowers,  and  when  the 
Veteran  Keserve  bearers  placed  it  there,  white  wreaths 
and  floral  crosses  were  laid  upon  it,  and  a  choir  sung 
a  funeral  hymn. 

The  following  named  officers  were  detailed  as  the  In- 
dianapolis Guard  of  Honor : 

First  Waterfront  1  A.  M.  to  9  A.  If.— Col.  J.  S.  Simon- 
son,  U.  S.  A.,  Major  C.  S.  Stevenson,  Paymaster,  Surgeon 
A.  D.  Gall,  TJ.  S.  Volunteers,  Captain  T.  Teneyck,  18th 
U.  S.  Infantry,  Captain  S.  A.  Craig,  17th  V.  E.  C.,  Cap- 
tain W.  H.  Thompson,  43d  Eegiment  Infantry,  Indiana 
Volunteers. 

Second  Watch,  from  9  JL.  M.  to  11  A.  M. — Brevet  Major 
General  Alvin  P.  Hovey,  U.  S.  Volunteers,  Colonel  Ben- 
jamin  Spooner,  Major  J.  W.  Walker,  A.  A.  G.,  Major 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  263 

Will  Cumback,  Paymaster,  Captain  Hugh  Middleton,  A. 
D.  C.,  Captain  James  Wilson,  A.  Q.  M. 

Third  Watch,  from  11  A.M.  to  I  P.  M.— Colonel  Chas. 

D.  Murray,  89th  Infantry  Indiana  Volunteers,  Lieutenant 
Colonel  J.  C.  Major,  43d  Regiment  Infantry,  .Indiana 
Volunteers,  Major  William  Bailey,  Paymaster,  Surgeon 
Charles  J.  Kipp,  U.  S.  V.,  Captain  F.  S.  Dunn,  12th  U. 
S.  Infantry,  Captain  J.  B.  Hager,  14th  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Fourth  Watch,  from  I  P.  M.  to  3  P.  If.— Colonel  A.  J. 
Warner,  17th  Regiment,  V.  R.  C.,  Major  V.  C.  Hanna, 
Paymaster,  Surgeon  J.  S.  Bobbs,  U.  S.  V.,  Captain  M. 
L.  Ogclen,  18th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Captain  E.  T.  Wallace, 
5th  V.  R.  C.,  Captain  William  Sweeney,  43d  Infantry, 
Indiana  Volunteers. 

Fifth  Watch,  from  3  P.  M.  to  5  P.  If.— Brigadier  Gen- 
eral T.  G.  Pitcher,  A.  P.  M.  General,  Major  Marshall 
Grover,  Paymaster,  Major  W.  H.  Norris,  43d  Regiment 
Infantry,  Indiana  Volunteers,  Captain  Fergus  Walker, 
A.  A.  I.  G.,  Captain  James  Whittemore,  Ordnance  Offi- 
cer, U.  S.  A.,  Captain  J.  P.  Pope,  A.  C.  S. 

Sixth  Watch,  from  5  P.  M.  to  7  P.  M.— Brevet  Brig- 
adier General  A.  A.  Stevens,  Col.  5th  Regiment  V.  R.  C., 
Major  M.  L.  Bundy,  Paymaster,  Surgeon  A.  H.  Fraser, 
22d  Regiment  V.  R.  C.,  Captain  J.  D  Taylor,  Judge  Ad- 
vocate, Captain  Eugene  Pickett,  22d  Regiment  V.  R.  C., 
Captain  T.  B.  Burrows,  18th  U.  S.  Infantry. 

Seventh  Watch,  from  7  P.  M.  to  9  P.  M. — Lieutenant 
Colonel  Allen  Rutherford,  22d  Regiment  V.  R.  C.,  Major 
O.  A.  Blake,  12th  Cavalry,  Indiana  Volunteers,  Major  C. 
M.  Terrell,  Paymaster,  Captain  James  H.  Rice,  5th  Regi- 
ment, V.  R.  C.,  Captain  M.  H.  Bailhache,  A.  A.  G.,  Cap- 
tain William  T.  Blanchard,  22d  Regiment  V.  R.  C. 

Eighth  Watch,  from  9  P.M.  to  11  P.  M.— Colonel  Wm. 

E.  McLean,  43d  Regiment  Infantry,  Indiana  Volunteers, 


264  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Brevet  Major  H.  K.  Thatcher,  14th  U.  S.  Infantry,  Cap- 
tain J.  D.  Russell,  5th  Eegiment  V.  E.  C.,  Captain  Win. 
W.  Jones,  22d  Eegiment  V.  E.  C.,  Captain  Christopher 
C.  Becker,  17th  Eegiment  Y.  E.  C.,  Captain  William  L. 
Telton,  43d  Infantry,  Indiana  Volunteers. 

Ninth  Watch,  from  11  P.  M.  until  departure. — Lieuten- 
ant Colonel  John  H.  Gardiner,  17th  Eegiment  V.  E.  C., 
Lieutenant  Colonel  Gapin,  154th  Infantry,  Indiana  Vol- 
unteers, Captain  Samuel  Place,  17th  Eegiment  V.  E.  C., 
Captain  Eobert  C.  Hicks,  5th  Eegiment  V.  E.  C.,  Captain 
Francis  M.  Welch,  43d  Eegiment  Infantry,  Indiana  Vol- 
unteers, Captain  John  O.  Neill,  22d  Eegiment  V.  E.  C. 

At  nine  o'clock  the  doors  of  the  State  House  were 
thrown  open,  and  the  people,  who  had  patiently  waited 
for  more  than  two  hours,  were  permitted  to  view  the 
corpse.  Far  down  the  west  side  of  Washington  street, 
reaching  in  fact  to  Illinois,  the  sidewalk  was  closely 
packed  with  people,  jealously  holding  their  places,  fre- 
quently through  great  personal  discomfort.  Old  men  and 
young  men,  women  with  children  in  their  arms,  black 
people  and  white,  indiscriminately  associated,  and  ani- 
mated by  the  same  motive — not  the  gratification  of  a 
morbid  curiosity,  but  an  earnest,  loving  desire  to  gaze  for 
the  last  time  on  the  features  of  a  great  and  good  man,  to 
whom  they  were  grateful,  doubly  endeared  by  the 
atrocious  act  which  destroyed  his  life.  The  touching 
solemnity  of  the  Guard  of  Honor,  ranged  in  solemn 
silence  about  the  coffin — the  sombre  insignia  of  woe  hung 
around  the  chamber  of  death — the  sorrowful  faces  of  the 
passing  multitude,  turned  to  catch  one  last  glimpse  of 
the  features  of  the  dead  President,  upon  all  who  witness- 
ed it,  ineffaceably  impressed  the  sadness  of  this  "  closing 
scene." 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  265 

|  Notwithstanding  the  forbidding  weather,  a  constant 

stream  of  people  passed  through  the  State  House 
from  nine  o'clock  in  the  morning  till  night.  It  was  esti- 
mated that  persons  were  passed  through  at  the  rate  of 
one  hundred  and  fifty  per  minute,  and  that  fully  one  hun- 
dred thousand  viewed  the  remains  in  the  course  of  the 
day.  The  Sabbath  School  scholars  of  the  different 
churches  of  the  Capital  constituted  a  most  interesting 
portion  of  the  mass  of  mourners.  The  colored  Masons, 
in  regalia,  and  colored  citizens  generally,  visited  the  re- 
mains in  a  body.  They  formed  a  very  respectable  pro- 
cession, at  the  head  of  which  was  carried  the  Emancipa- 
tion Proclamation,  and  at  intervals  banners  bearing  the 
following  inscriptions :  "  Colored  Men,  always  Loyal." 
"  Lincoln,  Martyr  of  Liberty."  "  He  Lives  in  our  Memo- 
ries." "  Slavery  is  Dead." 

Elaborate  preparations  had  been  made  for  a  civic  and 
military  procession,  but  the  rain  fell  so  heavily  that  Gen. 
Hovey  gave  orders  that  it  should  not  be  formed.  The 
Indiana  Journal  justly  said: 

"The  unpropitious  weather  prevented  the  funeral 
pageant,  but  an  offset  to  the  disappointment  of  the  peo- 
ple in  this,  was  the  increased  facility  given  to  view  the 
remains  as  they  lay  in  state  at  the  Capitol.  Every  Indi- 
anian  may  feel  that  the  honor  of  the  State  has  been 
rather  brightened  than  compromised  by  their  reception 
of  the  remains  of  President  Lincoln,  and  that  the  State 
where  he  passed  some  years  of  his  youth,  has  rendered 
her  full  quota  of  honor  to  him  as  the  Savior  of  his 
Country." 

The  ceremonies  on  the  part  of  the  State  closed  at  ten 
o'clock  with  a  procession  of  the  Marshals  around  the 
coffin,  after  which  the  Guard  of  Honor  and  the  Guard  of 
12* 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Sergeants  filed  in  and  took  charge  of  the  remains.  At  a 
few  minutes  past  ten,  while  the  band  played  the  solemn 
air  "  Old  Hundred,"  the  coffin  was  lifted  from  the  dais 
to  the  shoulders  of  the  Sergeants,  and  by  them  carried 
to  the  hearse,  whence,  through  a  line  of  armed  troops 
and  torch  bearers  extending  from  the  south  entrance  of 
the  Capitol  to  the  west  end  of  the  Union  depot,  the  pro- 
cession, headed  by  the  carriages  of  Generals  Hooker  and 
Hovey,  and  composed  of  the  civic  and  military  escort, 
attended  by  Senator  Lane  and  Eepresentatives  Orth, 
Still  well  and  Farquhar,  moved,  amid  the  tolling  of  bells 
and  thousands  of  uncovered  heads,  to  place  the  coffin  of 
Abraham  Lincoln  upon  the  train  prepared  by  the  Lafay- 
ette Eailroad  Company,  to  be  transported  to  Chicago. 

The  City  Councils  of  Louisville  and  Cincinnati,  and  a 
delegation  from  Covington,  together  with  Gov.  Bram- 
lette,  of  Kentucky,  and  staff,  were  the  guests  of  Indiana 
during  the  funeral  ceremonies  at  its  capital.  Adjutant- 
General  Terrill,  General  A.  Stone,  Colonel  W.  W.  Fry- 
barger  and  Colonel  W.  E.  Holloway,  of  the  Governor's 
staff,  and  C.  P.  Jacobs,  General  Mansfield,  General  Ben- 
nett and  John  M.  Morton  were  detailed  by  Gov.  Morton 
to  accompany  the  funeral  cortege  from  Indianapolis  to 
Springfield. 

INDIANAPOLIS  TO  CHICAGO. 

At  Indianapolis  the  funeral  party  was  increased  by  the 
addition  of  Senator  Lane,  Eepresentatives  Orth,  Stillwell 
and  Farquhar,  and  the  gentlemen  of  Governor  Morton's 
staff.  For  the  cortege  the  usual  railway  preparations  had 
been  made,  N.  N.  Eeid,  the  Superintendent  of  the  Michigan 
Central  Eailroad,  superintending  them.  The  first  places 
passed  by  the  Funeral  Train,  after  leaving  Indianapolis 
at  midnight,  were  small,  yet  the  people  had  assembled  by 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  267 

hundreds,  many  of  them  holding  torches.  Large  bonfires 
were  kept  up  at  way  points  notwithstanding  steady  rain. 
At  Lafayette,  at  three  o'clock  and  twenty-five  minutes 
on  the  morning  of  May  1st,  the  houses  on  each  side  of  the 
railroad  track  were  illuminated,  and  badges  of  mourning 
and  draped  flags  were  prominent.  Bonfires  blazed,  the 
bells  tolled,  and  the  funeral  strains  of  music  were  heard 
by  thousands  of  mournful  spectators.  At  Battle  Ground, 
Brookston  and  Chalmers  the  people  assembled  in  large 
numbers. 

At  eight  o'clock  and  twenty-five  minutes  the  train 
stopped  at  Michigan  City,  under  a  beautiful  structure 
12  feet  wide,  and  the  main  columns  14  feet  high.  From 
these  sprang  a  succession  of  arches  in  the  Gothic  style, 
35  feet  from  the  base  to  the  summit.  From  the  crowning 
central  point  was  a  staff  with  a  draped  national  flag  at 
half-mast.  The  arches  were  trimmed  with  white  and 
black,  and  ornamented  with  evergreens  and  choice  flow- 
ers. Numerous  miniature  flags  fringed  the  curved  edges, 
and  portraits  of  the  lamented  dead  were  encircled  with 
crape.  At  the  abutments  and  at  the  ends  of  the  main 
arch  were  the  mottoes :  "  The  purposes  of  the  Almighty  are 
perfect  and  must  prevail.11  "Abraham  Lincoln,  the  noblest 
martyr  to  freedom ;  sacred  thy  dust ;  hallowed  thy  resting- 
place."  On  each  side  of  the  arch  were  the  words  "  Abra- 
ham Lincoln,"  formed  with  sprigs  of  the  arbor  vitae,  with 
the  mottoes,  " Our  guiding-star  has  fallen;"  "The  nation 
mourns;"  and  "Though  dead  he  yet  speaketh."  Near  by 
this  combination  of  arches  stood  sixteen  young  ladies 
dressed  in  white  waists  and  black  skirts,  with  black 
sashes.  They  sang  "  Old  Hundred,"  concluding  with 
the  Doxology.  Many  persons  were  affected  to  tears. 
Large  military  and  civil  escorts  were  attentive  and 
mournful  listeners.  Thirty-six  young  ladies  occupied  a 


268  LINCOLN  MEMOEIAL. 

tastefully-decorated  platform,  in  white  dresses  with  black 
scarfs.  They  held  in  their  hands  little  flags.  In  their 
midst,  and  almost  hidden  in  the  folds  of  the  national  flag, 
was  a  lady  representing  the  Genius  of  America.  Mean- 
time, guns  were  fired,  and  the  subduing  strains  of  music 
filled  the  air.  Miss  Colfax,  a  niece  of  the  Hon.  Schuyler 
Colfax,  and  fifteen  other  ladies  entered  the  funeral  car 
and  laid  flowers  upon  the  cofim  of  the  dead.  At  Michi- 
gan City  the  funeral  party  was  joined  by  Schuyler  Colfax, 
Senator  L.  Trumbull,  and  a  committee  of  a  hundred  citi- 
zens of  Chicago. 

Near  Lake  Calumet,  where  the  Train  entered  the  State 
of  Illinois,  many  people  had  assembled,  and  squads  of 
soldiers  were  seen  on  the  hill-sides.  Minute-guns  at  11 
o'clock  announced  the  arrival  of  the  cortege  at  Chicago. 

•:}•$  p^a  I.;-5-rior5/ifi  Zwtxih  #  ii;iv,'  'ILda  c  s-ew  '.j 

CHICAGO. 

As  the  Funeral  Train  neared  Chicago  the  gloomy  pall 
of  clouds  rolled  away  and  the  sun  broke  through  the  rifts, 
enveloping  all  the  pageant  in  a  mellow  flood  of  light.  At 
every  street  and  by-way,  as  the  train  rolled  through  the 
suburbs  of  the  city,  the  crowd  of  expectant  people  in- 
creased, the  men  standing  with  heads  uncovered.  The 
brave  boys  of  the  Soldiers'  Home  of  Fairview,  some  forty 
maimed  heroes  of  the  war,  and  a  large  representation  from 
the  troops  on  duty  at  Camp  Douglas,  gave  the  soldiers' 
salute  and  stood  reverently  as,  with  slackened  speed,  the 
train  moved  cityward.  The  Soldiers'  Home  was  very 
beautifully  decorated. 

When  the  train  arrived  at  the  temporary  station  near 
Park  Row,  one  mile  north  of  the  depot,  guns  were  fired 
and  the  court-house  bell  tolled.  From  an  early  hour 
people  had  thronged  the  streets  in  the  vicinity  of  and 
leading  toward  the  station,  and  now  on  every  side  was  a 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  269 

perfect  sea  of  heads,  unbroken  save  by  the  thin  line  of 
blank  space  running  along  the  middle  of  the  streets, 
hedged  in  by  close  ranks  of  waiting  mourners.    Every 
window  was  filled  with  faces,  and  every  door-step  and 
piazza  filled  with  human  beings,  while  every  tree  along 
the  route  was  eagerly  climbed  by  adventurous  juveniles. 
The  roofs  of  the  houses  too  were  covered.    Every  place 
that  could  by  any  possibility  be  used  as  seeing  room  was 
appropriated.    The  whole  of  the  large  space  to  the  east 
of  Michigan  Avenue — Lake  Park — was  full  even  to  the 
water's  edge.    Near  the  station  stood  military  and  navy 
officers,  and  prominent  city  officials ;  beyond  them  were 
the  military  lines,  made  up  of  three  regiments — two  the 
Veteran  Eeserve  Corps  from  Camp  Douglas.    In  the  rear 
of  these  were  nearly  ten  thousand  children,  from  the 
public  and  private  schools,  and  behind  them  the  immo- 
bile spectators.    Farther  along  the  line,  deep  down  the 
avenue  as  the  eye  could  reach,  extended  the  throng,  the 
draped  regalia  of  the  different  societies  showing  conspicu- 
ously, and  setting  against  a  solid  background  of  marble 
palaces  all  fringed  in  mourning,  and  many  of  them  elabo- 
rately decorated.    Behind,  was  the  still,  clear  surface  of 
Lake  Michigan,  its  waters,  as  the  reporter  of  the  Chicago 
Tribune  said,  "  long  ruffled  by  storm,  suddenly  calmed 
from  their  angry  roar  into  solemn  silence,  as  if  they,  too, 
felt  that  silence  was  an  imperative  necessity  of  the  mourn- 
ful occasion." 

In  the  center  of  Park  Place,  facing  east  and  west,  a 
funeral  arch  had  been  erected.  It  was  composed  of  one 
center  and  two  side  arches  in  treple  Gothic  form.  The 
principal  arch  was  twenty -four  feet  wide  and  thirty  feet 
high  to  the  summit ;  the  side  arches  each  eight  feet  wide 
and  twenty  feet  high — the  whole  height  forty  feet.  Each 
face  was  adorned  with  flags  and  draped  with  crape,  the 


270  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

apex  occupied  by  an  eagle,  that  on  the  east  side  couching 
down  to  his  rest ;  the  one  on  the  west  side  had  her  wings 
extended  as  in  the  act  of  taking  flight.    With  this  ex- 
ception and  the  difference  in  inscriptions,  the  two  faces 
were  exactly  alike.    Each  arch  was  supported  by  a  clus- 
ter of  hexagonal  columns,  resting  on  a  single  base,  form- 
ing four  sets  of  columns  on  each  front.    The  intertices 
between  the  columns  were  fitted  up  as  Gothic  windows, 
draped  in  black  and  white.    From  each  columnar  group 
sprang  five  national  flags,  all  draped  in  mourning  and 
set  in  the  American  shield  ;  other  flags  surmounted  the 
arches,   and  the  drapery  fell  in  graceful  festoons  all 
around  the  arch,  winding  up  to  the  central  pinnacle. 
From  the  underside  of  the  arches  hung  heavy  drapery  of 
velvet.    On  each  central  pediment  was  placed  a  bust  of 
the  President,  above  which  the  drapery  took  the  form  of 
the  solar  ray.    Over  each  arch  was  an  appropriate  motto. 
Those  on  the  east  front  were — "An  Honest  Man's  the  Nob- 
lest Work  of  God"      "Our  Union:  Cemented  in  Patriot 
Blood  Shall  Stand  Forever."     "The  Poor  Man's  Champion 
— The  People  Mourn  Him." 

The  mottoes  on  the  west  face  were — •"  We  Honor  Him 
Dead  who  Honored  us  while  Living."  "  Best  in  Peace, 
Noble  Soul,  Patriot  Heart."  "Faithful  to  Eight:  A  Mar- 
tyr to  Justice." 

Beneath  the  center  arch  was  an  inclined  platform,  up 
which  the  body  was  carried  to  be  deposited  in  the  hearse. 
The  arch  was  designed  and  its  construction  supervised 
by  W.  W.  Boyington. 

The  heavy  rain  which  had  fallen  interfered  with  the 
proposed  elaborate  decoration  of  the  city,  but  in  spite  of 
all  embarrassment  on  that  account,  from  dwelling  and 
business  houses  were  displayed  many  symbols  expressive 
of  deep  mourning,  and  many  appropriate  mottoes  and 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  271 

tasteful  devices.  In  the  vast'  crowd  around  the  railway 
station  there  was  no  rush,  not  even  an  attempt  at  dis- 
order. Every  one  in  that  sad  crowd  kept  place.  The 
figures  were  immovable,  almost  as  if  placed  on  canvass. 
At  a  quarter  past  eleven  o'clock  the  coffin  was  lifted  from 
the  car  and  carried  to  the  dais  underneath  the  Funeral 
Arch  by  the  Sergeants  in  attendance,  the  pall  bearers 
forming  in  single  file  on  each  side  ;  the  Guard  of  Honor 
and  Washington  attendants  were  ranged  on  each  side  of 
the  passage  way,  and  all  uncovered  their  heads  in  rev- 
erence as  the  corpse  passed  by.  The  coffin  was  laid  on 
the  dais,  and  the  mourners  gathered  around  it,  the  Great 
Western  Light  Guard  Band  taking  up  position  in  front 
and  commencing  the  funeral  march — "The  Lincoln 
Eequiem  " — composed  by  Yaas  for  the  occasion.  After 
a  short  pause,  thirty-six  young  ladies,  High  School  pu- 
pils, dressed  in  white  and  banded  with  crape,  came  for- 
ward and  walked  around  the  bier,  each  depositing  an 
immortelle  on  the  coffin  as  she  passed.  The  hearse  was 
now  brought  up  to  the  bier,  and  the  procession  prepared 
to  move.  It  passed  out  of  Park  Kow  into  Michigan 
Y venue  in  the  following  order : 

Police  officers  single  rank,  in  uniform,  wearing  mourn- 
ing rosettes  on  the  left  breast  and  crape  bandage  on  the 
arm.  Band  of  music,  Great  Western  Light  Guard,  forty 
pieces,  reed  band,  playing  the  "  Lincoln  Kequiem."  Chief 
Marshal,  Col.  E.  M.  Hough,  and  Major  General  Joseph 
Hooker.  Assistant  Marshals — Col.  J.  L.  Hancock  and 
Superintendent  William  Turtle.  Major  General  Alfred 
Sully  and  staff ;  Brigadier  General  N.  B.  Buford  and 
staff ;  Brigadier  General  B.  J.  Sweet  and  staff ;  Military 
band;  Eighth  Veteran  Eeserve  Corps,  Lieut.-Colonel 
Skinner  commanding,  400  men,  arms  reversed,  and  in 
mourning ;  Military  band  ;  Fifteenth  Eegimeut  Veteran 


272  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Eeserve  Corps,  Lieut.-Colonel  Martin  Flood  commanding, 
400  men,  arms  reversed,  and  in  mourning ;  Sixth  Regi 
ment  United  States  Volunteers,  Colonel  C.  H.  Potter, 
commanding,  400  men,  arms  reversed,  and  in  mourning. 

PALL  BEARERS.  PALL-BEARERS. 

Hon.  Lyinan  Trambull,     Hon.  Thos.  Drummond. 


Hon.  John.  Wentworth, 
Hon.  F.  C.  Sherman, 
Hon.  E.  C.  Larned, 
Hon.  F.  A.  Hoffman, 
Hon.  J.  R.  Jones, 


Hon.  Wni.  Bross, 
Hon.  J.  B.  Rice. 
Hon.  S.  W.  Fuller. 
Hon  T.  B.  Bryan, 
Hon.  J.  Y.  Scammon. 


The  hearse  was  eighteen  feet  in  length,  with  an  extreme 
height  of  fifteen  feet  from  the  ground.    It  consisted  of  a 
raised  platform,  surmounted  by  a  canopy  supported  by 
four  pillars.    The  form  of  the  canopy,  or  roof,  represented 
the  intersection  of  two  arches  at  right  angles  to  each 
other.    Each  pillar  was  surmounted  by  a  massive  covered 
urn,  draped  with  white  and  black  crape,  and  festooned 
with  white  natural  camelias.    From  every  pillar  was  sus- 
pended a  silken  American  flag,  drooped  and  massively 
fastened  with  crape  festoons.    Each  of  the  arches  in  the 
canopy  was  covered  with  rich  black  silk  velvet,  studded 
with  thirteen  silver  stars,  emblematical  of  the  thirteen 
States  in  the  original  Federal  Union.    From  the  arches 
was  hung  broadcloth  drapery,  covered  with  black  crape 
and  trimmed  with  silver  fringe  thrown  back  to  the  corner 
pilasters  and  looped  with  heavy  crape  rosettes.    The  in- 
terior of  the  roof  was  of  deep  blue  silk,  studded  all  over 
with  silver  stars.    At  the  head  of  the  remains  inside  the 
car  was  a  beautiful  sunburst,  constructed  of  white  satin 
on  a  black  velvet  ground,  also  studded  with  silver  stars 
and  encircled  by  white  crape  ruche.     Surmounting  the 
car  on  the  exterior  of  the  canopy,  stood  an  American 
eagle,  draped  with  crape. 
The  coffin  rested  upon  a  dais  elevated  about  fourteen 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL  273 

inches  from  the  platform,  and  covered  with  Mack  velvet 
ornamented  with  plaited  white  satin  on  the  sides,  over- 
hung by  black  chenille  fringe.  On  each  side  of  the  dais 
was  inscribed  in  large  letters  the  name  "  Lincoln,"  com- 
posed of  white  satin,  each  letter  beautifully  studded  with 
silver  stars.  The  lower  part  of  the  dais  was  heavily 
draped  with  black  broadcloth,  which  fell  in  graceful 
folds  over  the  sides  of  the  hearse,  perfectly  concealing 
the  wheels.  From  the  position  of  the  coffin  it  could 
be  readily  seen  by  every  spectator. 

The  hearse  was  raised  upon  a  light  spring  four-wheeled 
vehicle,  to  which  additional  springs  had  bean  placed  to 
cause  the  remains  to  rest  gently  without  any  jarring. 
The  hearse  was  drawn  by  ten  black  horses,  ench  attended 
by  a  colored  groom  dressed  in  black,  with  crape  hat  band 
and  crape  badge  on  the  left  arm.  The  horses  were 
draped  in  mourning,  fastened  with  large  black  crape 
rosettes.  The  hearse  was  designed  and  constructed  by 
Coan  &  Ten  Broecke,  of  Chicago. 

Following  the  hearse  came  the  military  escort — the 
Veteran  Reserve  Guard — and  the  delegations  from 
Washington.  They  were  succeeded  by  the  Citizens' 
Committee  of  One  Hundred,  dressed  in  blask,  with  crape 
hat  bauds  and  rosettes;  the  incoming  and  retiring 
Mayors  of  Chicago,  with  members  of  both  old  and  new 
Councils — mourning  badges;  the  Wisconsin  delegation, 
consisting  of  Governor  Lewis,  General  Falrchild,  Secre- 
tary of  State,  Mr.  Hastings,  State  Treasurer,  Adjutant- 
General  Gaylord,  Hon.  E.  W.  Keyes,  Mayor  of  Madison, 
with  full  Board  of  Couucilmen — also  about  one  hundred 
citizens  of  Madison,  Wisconsin ;  Judges  of  the  Courts 
and  Members  of  the  Bar — two  hundred  gentlemen ;  the 
Eevereud  Clergy,  numbering  about  fifty,  each  with  a 
13 


-74    .  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

white  cross  on  crape  band  ;  Col.  Fred.  Hurlbut,  Marshal ; 
officers  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  in  service  or  honorably 
lischarged,  in  uniform,  about  fifty,  including  many  of 
rhe  Illinois  regimental  officers. 

The  cortege  slowly  marched  along  the  line,  the  band 
»laying  the  solemn  dirge,  and  the  throng  uncovering 
heir  heads  as  it  passed  by.  Having  gone  through  the 
•pen  column  of  the  military,  who  were  formed  in  line  on 
lie  avenue  from  Park  Eow  to  Hubbard  Court,  the  band 
etired,  and  the  regimental  bands  struck  up  the  funeral 
> train. 

The  regular  divisions  of  the  procession  then  fell  into 
ine,  as  the  cortege  moved  on,  in  the  prescribed  order. 
There  were  five  divisions,  and,  excepting  that  of  New 
York  city,  the  procession  was  the  grandest  and  most  im- 
pressive by  which  the  President's  remains  had  been  fol- 
lowed. In  a  careful  article  upon  this  grand  feature  of 
the  pageant  in  Chicago,  the  Tribune  of  that  city  said : 

"  The  procession  was  a  solemn  tribute  to  his  memory, 
and  evinced  the, devotion  with  which  all  classes  looked 
up  to  Mr.  Lincoln.  Its  composition  was  varied,  and  em- 
braced all  nationalities,  all  creeds,  and  all  sects.  Bronzed, 
war-worn  and  gray-bearded  heroes  of  the  army  and  navy; 
veteran]  soldiers,  incapacitated  for  active  service  by  hon- 
orable wounds ;  governors  of  States,  and  grave,  thought- 
ful-faced counsellors  of  the  nation;  metropolitan  officials 
irrespective  of  partisan  differences ;  the  children  of  the 
schools  by  thousands,  unconsciously  participating  in  a 
ceremony  which  in  after  years  will  be  their  most  precious 
recollection ;  venerable  judges  of  courts  and  the  reverend 
clergy,  all  creeds  merged  in  the  one  great  sorrow — Prot- 
estant and  Catholic  and  Hebrew — all  moving  side  by 
side ;  Knights  Templars  and  Masons,  the  mysterious  syrn- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  275 

bols  of  their  orders  draped  in  mourning ;  Hollandish  and 
Belgian,  English  and  Scotch,  Irish  and  Welsh,  French 
and  Norwegian,  Danish  and  Spanish,  Hebrew  and  Bohe- 
mian societies  almost  countless  in  numbers ;  the  Ar- 
beiter,  Grueth  Bildungs  and  Turuverein,  of  stalwart, 
phlematic  Germans,  pledged  to  liberty  and  humanity; 
associations,  unions  of  every  description ;  and  last  but 
not  least,  the  men  whom  he  has  lifted  from  bondage  and 
stamped  with  the  dignity  of  manhood,  the  race  which  by 
one  stroke  of  his  pen  he  delivered  from  the  task-master, 
and  made  forever  free.  For  four  long  hours,  they  march- 
ed by  with  steady,  measured  tramp." 

The  line  of  march  was  from  Park  Kow  to  Michigan 
avenue,  along  the  avenue  to  Lake-street,  down  Lake  to 
Clark,  on  Clark  to  the  east  gate  of  the  Court-house 
square,  and  inside  the  square  round  to  the  south  door  of 
the  Court-house,  in  which  the  coffin  was  deposited ;  the 
different  parts  of  the  procession  filed  through  the  Court- 
house, past  the  corpse,  and  left  by  the  north  door,  break- 
ing up  into  sections  as  they  reached  the  street,  and 
marching  off  to  the  places  where  they  had  gathered  in 
the  morning.  The  whole  of  the  line  of  march  was 
strongly  guarded  along  the  edge  of  the  sidewalks.  In- 
side these  were  formed  the  different  components  of  the 
procession  in  double  solid  column;  the  sidewalks  and 
open  spaces  being  reserved  for  spectators.  The  people 
had  room  to  pass,  and  owing  to  the  very  efficient  meas- 
ures taken  to  preserve  order,  there  was  no  inconvenience 
among  the  immense  crowds  of  people  who  thronged 
every  avenue  through  which  a  sight  of  the  mournful  cor- 
tege could  possibly  be  gained,  and  stretched  far  away 
back  into  the  streets  abutting  on  the  line  of  march. 

The  head  of  the  cortege  reached  the  Court-house  at 


27<J  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

12:45  p.  M.  The  military  portion  of  the  procession,  under 
command  of  Brig.-Gen.  Sweet,  was  formed  by  regiments 
in  the  Public  Square,  and  as  the  hearse  drew  near  the 
north  entrance,  they  received  it  with  a  "  present  arms," 
and  other  military  tokens  of  respect.  General  Hooker 
and  his  accompanying  officers  took  a  preliminary  survey 
of  the  interior  decorations  of  the  Hall,  and  then  returned 
to  the  north  entrance.  The  coffin  was  borne  into  the 
Court-house  upon  the  shoulders  of  soldiers,  and  attended 
by  the  pall-bearers  and  others  who  acted  as  chief  mourn- 
ers. While  the  coffin  was  being  placed  in  position,  a 
choir  of  many  voices  sang  a  dirge,  sad  and  mournful  as 
the  occasion  which  called  them  together. 

The  court-house  was  elaborately  decorated.  From  each 
window  hung  flags  of  black  and  white,  and  the  dome  was 
covered  with  mourning  emblems,  strips  of  white  and 
black,  and  rosettes  of  the  same  general  hue.  The  north 
door  was  heavily  draped  in  black,  and  surmounting  the 
whole  was  the  inscription,  in  black  upon  a  white  ground, 
"  The  beauty  of  Israel  is  slain  upon  her  high  places.'1  On 
the  south  door  was  this  inscription :  "  Illinois  clasps  to 
her  bosom  her  slain  and  glorified  son."  Upon  entering  the 
north  door  the  visitor  was  struck  with  the  air  of  intense 
gloom  which  pervaded  the  rotunda.  The  ceiling  was 
draped  with  white  and  black  cambric,  gathered  into  fes- 
toons about  the  chandeliers,  the  last,  except  the  globes, 
being  covered  with  crape.  The  walls  throughout  the  en- 
tire length,  were  covered  with  black  crape,  extending 
from  the  ceiling  to  the  floor,  closing  altogether  the  stair- 
ways to  the  court-rooms  above  and  the  offices  on  the  first 
floor.  Above,  on  either  side,  were  these  inscriptions : 
"  We  mourn.  Liberty's  Great  Martyr  has  sunk  to  rest  by 
his  country  blest."  Upon  the  inner  side  of  the  south 
entrance  was  this  inscription :  "  He  left,  us  sustained  by 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  277 

our  prayers ;  He  returns  embalmed  in  our  tears."  The 
catafalque  stood  in  the  center  of  the  rotunda,  directly 
under  the  dome,  with  the  head  fronting  the  north  en- 
trance. The  canopy  was  draped  with  rich  black  velvet, 
lined  with  white  satin,  and  fringed  and  ornamented  with 
stars  and  a  border  of  silver.  The  dais  was  trimmed  with 
the  same  materials,  and  liberally  bespangled  with  silver 
fringes,  stars  and  rosettes.  The  canopy  was  supported  by 
four  iron  columns  painted  white,  ornamented  with  trail- 
ing vines  painted  black,  the  whole  covered  with  crape. 
At  the  head  of  the  catafalque  was  an  eagle  executed  in 
white  marble,  holding  in  its  talon  a  miniature  flag,  and 
wearing  around  its  neck  a  strip  of  crape.  Directly  in 
front  of  the  catafalque  and  filling  the  space  between  the 
two  front  supporting  columns,  were  six  silk  flags,  cro  ;s 
ing  each  other  diagonally,  artistically  arrange:!,  produc- 
ing a  singularly  agreeable  effect.  The  roof  of  the  cata- 
falque, inside,  was  a  plain  flat  top  of  heavy  cloth,  in  which 
were  cut  thirty-six  stars.  Over  these  were  placed  a 
layer  of  white  gauze,  and  over  this  several  brilliant  le- 
flectors,  which  caused  the  light  to  shine  throu  ;Ii  the 
stars,  upon  the  body  below,  with  a  softened,  yellow  mel- 
low radiance.  The  effect  was  new  and  solemn.  At  each 
corner  stood  an  Etruscan  vase  filled  with  the  rarest  nat- 
ural flowers,  which  almost  overpowered  the  visitor  with 
their  pungent  perfume.  Along  the  sides  and  e;uls  of  the 
dais  were  bouquets  of  flowers  arranged  in  cruciform  and 
basket  shape.  One  of  the  most  noticeable  of  these  was 
a  Greek  cross  made  of  camelias.  Extending  around  the 
catafalque,  about  midway  between  the  dais  and  the  can- 
opy, and  looped  in  elegant  festoons,  was  a  wreath  of 
evergreens  and  camelias,  no  inconsiderable  part  of  the 
decorations.  The  designer  of  this  elegant  testimonial 
was  J.  M.  Van  Osdell,  Esq.,  of  Chicago. 


278  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

After  the  coffin  was  placed  upon  the  dais,  the  pall- 
bearers and  the  attendant  officers  retired,  and  then  the 
entire  procession  passed  through  the  rotunda  in  the  same 
order  in  which  they  marched  in  the  streets.  The  remains 
were  not  exposed.  The  people  could  only  hurry  past  the 
catafalque  and  glance  at  the  coffin  and  its  surroundings. 
At  five  o'clock  the  remains  were  exposed  to  view,  and  the 
announcement  made  that  the  public  would  be  admitted. 
Immediately  the  crowd,  which  was  anxiously  waiting 
outside  the  Public  Square,  began  to  file  into  the  inclosure. 
The  arrangements  for  exhibiting  the  body  were  excellent, 
and  the  visitors  passed  through  the  rotunda  without  con- 
fusion, taking  time  only  to  glance  at  the  revered  remains, 
at  the  rate  of  7,000  an  hour. 

At  intervals  during  the  evening,  dirges  were  sung,  both 
solos  and  concerted  pieces.  Among  others  the  following 
were  performed:  "Lord,  I  yield  my  spirit,"  and  the 
choral,  "  Happy  and  blest,"  from  the  oratorio  of  St.  Paul, 
"  He  that  endureth  to  the  end  shall  be  saved,"  and  "  Fare- 
well, father,  friend  and  guardian" — the  last,  words  by 
L.  M.  Dawn,  and  music  by  Geo.  F.  Eoot,  composed  ex- 
pressly for  this  occasion.  At  midnight  the  Germans, 
numbering  several  hundred,  chanted  a  beautiful  and  im- 
pressive dirge.  It  was  one  of  the  most  interesting  inci- 
dents of  this  long  to  be  remembered  day.  A  drizzling 
rain  began  to  fall  about  nine  o'clock,  and  yet  it  was  long 
after  midnight  before  there  was  much  diminution  in  the 
crowds  which  sought  to  get  a  last  look  of  the  dead  Presi- 
dent. They  surged  through  the  rotunda  as  enduring  and 
constant  as  a  river.  It  is  estimated  that  up  to  midnight 
at  least  40,000  persons  had  looked  upon  the  remains  of 
Abraham  Lincoln. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  ^   27: 

GTJABD   OF  HONOR. 

The  following  officers  were  appointed  by  Brig.-Gen. 
Sweet,  to  serve  as  the  Chicago  Guard  of  Honor  over  the 
coffin  : 

Lt.-Col.  Martin  Flood,  15th  Eegt,.  Y.  E.  C.,  command 
ing  guard ;  Capt.  E.  C.  Phetteplace,  8th  Eegt.,  Y.  E.  C. : 
Capt.  Samuel  C.  Gold,  15th  Eegt.,  V.  E.  C. ;  Capt.  Jerrs 
N.  Hill,  15th  Eegt.,  V.  E.  C. ;  Capt.  Edward  Miller,  15tli 
Eegt.,  Y.  E.  C. ;  Capt.  J.  L.  Hill,  24th  Ohio  Battery  ; 
1st  Lieut.  Nathan  Cole,  13th  Eegt.,  Y.  E.  C. ;  1st  Lieui . 
Frank  D.  Garrety,  15th  Eegt.,  Y.  E.  C. ;  1st  Lieut.  J.  W. 
Crawford,  8th  Eegt.,  Y.  E.  C. ;  2d  Lieut.  J.  S.  Taylo? , 
Adjutant,  15th  Eegt.,  Y.  E.  C. ;  2d  Lieut.  Samuel  Me: 
Donald,  15th  Eegt.,  Y.  E.  C. ;  2d  Lieut.  W.  L.  Wood,  8th 
Eegt.,  Y.  E.  C. ;  2d  Lieut.  W.  E.  McDaniel,  15th  Eegr. 
Y.  C.  C. ;  2d  Lieut.  S.  W.  Groesbeck,  15th  Eegt.,  Y.  E.  C. 

Fifty  Illinois  officers,  formerly  serving  in  the  army  ami 
navy,  through  Gen.  Julius  White,   offered  to  serve  a.> 
Guard  of  Honor ;  and  this  offer  was  accepted  by  Adjt. 
Gen.  Townsend.    They  were  appointed  as  follows : 

First  Relief. — Col.  Daniels. 
Second  Relief. — Col.  H.  Davis. 
Third  Relief. — Lieut.-Col.  Ducat. 
Fourth  Relief.— Capt.  E.  L.  Law,  U.  S.  N. 

Each  officer  in  command  of  the  relief  had  under  cor- 
trol  nine  officers  who,  for  the  time  being,  acted  as  tin- 
guard.  The  following  is  the  full  guard  : 

Col.  Hasbrook  Davis,  Col.  Edward  Daniels,  Major  Jnc. 
McCarty,  Lieut.-Col.  S.  McClevy,  Major  W.  B.  Scatn , 
Major  Chas.  Ehoon,  Brevet  Major  L.  Bridges,  Capt.  \\  . 
S.  Swane,  Capt.  Jas.  Duguire,  Capt.  F.  Busse,  Capt.  E<".- 


280  LINCOLN  MEMOBTAT,. 

•wartl  "Went,  Cnpt.  Z.  B.  Greenlcaf,  Capt.  Henry  Kenkle, 
Capt.  John  McAssen,  1st  Lieut.  K.  S.  Bouton,  Lieut.  C. 
George,  Capt.  Sain'l  A.  Love,  Lieut.  W.  P  Barclay,  Lieut. 
M.  Shields,  Lieut.  J.  S.  Mitchell,  Lieut.  G.  S.  Bigelow, 
Lieut.  Col/ A.  C.  Ducat,  Capt.  B.  L.  Law,  U.  S.  K;  Maj. 
L.  B.  Kiinball,  Chief  Ei)g.  U.  S.  N/;  Lieut-Col.  T.  W. 
Grosveuor,  Major  M.~Thieman,  Capt.  G.  W.  Hill,  Capt. 
H.  S.  Goodspeed,  Capt.  B.  K  Hayden,  Capt.  J.  N.  Leish, 
Capt.  B.  A.  Busse,  Capt.  Ph.  Adolph,  Capt.  J.  G.  Lang- 
gorth,  Capt.  C.  G.  Adoc,  Capt.  Win.  Cunningham,  Lieut. 
B.  J.  Bellamy,  Lieut.  B.  Sheridan,  Lieut.  Harry  Briggs, 
Lieut.  F.  A.  Munge,  Lieut.  J.  H.  Hill,  Lieut.  A.  Bussell, 
Lieut.  C.  H.  Gladding.! 

It  was  calculated  that  37,000  persons  joined  in  the 
procession,  and  this  was  not  one-third  of  the  number  who 
witnessed  it.  The  Chicago  Tribune  deemed  it  safe  to  say 
that,  including  strangers  and  citizens  who^came  npon'-the 
streets  bordering  the  route  of  the  procession,  there  were 
not  far  from  120,000  souls  who  participated  in  and  wit- 
nessed the  sad  ceremonies. 

In  pursuance  of  orders  issued  by  Brigadier- General 
Sweet,  400  members  of  the  loth  Veteran  Beserve  Corps, 
400  of  the  8th  Veteran  Beserve  Corps,  and  400  of  the  6th 
United  States  Infantry  participated  in  the  pageant,  and 
detachments  of  the  first  two  regiments  performed  guard 
duty  during  the  afternoon  and  night.  The  24th  Ohio 
Battery  was  also  in  the  city  from  Camp  Douglas.  One 
detachment  served  the  minute  guns  at  Purk  Place,  while 
the  remainder  acted  as  mounted  guards  on  the  various 
parts  of  the  line  of  march. 

In  the  procession  with  the  Chicago  Board  of  Trade  was 
Mr.  Dai  iel  Brooks,  of  Kew  Hampshire,  who,  when  a  boy 
of  sixtetn,  inarched  in  the  funeral  procession  of  George 
Washington. 


LINCOLN  MEMOBLAi.  281 

After  midnight,  persons  anticipating  the  crowd  of  the 
forthcoming  day,  left  their  homes  expecting  to  pass  im- 
mediately into  the  rotunda  where  the  corpse  lay,  but  were 
disappointed  ia  being  compelled  to  take  their  places  with 
others,  some  of  whom  had  waited  for  hours.  At  noon,  on 
the  second  of  May,  the  line  extended  from  the  Court  House 
to  the  corner  of  Washington  and  Lasalle  streets,  down 
the  former  street  three  blocks  to  State  street,  then  one 
block  south  to  Madison,  and  along  Madison  street  down 
to  Clark  street — within  a  trifle  of  a  mile  in  length. 

Writing  from  Chicago  on  the  morning  of  the  3d  of  May, 
the  reporter  of  the  New  York  Tribune  said : 

"  A  part  of  day  before  yesterday,  all  of  night  before 
last,  and  all  day  yesterday,  the  remains  of  the  President 
lay  in  state  amid  the  imposing  funeral  surroundings  in 
the  Court  House,  and  still  there  was  not  sufficient  time 
for  all  who  sought  the  privilege  to  look  upon  his  face. 
And  when  it  was  night,  and  the  coffin  was  closed,  and 
young  ladies  came  to  place  upon  it  fresh  flowers  wrought 
into  significant  and  touching  emblems,  and  the  last  dirge 
was  being  chanted  by  the  choir,  and  the  guard  of  honor 
and  the  funeral  escorts  surrounded  the  bier,  and  the  coffin 
was  borne  upon  the  shoulders  of  the  veteran  sergeants 
to  the  hearse  in  the  street,  between  lines  of  flaring  torches 
— even  then,  when  the  gates  of  the  public  square  had  been 
closed  an  hour,  a  long,  dense  column  still  waited  in  the 
vain  hope  of  being  admitted. 

"  Taken  all  in  all,  Chicago  made  a  deeper  impression 
upon  those  who  had  been  with  the  funeral  from  the  first 
than  any  one  of  the  ten  cities  passed  through  before  had 
done.  It  was  to  be  expected  that  such  would  be  the  case ; 
yet,  seeing  how  other  cities  had  honored  the  funeral,  there 
seemed  to  be  no  room  lor  more ;  and  the  Eastern  members 
of  the  cortege  could  not  repress  surprise  when  they  saw 


282  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

how  Chicago  and  the  North-west  came,  with  one  accord, 
with  tears  and  with  offerings,  to  help  bury  '  this  Duncan ' 
who  had  '  been  so  clear  in  his  great  office.'  The  last  of 
these  tributes  was  the  escort  of  torches  to  the  funeral  train, 
showing  the  cortege  as  it  passed  to  thousands  who  were 
themselves  wrapped  in  darkness." 

The  Court  House  was  closed  at  eight  o'clock,  and  the 
coffin,  with  its  honored  contents,  was  escorted  to  the  cars, 
which  waited  to  convey  it  and  its  attendants  to  Spring- 
field, in  the  following  order  : 

Band. 

R.  M.  Hough,  Chief  Marshal. 

Colonel  J.  L.  Hancock  and  Captain  Turtle,  Assistant  Marshals. 
Major  General  Hooker  and  staff. 


Pall  Bearers. 


Pall  Bearers. 


[The  members  of  the  Common  Council  acting  as  Pall  Bearers.] 
Captain  James  McCauley,  V.  R.  C.,  Lieutenants  Durkee,  Murphy  and 

Hoppy. 

Guard  of  Honor  (in  carriages,  as  before.) 

Captain  Perose,  Col.  Robinson,  Captain  Wyman,  Illinois  Delegation. 
Congressional  Delegation. 

The  cortege  was  flanked  by  torch-bearers,  who  marched 
parallel  with  it,  and  three  feet  from  the  sidewalk.  The 
route  of  the  procession  was  through  Washington  and 
Market  streets  to  Madison  street  bridge,  and  thence  to 
the  depot  of  the  St.  Louis  and  Alton  Eailway. 

The  torchlight  display  was  the  most  beautiful  ever 
witnessed  in  the  West,  and  when  it  reached  the  depot,  the 
glare  of  its  lights  fell  upon  hundreds  of  people  who  had 
taken  a  last  look  of  the  corpse  in  the  rotunda  of  the  Court 
House,  yet  who  were  unwilling  to  be  absent  when  it 
departed  from  the  city. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  283 

Reviewing  the  suggestions  and  lessons  of  the  solemn 
pageant  which  had  arrested  business,  hushed  all  the  noise 
and  quieted  all  the  rush  of  trade  and  commerce  in  the 
great  City  of  the  Lakes,  the  Chicago  Tribune  said  : 

"These  streets,  that  five  years  ago  this  very  month 
blossomed  with  flags  and  echoed  the  booming  of  cannon 
and  the  jubilations  of  assembled  thousands,  as  the  news 
was  announced  that  Abraham  Lincoln  had  been  nominated 
as  the  candidate  for  the  Presidency  of  the  United  States, 
are  now  clad  in  the  parti-colored  emblems  of  mourning, 
and  echo  only  the  solemn  tolling  of  bells  that  then  rang 
out  glad  peals,  and  the  booming  of  minute  guns  that  then 
gave  forth  the  people's  gladness.  He  went  from  among 
us  the  brave,  earnest,  hopeful,  honest,  Christian  man,  to 
save  the  country  from  the  ruin  which  portended — the 
cloud,  no  bigger  than  a  man's  hand,  that  overspread  the 
whole  heavens,  covered  the  whole  land  with  darkness  and 
deluged  it  with  the  pitiless  storm.  He  went  as  an  earnest, 
simple  man,  determined  only  to  interpose  the  shield  of 
justice  and  right  between  the  threatened  Kepublic  and  its 
enemies,  to  maintain  the  authority  of  the  laws  and  the 
Constitution  handed  down  by  the  fathers,  and  re-establish 
order  and  obedience.  He  comes  back  to  us,  his  work 
finished,  the  Eepublic  vindicated,  its  enemies  overthrown 
and  suing  for  peace ;  but  alas !  he  returns  with  the  crown 
of  martyrdom,  the  victim  of  the  dastard  assassin.  He 
left  us  asking  that  the  prayers  of  the  people  might  be 
offered  to  Almighty  God  for  wisdom  and  help  to  see  the 
right  path  and  pursue  it.  Those  prayers  were  answered. 
He  accomplished  his  work,  and  now  the  prayers  of  the 
people  ascend  for  help  to  bear  the  great  affliction  which 
has  fallen  upon  them.  Slain  as  no  other  man  has  been 
slain,  died  as  no  other  man  has  died,  cut  down  while  in- 


284  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

terposing  the  hand  of  his  great  charity  and  merey  between 
the  wrath  of  the  people  and  guilty  traitors,  the  people  of 
Chicago  tenderly  receive  the  sacred  ashes  with  bowed 
heads  and  streaming  eyes." 

"  In  Chicago  he  first  laid  deep  and  broad  the  founda- 
tion of  his  legal  attainments.  In  the  courts  of  Chicago 
he  gained  that  distinction  which  made  him  peer  among 
the  ablest  counsellors  of  the  land.  In  that  remarkable 
debate  with  the  lamented  Douglas,  Chicago,  more  than 
any  other  city,  aided  to  give  his  immortal  utterances  a 
wide-spread  circulation  throughout  the  land,  and  thus 
brought  prominently  before  the  country  this  hard  work- 
ing toiler,  this  acute  thinker  and  logical  reasoner,  this 
unflinching  and  unyielding  patriot.  Chicago  first  sum- 
moned from  his  comparative  obscurity,  in  a  political  sense 
at  least,  this  man  of  men,  and  demanded  that  the  coun- 
try should  recognize  in  him  one  fit  to  stand  in  high 
places — a  safe  counsellor  in  danger,  a  wise  and  prudent 
ruler  in  crises.  And  when,  as  the  clouds  were  gathering 
thickly,  and  the  mutterings  of  the  approaching  tempest 
\sere  heard  on  the  southern  horizon,  the  servants  of  the 
people  gathered  together  in  this  city  to  select  the  pilot 
who  should  stand  at  the  helm,  Chicago  firmly  demanded 
that  that  pilot  should  be  Abraham  Lincoln.  *  *  *  * 

"  His  calm,  sad  face  was  ever  turned  westward,  and 
already  he  had  determined  that,  when  he  had  fulfilled 
his  glorious  mission,  full  of  honors,  his  course  as  rounded 
and  complete  as  the  orbit  of  a  planet,  pater  reipubliccc, 
then  laying  aside  the  reins  of  government  and  sheathing 
the  sword  of  justice,  he  would  come  to  Chicago  to  spend 
the  remainder  of  his  days  in  the  enjoyment  of  that  ease 
he  had  so  deservedly  won,  and  go  down  to  the  grave  in 
the  quiet  of  home,  peacefully  and  serenely.  By  the  mys- 


LINCOLN  MEMOBIAL.  285 

terions  and  inscrutable  providences  of  Almighty  God, 
that  near  desire  of  his  heart  was  denied  him.  *  *  *  * 
"  For  all  these  reasons  it  was  peculiarly  appropriate 
that  Chicago  should  do  honor  to  his  remains  in  a  manner 
commensurate  with  his  great  abilities  and  his  resplendent 
traits  of  personal  character.  That  duty  has  been  ac- 
complished nobly  and  appropriately." 

CHICAGO  TO   SPRINGFIELD. 

The  bells  were  tolled,  a  choir  sang  a  dirge,  and  several 
bands  of  music  performed  solemn  airs,  as  the  funeral 
cortege  left  Chicago.  Mr.  Blackstone,  the  President,  and 
Eobert  Hall,  the  Superintent  of  the  Eailroad  Company, 
gave  personal  attention  to  the  running  of  the  train. 
Large  accessions  were  made  to  the  funeral  party.  Among 
them  were  the  Springfield  delegation  appointed  to  escort 
the  President's  remains  to  the  city  from  which  he  was 
called  as  Chief  Magistrate.  It  was  composed  of  the  fol- 
lowing named  gentlemen :  Governor  Oglesby  and  staff; 
George  H.  Harlow,  Private  Secretary  to  the  Governor ; 
W.  J.  Conkling,  A.  L.  Babcock,  A.  Johnson,  W.  D. 
Crowell,  James  C.  Conkling,  D.  L.  Gold,  G.  M.  Brinker- 
hoff,  N.  W.  Miner,  A.  Hale,  A.  A.  Brackett,  F.  W.  Tracy, 
H.  G.  Fitzhugh,  T.  A.  Eaysdale,  G.  H.  Souther,  E.  L. 
Gross,  E.  B.  Hawley,  T.  S.  Whitehurst,  A.  B.  McKenzie, 
Cyrus  Vandever,  S.  M.  Parsons,  E.  P.  Johnston,  Charles 
Dunn,  J.  E.  Eoll,  S.  D.  B.  Salter,  B.  Wright,  Colonel 
William  A.  Smidt,  E.  L.  Conkling,  C.  S.  Zane,  S.  G.  Kes- 
bit,  J.  J.  Lord,  F.  K.  Whitmore,  W.  W.  Watson,  A.  T. 
Barnes,  P.  C.  Kennedy,  John  Armstrong,  Joel  Johnston, 
G.  Keyes,  J.  M.  Burkhardt,  S.  Holiday,  Hon.  James  H. 
Beveridge,  J.  P.  McCoy  and  Ed.  S.  Multimer. 

Governor  Bramlette  and  staff  and  a  number  of  promi- 
nent citizeng  of  Kentucky  were  also  upon  the  train,  em- 


286  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

bracing  D.  W.  Lindsay,  Adjutant  General ;  S.  E.  Sud- 
darth,  Quartermaster  General ;  W.  T.  Scott,  Paymaster 
General ;  William  H.  Granger,  Aid-de-Camp ;  A.  G. 
Hodges,  Aid-de-Camp ;  Eev.  D.  P.  Henderson,  Chaplain ; 
W.  T.  Samuels,  Auditor ;  James  E.  Page,  Assistant  Sec- 
retary ;  J.  E.  Duncan,  Aid-de-Camp  ;  Hon.  Win.  Kaye ; 
D.  E.  Haggard,  M.D.;  W.  B.  Belknap,  Esq.;  A.  B.  Sem- 
ple,  Esq.;  Arthur  Peter,  Esq.;  B.  F.  Avery,  Esq.;  J.  D. 
Orral,  Esq.;  E.  C,  Gwathmey,  W.  H.  Goddard,  T.  C. 
Coleman,  E.  L.  Post,  A.  J.  Ballard,  E.  Slaughter,  M. 
Eedding,  J.  C.  Nauts,  W.  B.  Gurley,  C.  C.  Hull,  L.  B. 
Todd,  B.  M.  Patten,  W.  H.  Kinney,  E.  N.  Woodruff,  W. 
D.  Smith,  J.  H.  Spear,  Eev.  C.  Yansantvoord,  Chaplain 
U.  S.  A,;  Eev.  T.  Farver,  do.  do.;  Major  General  J.  M. 
Palmer,  Commanding  Department  of  Kentucky ;  Staff, 
Major  L.  Hammond,  A.  L  G.;  Captain  E.  B.  Harlan,  A. 
A.  G.;  Captain  H.  Howland,  C.  Q.  M.;  Captain  J.  F. 
Herbert,  Chief  of  Artillery ;  I.  M  .Wood,  Orderly.  There 
were  also  on  the  train  a  considerable  number  of  the  lead- 
ing citizens  of  Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Minnesota. 

At  Bridgeport  the  people  lighted  bonfires,  and  with 
torches  illuminated  the  track  as  the  train  slowly  moved 
along.  Passing  Summit,  Joyes  and  Lennox,  crowds  of 
spectators  were  seen.  At  Lockport,  at  11:33,  minute 
guns  were  fired.  Many  persons  stood  near  the  track 
holding  torches,  and  in  the  background  was  an  immense 
bonfire.  Many  of  the  houses  were  draped  in  mourning, 
and  some  were  illuminated.  One  of  the  mottoes  was : 
"Come  Home."  The  train  passed  all  the  stations  slow- 
ly, the  bells  of  the  locomotives  being  tolled.  At  Joliet, 
near  midnight,  minute  guns  were  fired  and  the  bells 
tolled,  and  a  brass  band  played  a  funeral  air.  Many 
ladies  and  gentlemen,  arranged  on  a  heavily  draped  plat- 
form, sang  a  hymn.  It  is  said  that  12,000  persons  were 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  287 

assembled.  The  depot  bore  an  illuminated  portrait  of 
the  late  President,  with  the  motto :  "  Champion,  De- 
fender, and  Martyr  of  liberty."  Bonfires  lighted  np  this 
interesting  scene,  and  draped  national  flags  were  waved. 
It  was  raining,  but  this  did  not  prevent  even  women  and 
children  from  a  participation  in  these  outward  marks  of 
respect.  The  train  moved  beneath  an  arch  which  spanned 
the  track.  It  was  constructed  of  immense  timbers,  deck- 
ed with  flags,  mottoes,  and  a  profusion  of  evergreens,  and 
surmounted  by  a  figure  of  the  Genius  of  America. 
"  There  is  rest  for  thee  in  Heaven,"  was  sung  by  male 
and  female  voices  as  the  funeral  car  passed.  At  Elwood 
and  Hampton  the  people  had  kindled  immense  bonfires. 
At  Wilmington,  at  10  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  May  3d, 
at  least  a  hundred  people  were  drawn  up  in  line  on  each 
side  of  the  track,  with  torches.  Minute  guns  were  fired. 
Over  two  thousand  persons  surrounded  the  station,  the 
men  standing  with  their  heads  uncovered.  At  Gardner, 
all  the  houses  were  draped  with  mourning  and  illumin- 
ated. At  Dwight,  bells  were  tolled  and  minute  guns 
fired.  The  American  flag  was  draped.  At  Odell,  Cayuga 
and  Pontiac  large  crowds  assembled,  with  the  usual 
demonstrations,  including  minute  guns ;  also  at  Lexing- 
ton. 

At  Tonawanda,  at  half-past  four  o'clock,  there  was  a 
large  assemblage  of  people.  At  Bloomington  a  large 
arch  bore  the  inscription,  "  Go  to  thy  rest."  At  other 
stations  minute  guns,  the  tolling  of  bells,  singing  by  a 
choir  of  ladies,  contributed  with  mournful  effect  to  the 
sadness  of  the  occasion  which  called  out  the  inhabitants. 
At  daylight  the  sky  was  clear,  and  the  farm  houses 
along  the  line  exhibited  badges  and  drapery  of  sorrow. 
Portraits  of  Abraham  Lincoln  were  prominent  in  every 
direct  ion.  Thousands  of  people  were  assembled  at  Atlanta. 


288  LUfCOL]*  MEMOEIAL. 


Minute  guns  were  fired,  and  there  was  music  of  the  fife 
and  muffled  drum.  Among  the  mottoes  was,  "  Mourn* 
fully  and  tenderly  bear  him  to  his  grave." 

At  Lincoln,  reached  at  seven  o'clock,  named  after  Abra- 
ham Lincoln,  and  containing  between  two  and  three  thou- 
sand inhabitants,  the  depot  was  handsomely  draped. 
Ladies,  dressed  in  white  and  black,  sang  as  the  train 
passed  under  a  handsomely  constructed  arch,  on  each 
side  of  which  was  a  picture  of  the  deceased  President, 
with  the  motto,  "  With  malice  to  none,  with  charity  for 
all"  The  National  and  State  flags  were  prominently 
displayed,  and  a  profusion  of  evergreens,  with  black  and 
white  drapings,  made  up  the  artistic  and  appropriate 
arrangements. 

At  Broadwell  and  Elkhart,  men  stood  with  uncovered 
heads,  and  ladies  waved  little  flags,  which  were  hand- 
somely draped.  Eighteen  miles  from  Springfield  the 
cortege  passed^under  an  arch,  with  both  large  and  small 
flags,  mourning  drapery  and  evergreens.  Of  the  latter 
was  formed  a  cross  intertwined  with  black,  bearing  the 
motto:  "  Ours  the  Cross:  thine  the  Crown."  At  Wil- 
liamsville  all  the  houses  were  draped,  and  there  were 
many  flags  and  portraits.  There  was  another  arch,  with 
the  inscription:  "He  has  Fulfilled  his  Mission."  At 
Sherman  Station,  eight  miles  from  Springfield,  many 
people  assembled  on  the  road,  some  on  horseback  and 
some  in  carriages,  but  the  larger  part  on  foot.  The  num- 
ber increased  as  the  train  proceeded,  until  at  nine  o'clock 
—  an  hour  beyond  the  schedule  time  —  it  reached  Spring- 
field. 

SPRINGFIELD. 

The  correspondent  of  the  New  York  Tribune  wrote  as 
follows  of  the  suggestions  and  scenes  of  Abraham  Lin- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  280 

coin's  return  to  Springfield,  from  the  service  of  his  country 
and  from  martyrdom  in  that  service : 

"He  said,  in  the  few  words  of  impressive  farewell 
addressed  to  his  friends  on  the  llth  day  of  February, 
1861,  after  he  had  stepped  upon  the  platform  of  the  car 
which  was  to  bear  him  away,  '  I  must  now  leave  you — 
for  how  long  I  know  not.'  Alas !  those  friends  now  know 
just  how  long.  He  said,  too,  '  I  go  to  assume  a  task  more 
difficult  than  that  which  devolved  upon  Washington.' 
And  now  the  whole  world  whose  central  figure  he  has 
been  from  that  day  to  this,  must  concede  that  he  has 
acquitted  himself  of  that  task  like  another  Washington. 
In  the  mellow  air  and  bright  sunlight  of  this  May  morn- 
ing, sweetened  by  the  rain  of  last  night,  when  those 
prairies  are  clothed  in  flowers,  and  the  thickets  of  wild 
fruit  trees,  and  blossoming  orchards  are  jubilant  with 
birds,  he  comes  back.  His  friends  and  neighbors  are 
here  to  receive  him,  not  with  banners  and  triumphal 
music ;  not  with  congratulations  and  grasping  of  hands, 
as  they  had  hoped  to  do ;  not  so,  but  in  mourning ;  and 
his  oldest  and  dearest  friends  come  to  meet  him,  to  be  the 
pall-bearers  at  his  funeral.  The  contrast  between  that 
other  day  and  to-day,  the  contrast  between  what  but  for 
the  assassin  the  day  of  his  return  should  have  been,  and 
what  that  day  actually  is ;  these  contrasts  force  themselves 
upon  the  mind,  and  will  not  be  banished  from  our  thoughts. 
The  train  that  brought  him  to  his  long  home  moved 
slowly  into  the  town,  moved  slowly  through  masses  of 
'  plain  people'  who  had  come  from  all  the  country  round 
about.  These  people  had  known  him  always,  as  the  boy 
struggling  for  knowledge  while  he  battled  with  poverty ; 
as  the  young  man  who  surveyed  their  lands,  and  read  all 
night  when  perchance  he  stayed  at  their  humble  houses ; 
as  the  rising  young  lawyer  who  plead  the  causes  of  the 
13* 


290  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

poor  for  only  '  sweet  pity's  sake ;'  who  upheld  the  weak 
against  the  strong  for  only  justice's  sake,  and  because 
oppression  was  hateful  to  him ;  as  the  politician,  whose 
continual  plea  was,  *  Let  us  see  if  this  thing  be  right — if 
it  be  right  let  us  have  it,  but  if  it  be  wrong  let  us  put  it 
away  from  us;'  as  the  State  legislator,  who  with  one 
other,  against  an  intolerant  majority  dared  to  file  upon 
the  records  his  protest  against  Slavery ;  as  the  Presidential 
Elector,  who  each  four  years  spoke  his  convictions  in 
every  town  in  the  State,  though  in  a  hopeless  minority, 
for  conscience  sake,  and  yet  never  lost  his  temper  or 
called  bad  names;  as  the  candidate  for  Senator,  who 
deliberately  said,  '  I  will  not  be  double-faced,  I  will  utter 
the  same  opinions  at  both  ends  of  the  State,  I  will  not  be 
made  Senator  by  a  fraud ;'  and  by  and  by  he  was  made 
President  and  went  from  among  them — and  they  watched 
him  from  afar,  were  proud  that  one  of  themselves  had 
become  in  virtue  and  in  station,  *  the  foremost  man  in  all 
this  world.'  And  then  they  saw  him  accomplish  his  great 
task;  and  now  they  were  seized  by  a  mighty  longing  to 
see  him  once  more,  and  they  made  him  promise  that  he 
would  come  in  June ;  and  then  they  heard  of  his  most 
horrible  murder,  and  behold,  he  comes  in  May,  but  he 
comes  a  dead  man.  Say,  have  not  these  people  a  right 
to  mourn  and  to  refuse  to  be  comforted  1  Was  he  not 
peculiarly  their  own,  and  when  you  and  all  of  us  sorrow 
shall  these  not  lament  1 

"The  train  stops.  The  pall-bearers,  those  old  men, 
friends  of  his,  lang  syne,  approach.  The  stillness  among 
all  the  people  is  painful ;  but  when  the  coffin  is  taken 
from  the  car,  that  stillness  is  broken,  broken  by  sobs, 
and  these  are  more  painful  than  the  stillness.  The  coffin 
is  borne  to  the  hearse ;  the  hearse  moves  slowly,  almost 
tenderly,  away,  followed  by  the  mourners,  and  the  pall- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

bearers  walk  by  the  side.  The  cortege,  more  solemn  than 
any  that  had  gone  before,  reaches  the  State  House,  where 
he  was  wont  to  speak  face  to  face  with  his  neighbors — 
where  at  this  hour  those  neighbors  press  to  behold  his 
face  locked  in  death.  All  night  they  will  pass  by  with 
eyes  searching  through  tears  for  resemblances  and  recog- 
nition of  the  features  they  knew  so  well.  Many  will  not 
know  the  poor,  chilled,  shrunken  features  for  his,  for  the 
beautiful  soul  that  transfigured  them  into  all  loveliness 
no  longer  illumines  this  bit  of  clay— raye,  but  it  shines  at 
the  Eight  Hand ! 

*  *  *  * 

"  Springfield  had  been  the  home  of  Abraham  Lincoln 
twenty-five  years.  With  his  companionable  nature  and 
open  heart  it  followed  that  he  was  the  personal  acquaint- 
ance and  friend  of  all  the  men,  women  and  children  in  the 
city,  and  in  all  the  region  round  about.  Besides,  Spring- 
field was  the  political  center  of  the  State,  and  during 
twenty  years  Abraham  Lincoln  was  the  acknowledged 
State  leader  of  a  political  party.  That  party,  or  the  one 
that  sprang  from  it.  was  finally  successful,  and  rewarded 
him  not  merely  with  State  honors,  but  with  the  headship 
of  the  nation.  Such  men  as  E.  D.  Baker,  Lyman  Trum- 
bull,  Eichard  Yates,  S.  T.  Logan,  David  Davies,  Owen 
Lovejoy,  E.  B.  Washburne,  Wm.  H.  Bissell,  E.  J.  Oglesby, 
J.  N.  Arnold  and  John  Wentworth — all  these  conceded 
his  right  to  leadership,  and  cheerfully  rallied  beneath  his 
standard.  And  yet  more  than  the  political  leader,  he 
was  the  popular  townsman  and  good  neighbor  at  his 
home  in  Springfield.  Springfield,  then,  is  his  proper 
burial  place." 

The  following  had  been  announced  as  the  Military 
Programme : 


292  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Special  Orders, )  HEADQUARTERS,  DISTRICT  OP  ILLINOIS, 

No.  86.         5  SPRINGFIELD,  ILL.,  April  28, 1865. 

The  following  programme  for  the  funeral  ceremonies  of  the  late 
President  of  the  United  States  is  published  for  the  information  of  all 
concerned : 

1.  On  the  first  and  third  days  of  May,  thirteen  guns  will  be  fired 
at  dawn,  and  afterwards  at  intervals  of  thirty  minutes,  between  the 
rising  and  setting  sun,  a  single  gun,  and  at  the  close  of  the  day  a 
national  salute  of  thirty-six  guns. 

2.  On  the  fourth  of  May,  twenty-one  gtins  at  dawn,  and  afterwards 
single  guns  at  intervals  of  ten  minutes  until  the  procession  moves; 
firing  will  then  cease  until  the  close  of  the  day,  when  a  national 
salute  of  thirty-six  guns  will  be  fired. 

3.  Company  E,  23d  Regiment  V.  R.  C.,  is  designated  as  guard  to 
the  remains  of  the  late  President,  while  lying  in  state  in  the  Hall  of 
the  House  of  Representatives. 

4.  The  following  troops  will  be  drawn  up  in  line,  in  full  dress 
uniform,  at  the  railroad  depot,  at  least  one  hour  prior  to  the  time 
fixed  for  the  arrival  of  the  remains:   146th  Illinois  Volunteers; 
Company  E,  23d  Regiment  Veteran  Reserve  Corps. 

5.  After  the  arrival  of  the  remains  at  the  depot,  all  of  the  146th 
Illinois  Volunteers  in  this  city  will  be  detailed  for  guard  duty,  and 
will  be  posted  at  such  points  as  may  be  necessary. 

6.  At  the  earliest  possible  moment  on  the  morning  of  the  4th 
proximo,  the  12th  Michigan  Volunteers,  and  the  battalion  of  the  14th 
Iowa  Volunteers,  at  Camp  Butler,  will  repair,  under  command  of 
their  respective  officers,  to  this  city,  for  duty  as  escort.    After  the 
conclusion  of  the  funeral  rites,  they  will  return  without  delay  to  their 
station.    Quartermaster's  Department  will  furnish  transportation. 

7.  The  escort  will  consist  of  the  following  troops,  and  will  be 
commanded  by  Col.  C.  M.  Prevost,  16th  V.  R.  C.:   24th  Michigan 
Volunteers;  146th  Illinois  Volunteers;  Company  E,  23d  Regiment 
V.  R.  C. ;  Company  C,  42d  Wisconsin  Volunteers. 

By  command  of  Brig.  Gen.  John  Cook. 

B.  F.  SMITH,  Asst.  Adjt.  Gen. 

The  Funeral  Train  was  announced  by  the  firing  of 
cannon  at  nine  o'clock.  It  passed  into  the  depot  through 
a  dense  crowd  of  expectant  people,  composed  not  only  of 
the  citizens  of  Sangamon  county,  but  representing  all  the 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  293 

States  touching  Illinois.  The  St.  Louis  delegation  con- 
sisted of  the  Old  Guard  and  Halleck  Guards,  members  of 
the  city  government,  of  the  Merchants'  Exchange,  Gov. 
Fletcher  and  Staff,  and  Gen.  Dodge,  who  commands  the 
Department  of  Missouri,  and  his  Staff,  together  with  a 
number  of  private  citizens,  in  all  between  five  and  six 
hundred  persons.  The  procession  was  promptly  formed 
in  the  following  order: — Brigadier-General  Cook  and 
Staff;  military  escort ;  Major- General  Hooker  and  Staff, 
on  foot;  the  guard  of  honor;  relatives  and  friends  in 
carriages;  the  Illinois  Delegation  from  Washington; 
Senators  and  Eepresentatives  of  the  Congress  of  the  Uni- 
ted States,  including  Speaker  Colfax  and  their  Sergeants- 
at-Arms ;  the  Illinois  State  Legislature ;  the  Governors  of 
different  States ;  delegations  from  Kentucky ;  the  Chicago 
Committee  of  Reception ;  the  Springfield  Committee  of 
Beception;  the  Judges  of  the  different  courts;  the  reverend 
clergy ;  officers  of  the  army  and  navy ;  firemen  of  the  city ; 
citizens  generally ;  colored  citizens.  The  route  of  the  pro- 
cession was  direct  to  the  State  House,  and  the  President's 
remains  were  borne  by  the  Veteran  Sergeants  into  the  Hall 
of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives,  in  accordance  with  the  rules 
which  had  governed  the  care  of  the  coffin  from  the  morning 
on  which  it  was  carried  from  the  Capitol  at  Washington. 
The  principal  decorations  of  the  city  were  confined  to 
the  buildings  on  the  four  sides  of  the  Capitol  Square. 
At  the  First  National  Bank  a  wreath  of  evergreen  and  a 
portrait  of  the  deceased  President  surmounted  the  motto : 

"  He  left  us  upheld  by  our  prayers, 
He  returns  embalmed  in  our  tears." 

Over  Wolf  &  Bergmann's  was  a  portrait,  and  the  motto : 

"  An  honest  man  now  lies  at  rest, 
As  ever  God  with  his  image  blest ; 
Few  hearts  like  his  with  virtue  warmed, 
Few  heads  with  knowledge  so  informed." 


294  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Hammerslough  Brothers  displayed  a  portrait  of  Mr.  Lin- 
coln, with  the  motto:  "Millions  bless  thy  name."  The 
store  of  J.  H.  Holfer  &  Co.  was  decorated  with  drapery 
and  a  bust  of  Lincoln  trimmed  with  evergreens.  John 
McGriery's  store  was  decorated  with  drapery  and  flags, 
and  the  motto :  "  Revere  Ms  Memory."  The  headquarters 
of  the  Paymaster's  Department  were  appropriately  draped , 
and  displayed  the  flag  at  half  mast.  L.  Steiners  &  Co.'s 
store  had  the  following  motto :  "  Weep,  sweet  country  weep, 
let  every  section  mourn ;  the  North  has  lost  its  champion,  the 
South  its  truest  friend.  Let  every  patriot  halt  at  our  country's 
altar,  and  drop  a  passing  tear  for  departed  worth."  The 
Court  House  and  the  rooms  of  the  State  Agricultural 
Society  were  very  beautifully  draped.  Little's  store  had 
the  motto :  "  He  still  lives  in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen." 
Gr.  W.  Chatterton's  store  displayed  the  most  elegant  and 
tasteful  decoration  in  the  city.  The  building  was  pro- 
fusely draped,  and  had  on  its  front  a  monument  against 
a  black  background,  inscribed:  "LINCOLN."  "  With 
malice  towards  none,  with  charity  for  all."  In  the  large 
window,  which  was  heavily  set  in  black,  was  an  eagle 
holding  in  his  beak  a  beautiful  wreath  of  evergreens  and 
immortelles,  the  whole  surmounting  a  bust  of  the  departed 
President,  at  the  base  of  which  was  the  motto :  "  Ours  in 
life — the  nation's  in  death."  Eobiuson  &  Banman's  store 
had  the  motto :  "  Our  nation  mourns."  Smith  &  Bros.' 
store  displayed  a  bust  wreathed  in  evergreens,  with  the 
motto :  "  How  we  loved  him."  J.  H.  Adams'  store  had  a 
bust  in  the  window,  with  the  motto :  "  A  sigh  the  absent 
claim,  the  dead  a  tear;"  also,  a  portrait  with  the  motto: 
"  Our  martyred  chief."  The  Odd  Fellows'  Hall  displayed 
a  portrait  beautifully  trimmed  with  evergreens.  Other 
places  of  business  and  many  of  the  private  residences  in 
the  city  were  beautifully  draped,  among  them  the  Execu- 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  295 

tive  Mansion,  and  the  residences  of  ex-Governor  Matteson 
and  Colonel  Baker  of  the  State  Journal. 

The  old  residence  of  Mr.  Lincoln  was  the  center  of 
mournful  interest.  The  house,  which  was  occupied  by 
Lucien  Tilton,  was  very  heavily  draped  in  mourning. 
The  windows  were  curtained  with  black  and  white,  the 
corner  posts  wreathed  with  evergreens,  the  cornice  hidden 
by  festoons  of  black  and  white  looped  up  at  intervals,  and 
the  space  between  the  cornice  of  the  door  and  the  central 
window  filled  with  the  American  flag  gmcefully  trimmed. 
The  law  office  which  Mr.  Lincoln  had  occupied  in  a 
block  of  three-story  brick  buildings,  was  draped  in  mourn- 
ing, and  at  the  door  hung  a  portrait  of  the  deceased. 

The  State  House  was  decorated  with  superior  taste  and. 
skill.  The  outside  of  the  dome  was  deep  black,  and, 
together  with  the  cornice  and  pillars  on  which  it  rests,  was 
elaborately  festooned  with  white  and  black.  Similar 
drapery  fell  from  the  eves  and  columns  ;  the  pediments, 
both  on  the  north  and  south  entrances,  were  corrugated 
with  evergreens,  and  the  capitals  draped  with  white  and 
black  muslin.  All  the  windows  were  partially  curtained 
with  black-white  trimmings  at  the  top  and  black  falling 
at  the  base  ;  from  the  crown  of  the  dome  was  a  staff,  on 
which  was  the  national  flag  at  half-mast  with  black 
streamers.  The  entrance  to  the  Capitol  and  the  rotunda 
was  heavily  draped,  and  festoons  of  evergreens  hung 
from  the  dome. 

In  the  Eepresentatives  Hall  the  general  arrangement 
made  the  decorations  correspond  with  the  room,  which  is 
a  semi-circular  colonade  of  eleven  Corinthian  columns, 
supporting  a  half  dome,  the  straight  side  being  toward 
the  west,  at  the  centre  of  which  was  the  Speaker's  chair, 
which  had  been  removed  for  the  occasion.  At  the  apex 
of  the  dome  was  a  rising  sun,  radiant  to  the  circumfer- 


296  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

ence.  On  the  floor  a  dais  was  erected,  ascended  by  three 
steps.  On  the  dais  a  hexagon  canopy,  supported  on 
columns  twelve  feet  high,  the  shaft  covered  with  black 
velvet ;  the  capitals  wrought  in  white  velvet,  with  silver 
bands,  filled  the  canopy,  tent-shaped,  rising  seven  feet  in 
the  centre,  covered  with  heavy  black  broadcloth  in  radi- 
ating slack  folds,  surmounted  at  the  apex  and  at  each 
angle  with  black  plumes  having  white  centres.  A  draped 
eagle  was  perched  on  the  middle  of  each  crown- mould. 
The  cornice  was  of  Egyptian  pattern,  corresponding  with 
the  capitals  covered  with  black  velvet;  the  bands  and 
mouldings  were  of  silver ;  the  lining  of  the  canopy  was 
white  crape  in  radiating  folds  over  blue,  thickly  set  with 
stars  of  silver,  and  terminating  at  the  cornice  inside  in  a 
band  of  black  velvet  with  silver  fillets.  Between  the 
columns  was  a  rich  valance  in  folds,  with  heavy  silver 
fringe,  from  under  which  depended  velvet  curtains  extend- 
ing from  each  column  two-thirds  of  the  distance  from  the 
capitals  to  the  centre  of  the  cornice,  looped  with  silver 
bands — the  whole  so  disposed  as  to  exhibit  both  columns 
and  capitals,  inside  and  out.  The  effect  of  the  canopy 
and  its  supports  and  the  drapery  was  very  imposing,  the 
whole  being  unique  and  elegant,  combining  lightness 
with  massiveness  in  harmony.  Twelve  brilliant  jets  of 
gas  burning  in  ground  glass  globes  springing  from  the 
columns,  lighted  the  interior  and  reflected  from  the  folds 
of  double  lining  an  opuline  atmosphere  to  the  whole. 

The  catafalque  was  covered  with  black  velvet,  trimmed 
with  silver  and  satin,  and  adorned  with  thirty-six  bur- 
nished silver  stars,  twelve  at  the  head  and  twelve  on 
each  side.  The  floor  of  the  dais  was  covered  with  ever- 
greens and  white  flowers.  The  steps  of  the  dais  were 
covered  with  broadcloth  drapery,  banded  with  silver  lace. 
The  columns  of  the  room  were  hung  with  black  crape,  and 


MEMORIAL.  297 

the  capitals  festooned  and  entwined  with  the  same,  so  as 
to  display  the  architecture  to  good  advantage,  without 
detriment  to  the  effect.  The  cornice  was  appropriately 
draped,  and,  in  large  antique  letters  on  a  black,  ground, 
were  the  words  of  President  Lincoln  at  Independence 
Hall,  Philadelphia,  Feb.  22,  1861 :— "  Sooner  than  sur- 
render these  principles,  I  would  be  assassinated  on  the 
spot."  In  front  of  the  gallery  were  black  panels  nine 
feet  by  two  and  a  half,  having  silver  bands  and  centres 
of  crossed  olive  branches  ;  above  the  gallery  looped  cur- 
tains of  black  crape  extended  around  the  semi-circle ; 
below  the  gallery  white  crape  curtains  overhung  with 
black  crape  festoons.  Each  column  was  ornamented 
with  a  beautiful  wreath  of  evergreens  and  white  flowers, 
the  gift  of  Mrs.  Gehlman,  of  Springfield.  On  the  top  of 
the  gallery,  extending  the  entire  length,  was  a  festoon  of 
evergreens.  The  Corinthian  cornice  was  festooned  on 
•the  west  at  each  side,  twenty-four  feet  forward  of  the 
centre,  supported  by  pilasters  of  the  same  order,  the 
space  between  being  surmounted  by  an  obtuse  arch 
reaching  within  one  foot  of  the  apex,  and  projecting  six 
inches,  leaving,  after  the  removal  of  the  speaker's  chair, 
a  depression  resembling  a  panel,  thirty  three  feet  wide 
by  thirty-seven  feet  high.  At  the  extreme  height,  in  the 
upper  portion  of  this  was  placed  a  blue  semi-circular  field, 
sixteen  feet  across,  studded  with  thirty-six  stars  six 
inches  in  diameter,  and  from  which  radiated  the  thirteen 
stripes  on  the  American  flag  in  delicate  crape,  two  feet 
wide  at  the  circumference  of  the  blue  field,  increasing  to 
the  extreme  lower  angle,  breaking  on  the  dais  below  and 
the  pilasters  on  either  side ;  the  whole  crowned  with  blue 
and  black  crape,  and  so  disposed  as  to  correspond  with 
the  blue  field,  the  stars,  and  radiated  panels  of  the  ceil- 
ing ;  the  central  red  stripe  fell  opposite  the  opening  in  the 
14 


298  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

curtains  at  the  head  of  the  catafalque.  Oil  the  cornice,  each 
side  of  the  flag  work,  were  placed  two  mottoes,  corres- 
ponding with  that  on  the  semi-circular  freese,  forming 
together  these  words :  "  Washington  the  Father  and 
Lincoln  tlie  Saviour."  A  life  sized  portrait  of  Washing- 
ton, the  frame  draped  in  blue  crape,  stood  at  the  head  of 
the  dais.  In  the  northwest  and  southwest  corners  living 
evergreen  trees  and  flowers  were  arranged.  The  interior 
decorations  were  perfected  under  the  direction  of  the 
Chairman  of  the  committee,  Mr.  G.  F.  Wright,  formerly 
from  Hartford,  Conn. 

The  catafalque  was  designed  by  Col.  Schwarts.  The 
exterior  decorations  and  those  of  all  other  public  build- 
ings, were  entirely  under  the  superintendence  of  E.  E.  My- 
ers, architect  at  Springfield. 

Immediately  after  the  body  had  been  placed  upon  the 
catafalque,  the  waiting  people  were  admitted  to  the  State 
House.  They  were  obliged  to  ascend  a  winding  staircase 
into  the  Bepresentatives'  Hall,  and  return  by  the  same 
route  ;  and  the  passage  was  often  obstructed,  but  the 
people  were  sad  and  patient,  and  rarely  did  confusion 
interrupt  the  stream  of  mourners,  which  continued  in 
almost  unbroken  line  from  about  ten  o'clock  on  the  morn- 
ing of  the  3d  of  May  till  ten  o'clock  on  the  morning  of 
the  4th.  It  was  estimated  that  at  least  seventy-five 
thousand  persons  visited  the  remains.  All  beholders 
were  impressed  with  awe  by  the  mournfulness  of  the 
surroundings,  and  by  the  solemn  reminders  of  the  grave 
which  met  their  gaze,  and  moved  through  the  Hall  in 
silence.  They  approached  at  the  left  hand  of  the  corpse, 
passed  around  the  head,  and  out  on  the  opposite  side. 
At  midnight  a  train  of  cars  came  in  on  the  Great  West- 
ern Eailroad,  and  the  whole  body  of  passengers  filed  at 
once  down  to  the  Capitol,  and  passed  through.  Trains 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  299 

were  continually  arriving,  bringing  thousands  more,  and 
at  three  o'clock  on  the  morning  of  the  3d,  hundreds  were 
walking  the  streets,  unable  to  find  any  accommodation, 
although  the  citizens  generally  threw  open  their  houses. 
A  little  before  midnight  the  ladies  of  the  Soldiers'  Aid 
Society  laid  on  the  coffin  a  cross  of  evergreen  and  white 
flowers,  and  unknown  persons  placed  on  it  three  wreaths 
of  the  same.  Some,  as  they  passed  the  corpse,  exhibited 
little  emotion ;  but  so  soon  as  they  were  removed  from  the 
awe-inspiring  scene,  and  fully  realized  that  they  had 
looked  for  the  last  time  on  earth,  on  the  features  of  the 
great  and  good  man,  once  their  familiar  neighbor,  wept 
with  a  touching  sorrow. 

THE  FINAL   CEREMONIES. 

The  Committee  of  Arrangements  decided  upon  the 
following  order  of  funeral  procession  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
late  President  of  the  United  States,  under  the  immediate 
direction  of  Maj.  Gen.  Joseph  Hooker,  Marshal-in-Chief, 
Brigadier  General  John  Cook  and  Staff,  Brevet  Brigadier 
General  James  Oakes  and  Staff  : 

Military. 
Funeral  escort. 

FIRST  DIVISION. 

Col.  C.  M.  Prevost,  16th  Regiment  V.  R.  C.,  Marshal. 

Aids — Lieut.  Thomas  B.  Beach,  A.  A.  A.  General,  Major  Horace  Holt, 

1st  Massachusetts  Heavy  Artillery,  Capt.  J.  C.  Reunisou, 

15th  N.  Y.  Cavalry,  Capt.  E.  C.  Raymond,  124th 

HI.  Infantry,  Capt.  Eddy,  95th  111. 

Infantry,  Lieut.  H.  N.  Schlick, 

1st  N.  Y.  Dragoons. 
To  consist  of  Cavalry,  Artillery  and  Infantry. 

SECOND  DIVISION. 

Major  F.  Bridgeman,  Pay  Department  U.  S.  A.,  Marshal. 
Ald»— Major  R.  W.  McClaughry,  Major  W.  W.  White. 


300  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Officers  and  Enlisted  men  of  the  Army  and  Navy,  not  otherwise 
assigned  in  the  order  stated ;  Officers  in 

Uniform  and  Side  Arms. 

Major  General  John  A.  McClernaud,  Grand  Marshal. 

Aids — Lieut.  Col.  A.  Schwartz,  Capt.  Henry  Jayne,  Capt.  E.  Endolph, 

Capt.  Benj.  Ferguson,  Thomas  Owen,  Hon.  Charles  Keys, 

J.  L.  Million,  Win.  M.  Springer,  E.  E.  Myers, 

A.  N.  J.  Crook,  Ed.  N.  Merritt, 

and  N.  Higgins. 

THIRD  DIVISION. 

Col.  Dudley  Wickersham,  1st  Army  Corps,  Marshal. 
Aids — Joshua  Rogers,  Isaac  A.  Hawley,  W.  F.  Kimber,  J.  B.  Perkins 

and  Charles  Canfield. 

Marshals  of  Sections. — Col.  William  S.  Barnum,  Capt.  A.  J.  Allen,  Col. 

S.  N.  Hitt,  C.  L.  Conkling,  Robert  P.  Officer, 

Capt.  T.  G.  Barnes,  D.  W.  Smith. 

Officiating  Clergymen. 

Surgeons  and  Physicians  of  the  Deceased. 

Guard  of  Honor. 


Pall  Bearers. 


Pall  Bearers. 


Horse  of  the  late  President,  led  by  two  grooms. 

Mourners. 
Family  of  the  Deceased. 

FOURTH  DIVISION. 

Col.  Speed  Butler,  Marshal. 
Aids — Major  Robert  Allen,  Captain  L.  Rosette,  and  Captain  Albert 

Williams. 

Marshals  of  Sections — William  E.  Bennett,  Hany  W.  Ives,  Philip  C. 
Latham,  William  V.  Roll,  K.  H.  Richardson, 

J.  E.  Williams,  and  J.  D.  Crabb. 
Civil  authorities  of  the  United  States  according  to  their  relative 

dignities. 
Foreign  Ministers. 

Civil  authorities  of  the  States  and  Territories,  and  of  the  District  of 

Columbia,  in  the  order  stated,  and  according  to 

their  dignity  in  said  order. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  301 

FIFTH  DIVISION. 

Hon.  George  Huntiugton,  Marshal. 
Aids — Dr.  S.  Babcock,  George  Shepherd,  Charles  Ridgley,  George 

Latham,  Moses  B.  Condell. 
Municipal  authorities  of  the  city  of  Springfield  and  other  cities. 

SIXTH  DIVISION. 

Hon.  William  H.  Herndon,  Marshal. 

Aida— P.  P.  Enos,  C.  S.  Zane,  T.  W.  Dresser,  M.  D.,  John  T.  Jones, 

William  G.  Cochran,  James  Raybourne,  Charles  Vincent, 

Edward  Beach,  John  Peters,  C.  W.  Rearden, 

R.  C.  Huskey. 
Marshals  of  Sections — Thomas  Lyon,  B.  T.  Hill,  George  Birge,  Henry 

Yeakel,  Jacob  Halfen, Sweefc.Dewitt  C.  Hartwell, 

Hamilton  Hovey,  Frederick  B.  Smith. 

Members  of  the  Christian,  Sanitary,  and  other  kindred  Commissions. 
Delegations  from  Bodies  Politic,  Universities  and  Colleges. 

Clergy. 

Members  of  the  Legal  Profession. 

Members  of  the  Medical  Profession. 

Representatives  of  the  Press. 

SEVENTH  DIVISION. 

Hon.  Harmon  G.  Reynolds,  Marshal. 
Aids—  George  R.  Teasdale,  John  A.  Hughes,  James  Smith,  P.  Fitz- 

patrick,  Henry  Shuck,  Thomas  O'Conner. 

Marshals  of  Sections. — Captain  Charles  Fisher,  Frank  W.  Tracy,  M. 
Connor,  Frederick  Smith,  M.  Armstrong,  Richard  Young. 

Free  Masons. 

Odd  Fellows  and  other  Fraternities. 
Firemen. 

EIGHTH   DIVISION. 

Hon.  John  W.  Smith,  Marshal. 

Aids — Capt.  Isaac  Keye,  S.  H.  Jones,  Hon.  John  W.  Priest,  O.  H.  Abel, 

Henry  N.  Alden,  Wm.  P.  Crafton,  G.  A.  Kimber,  John  W. 

Poorman,  Henry  Ridgely,  J.  H.  Crow,  John  W.  Davis, 

Presco  Wright,  N.  V.  Hunt,  Geo.  Dalby,  Alfred 

A.  North,  John  S.  Bradford, 

Samuel  P.  Townsend. 

Citizens  at  large. 

Colored  Persona. 


302    -  LINCOLN   MEMORIAL. 

On  the  4th  of  May  the  crowds  which  filled  the  streets  of 
Springfield  were  greatly  augmented  by  each  train  which 
arrived  on  the  several  railways.  According  to  the  adver- 
tised arrangements,  heavy  guns  were  fired,  solemn  dirges 
were  played,  and  bells  were  tolled.  All  places  of  business 
were  closed.  The  weather  was  propitious.  At  eight 
o'clock  a  vast  assemblage  of  people  had  collected  about 
the  State  House  grounds,  and,  while  the  funeral  prepara- 
tions were  being  completed,  a  choir  of  250  singers,  grouped 
on  the  Capitol  steps,  sang,  with  great  sweetness  and  im- 
pressiveness,  a  hymn  called  "  Peace,  peace,  troubled 
soul."  The  singers  were  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Mess- 
ner,  of  Springfield,  assisted  by  Mr.  Palmer,  of  St.  Louis. 
While  the  eight  sergeants  were  carrying  the  coffin  out  on 
their  shoulders,  they  sang,  after  a  prelude  by  the  band, 
Pleyl's  beautiful  hymn  : 

"  Children  of  the  Heavenly  King, 
As  ye  journey  sweetly  sing ; 
Sing  onr  Saviour's  worthy  praise, 
Glorious  in  His  works  and  ways." 

The  military  were  drawn  up  on  Washington  street, 
north  of  the  Capitol,  and  when  the  coffin  was  placed  in 
the  hearse  they  marched  east  along  the  street,  allowing  it 
to  come  in  the  rear.  The  procession  was  then  formed  in 
the  order  which  had  been  announced.  The  pall-bearers 
were :  Hon.  Jesse  K.  Dubois,  Hon.  S.  T.  Logan,  Hon.  G. 
P.  Kcerner,  James  L.  Lamb,  Esq.,  Hon.  S.  H.  Treat,  Col. 
John  Williams,  Erastus  Wright,  Esq.,  Hon.  J.  K  Brown, 
Jacob  Bunn,  Esq.,  C.  W.  Matheny,  Esq.,  Elijah  lies,  Esq., 
Hon.  J.  T.  Stuart. 

At  half-past  eleven  the  cortege  began  to  move,  a  band 
playing  at  the  moment  of  its  departure  "  Lincoln's  Funeral 
March."  On  the  route  to  the  cemetery  the  bands  played 
the  "  Dead  March  in  Saul,"  with  solemn  and  mournful 


LINCOLN  MEMOKIAL.  303- 

effect.  The  route  led  by^the  former  house  of  Mr.  Lincoln, 
on  the  corner  of  Eighth  and  Jefferson  streets,  and  from 
thence  west  to  Fourth,  and  thence  on  Fourth  to  Oak 
Ridge  Cemetery,  which  is  a  mile  and  a  half  north  of  the 
city,  near  the  line  of  the  Chicago  and  St.  Louis  Eailroad. 
But  a  small  portion  of  the  people  who  had  assembled  to 
witness  the  ceremonies  took  position  in  the  procession, 
but  hastened  by  shorter  routes  through  its  line  to  the 
cemetery,  which  very  appropriately  takes  its  name  from 
two  high  ridges,  running  east  and  west,  covered  princi- 
pally with  large  oak  trees.  Between  these  is  a  valley  about 
seventy-five  feet  in  depth,  winding  with  pleasing  irregu- 
larity, and  watered  by  a  little  brook  of  clear  water.  The 
gate  of  the  cemetery  is  at  the  head  of  this  valley,  and  for 
several  rods  it  descends  quite  rapidly,  though  near  the 
tomb  it  is  nearly  level.  The  tomb  stands  on  the  south 
side  in  a  little  cove  in  the  bank,  where  it  is  quite  steep,  so 
that  the  roof  of  it  is  but  a  few  feet  in  length.  It  is  built 
of  Joliet  limestone,  the  architecture  of  the  main  arch 
being  rustic.  The  upper  range  of  the  arch  projecting  a  few 
inches  from  the  main  wall,  is  of  rubbed  stone,  and  rests 
on  Doric  pilasters.  The  whole  is  about  twelve  feet  high, 
and  ten  wide.  The  brick  walls  inside  were  covered  with 
evergreen ;  and  in  the  centre  stood  a  foundation  bearing 
a  marble  slab,  on  which  the  coffin  was  deposited.  The  re- 
mains of  "  Little  Willie  "  were  deposited  in  the  same  tomb. 
The  scene  was  most  solemn,  and,  beyond  the  power  of 
language  to  express,  impressive,  when  in  the  presence  of 
nearly  all  the  citizens  of  the  city  which  had  so  long  been 
the  home  of  Mr.  Lincoln,  and  of  a  vast  throng  assembled 
from  all  the  States  of  the  Northwest,  the  imposing  pro- 
cession entered  the  cemetery  under  an  evergreen  arch, 
and  filed  toward  the  tomb  to  the  music  of  dirges  per- 
formed by  many  powerful  bands. 


304  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Performing  for  the  last  time  the  melancholy  service  for 
which  they  had  been  detailed  at  Washington,  the  Vet- 
eran Reserve  Guard  stood  round  the  hearse — and  in  the 
immediate  presence  of  the  Guard  of  Honor,  the  Presi- 
dent's sons,  Eobert  and  Thaddeus  Lincoln,  and  other 
relatives,  and  the  family  friends — bore  the  coffin  into  the 
tomb.  The  religious  exercises  were  then  opened  with 
prayer  by  the  Eev.  A.  Hale,  after  which  the  following 
dirge,  the  words  by  L.  M.  Dawn,  the  music  by  Geo.  F. 
Boot,  was  sung  by  the  choir,  assisted  by  the  band : 

All  onr  land  is  draped  in  mourning, 
Hearts  are  bowed  and  strong  men  weep ; 
For  our  loved,  our  noble  leader, 
•  Sleeps  his  last,  his  dreamless  sleep — 
Gone  forever,  fallen  by  a  traitor's  hand, 
Though  preserved  his  dearest  treasure, 
Our  redeem'd,  beloved  land. 

Best  in  peace. 

Thro'  our  night  of  bloody  struggle, 
-  Ever  dauntless,  firm  and  true, 
Bravely,  gently  forth  he  led  us, 
Till  the  morn  burst  on  our  view — 
Till  he  saw  the  day  of  triumph, 
Saw  the  field  onr  heroes  won, 
Then  his  honored  life  was  ended, 
Then  his  glorious  work  was  done. 

Best  in  peace. 

When  from  mountain,  hill  and  valley,  ^ 

To  their  homes  our  brave  boys  come, 

When  with  welcome  notes  we  greet  them, 

Song  and  cheer  and  pealing  drum, 

When  we  miss  our  loved  ones  fallen, 

When  to  weep  AVC  turn  aside, 

Then  for  him  our  tears  shall  mingle— 

He  has  suffered,  he  has  died. 

Rest  in  peace. 

Honored  leader,  long  and  fondly 
Shall  thy  memory  cherished  be, 
Hearts  shall  bless  thee  for  their  freedom, 
Hearts  unborn  shall  sigh  for  thee. 
He  wh<*  gave  thee  might  and  wisdom 
Gave  thy  spirit  sweet  repose, 
Farewell,  father,  friend  and  guardian, 
Rest  forever,  rest  in  peace. 

Rest  in  peace. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  305 

Rev.  ET.  W.  Miuer  then  read  selections  from  the  first 
chapter  of  John,  and  extracts  from  the  writings  of  Paul. 
This  was  followed  by  the  choral  "  To  Thee,  O  Lord,"  St. 
Paul,  as  follows: 

To  Thee,  O  Lord,  I  yield  my  spirit, 
Wlio  break'st  in  love  this  mortal  chain  ; 
My  life  I  but  from  thee  inherit, 
And  death  becomes  my  chiefest  gain ; 
In  Thee  I  live,  in  Thee  I  die, 
Content,  for  Thou  art  ever  nigh. 

After  this,  Eev.  N.  C.  Hubbard  read  the  last  inaugural 
of  Mr.  Lincoln,  which  was  followed  by  a  dirge.  The 
music  is  from  Otto,  and  familiar ;  the  words  were  com- 
posed by  the  artist,  Mr.  G.  F.  Wright : 

AS   WHEN   THV   CROSS   WAS   BLEEDING. 

As  when  Thy  cross  was  bleeding, 
The  earth  is  draped  in  gloom  ! 
Our  brows  are  bound  in  ashes. 
Our  hearts  are  in  the  tomb ! 


O,  God,  our  sovereign  Savior  .' 
Thy  saving  grace  reveal ; 
O,  stay  Thy  people's  anguish, 
And  let  Thy  mercy  heal ! 


Bishop  Simpson  then  arose  to  deliver  his  address.  In 
an  instant  every  ear  was  strained  to  catch  the  accents  of 
a  man  who  had  been  deemed  worthy  to  fill  so  great  an 
honor. 

BISHOP  SIMPSON'S  ORATION. 

Fellow-citizens  of  Illinois,  and  of  many  parts  of  our  entire 
Union  : 

Near  the  capital  of  this  large  and  growing  State,  in  the 
midst  of  this  beautiful  grove,  arid  at  the  mouth  of  this 
vault  which  has  just  received  the  remains  of  our  fallen 
chieftain,  we  gather  to  pay  a  tribute  of  respect  and  to 


306  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

drop  the  tear  of  sorrow  around  the  ashes  of  the  mighty 
dead. 

A  little  more  than  four  years  ago,  from  his  plain  and 
quiet  home  in  yonder  city,  he  started,  receiving  the  part- 
ing words  of  the  concourse  of  friends  who  gathered  around 
him,  and  in  the  midst  of  the  dropping  of  the  gentle 
shower,  he  told  of  the  pangs  of  parting  from  the  place 
where  his  children  had  been  born  and  his  home  had  been 
made  pleasant  by  early  recollections ;  and  as  he  left,  he 
made  an  earnest  request  in  the  hearing  of  some  who  are 
present  at  this  hour,  that  as  he  was  about  to  enter  upon 
responsibilities  which  he  believed  to  be  greater  than  any 
which  had  fallen  upon  any  man  since  the  days  of  Wash- 
ington, the  people  would  offer  up  prayers  that  God 
would  aid  and  sustain  him  in  the  work  which  they  had 
given  him  to  do. 

His  company  left  your  quiet  city,  but  as  it  went  snares 
were  in  waiting  for  the  Chief  Magistrate.  Scarcely  did 
he  escape  the  dangers  of  the  way  or  the  hands  of  the  as- 
sassin, as  he  neared  Washington ;  and  I  believe  he  escaped 
only  through  the  vigilance  of  officers  and  the  prayers  of 
his  people.  So  that  the  blow  was  suspended  for  more 
than  four  years,  which  was  at  last  permitted  through  the 
providence  of  God  to  fall.  How  different  the  occasion 
which  witnessed  his  departure  from  that  which  witnessed 
his  return !  Doubtless  he  expected  to  visit  you  all  again ; 
doubtless  you  expected  to  take  him  by  the  hand,  and  to 
feel  the  warm  grasp  which  you  had  felt  in  other  days, 
and  to  see  the  tall  form  walking  among  you,  which  you 
had  delighted  to  honor  in  years  past,  But  he  was  never 
permitted  to  return  until  he  came  with  lips  mute  and 
silent,  the  frame  encoffined,  and  a  weeping  nation  follow- 
ing as  his  mourners.  Such  a  scene  as  his  return  to  you 
was  never  witnessed  among  the  events  of  history.  There 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  307 

have  been  great  processions  of  mourners.  There  was  one 
for  the  Patriarch  Jacob,  which  came  up  from  Egypt,  and 
the  Egyptians  wondered  at  the  evidences  of  reverence 
and  filial  affection  which  came  up  from  the  hearts  of  the 
Israelites. 

There  was  mourning  when  Moses  fell  upon  the  heights 
of  Pisgah,  and  was  hid  from  human  view.  There  have 
been  mourning  in  the  kingdoms  of  the  earth,  when  kings 
and  princes  have  fallen,  but  never  was  there  in  the  his- 
tory of  man  such  mourning  as  that  which  has  accompa- 
nied this  funeral  procession,  and  has  gathered  around  the 
mortal  remains  of  him  who  was  our  loved  one,  and  who 
now  sleepeth  among  us. 

If  we  glance  at  the  procession  which  followed  him,  we 
see  how  the  nation  stood  aghast,  tears  filled  the  eyes  of 
many  sun-burnt  faces — strong  men,  as  they  clasped  the 
hands  of  their  friends,  were  unable  to  find  vent  for  their 
grief  in  words.  Women  and  little  children  caught  up  the 
tidings  as  they  ran  through  the  land,  and  were  melted 
into  tears.  The  nation  stood  still.  Men  left  their  plows 
in  the  field  and  asked  what  the  end  should  be.  The  hum 
of  manufactories  ceased,  and  the  sound  of  the  hammer 
was  not  heard — busy  merchants  closed  their  doors,  and 
in  the  exchange  gold  passed  no  more  from  hand  to  hand. 
Though  tlfree  weeks  have  passed,  the  nation  has  scarcely 
breathed  easily  yet.  A  mournful  silence  is  abroad  upon 
the  land.  Nor  is  this  mourning  confined  to  any  one  class 
or  to  any  district  of  country.  Men  of  all  political  parties 
and  of  all  religious  creeds  have  united  in  paying  this 
mournful  tribute.  The  Archbishop  of  the  Eoinan  Catho- 
lic Church  in  New  York  and  a  Protestant  minister  walked 
side  by  side  in  the  sad  procession,  and  a  Jewish  Rabbi 
performed  a  part  of  the  solemn  services.  Here  are  gath- 
ered around  his  tomb  the  representatives  of  the  Army  and 


308  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

Navy,  Senators,  Judges,  Governors,  and  officers  of  all 
the  branches  of  the  Government. 

Bnt  the  great  cause  of  this  mourning  is  to  be  found  in 
the  man  himself.  Mr.  Lincoln  was  no  ordinary  man. 
And  I  believe  the  conviction  has  been  growing  on  the 
nation's  mind,  as  it  certainly  has  been  on  mine,  especially 
in  the  last  years  of  his  administration,  that  by  the  hand 
of  God  he  was  especially  singled  out  to  guide  our  Govern- 
ment in  these  troubled  times ;  and  it  seems  to  me  that 
the  hand  of  God  may  be  traced  in  many  of  the  events 
connected  with  his  history. 

Here,  too,  are  members  of  civic  processions,  with  men 
and  women,  from  the  humblest  as  well  as  the  highest  oc- 
cupations. Here  and  there,  too,  are  tears  as  sincere  and 
warm  as  any  that  drop,  which  come  from  the  eyes  of  those 
whose  kindred  and  whose  race  have  been  freed  from  their 
chains  by  him  whom  they  mourn  as  their  deliverer. 

Far  more  eyes  have  gazed  upon  the  face  of  the  departed 
than  ever  looked  upon  the  face  of  any  other  departed 
man.  More  eyes  have  looked  upon  the  procession  for 
sixteen  hundred  miles  or  more,  by  night  and  by  day,  by 
sunlight,  dawn,  twilight  and  by  torchlight,  than  ever 
before  watched  the  progress  of  a  procession. 

We  ask,  why  this  wonderful  mourning — this 'great  pro- 
cession'? I  answer,  first:  A  part  of  the  interest  has 
arisen  from  the  times  in  which  we  live  and  in  which  he 
that  has  fallen  was  a  principal  actor.  It  is  a  principle  of 
our  nature  that  feelings  once  excited  pass  readily  from 
the  object  by  which  they  are  excited  to  some  other  object 
which  may  for  the  time  being  take  possession  of  the  mind. 
Another  principle  is,  that  the  deepest  affections  of  our 
hearts  gather  around  some  human  form,  in  which  are  in- 
carnated the  living  thoughts  and  ideas  of  the  passing  age. 
If  we  look,  then,  at  the  times  we  see  an  age  of  excitement. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  309 

For  four  years  the  popular  heart  has  been  stirred  to  its 
utmost  depths.  War  had  come  upon  us,  dividing  fami- 
lies, separating  nearest  and  dearest  friends.  A  war,  the 
extent  and  magnitude  of  which  no  one  could  estimate ;  a 
war  in  which  the  blood  of  brethren  was  shed  by  a  broth- 
er's hands.  A  call  was  made  by  this  voice,  now  hushed, 
and  all  over  this  land,  from  hill  and  mountain,  from 
plain  and  prairie,  there  sprang  up  hundreds  of  thousands 
of  bold  hearts,  ready  to  go  forth  and  save  our  National 
Union.  This  feeling  of  excitement  was  transferred  next 
into  a  feeling  of  deep  grief,  because  of  the  danger  in  which 
our  country  was  placed.  Many  said,  is  it  possible  to  save 
the  nation  1  Some  in  our  own  country,  and  nearly  all 
the  leading  men  in  other  countries,  declared  it  to  be  im- 
possible to  maintain  the  Union,  and  many  an  honest  and 
patriotic  heart  was  deeply  pained  with  apprehensions  of 
common  ruin ;  and  many  in  grief  and  almost  in  despair 
anxiously  inquired,  what  shall  the  end  of  these  things  be  7 
In  addition  to  this,  wives  had  given  their  husbands, 
mothers  their  sons — the  pride  and  joy  of  their  hearts. 
They  saw  them  put  on  the  uniform.  They  saw  them  take 
the  martial  step,  and  they  tried  to  hide  their  deep  feeling 
of  sadness.  Many  of  these  dear  ones  sleep  upon  the  bat- 
tle-field never  to  return  again,  and  there  was  mourning  in 
every  mansion  and  every  cabin  in  our  broad  land.  Then 
came  a  feeling  of  deeper  sadness  as  the  story  came  of 
prisoners  tortured  to  death,  or  starved  through  the  man- 
dates of  those  who  are  called  the  representatives  of  the 
chivalry,  or  who  claim  to  be  the  honorable  ones  of  the 
earth,  and  as  we  read  the  stories  of  frames  attenuated 
and  reduced  to  mere  skeletons,  our  grief  turned  partly 
into  horror,  and  partly  into  a  cry  for  vengeance. 

Then  this  feeling  was  changed  to  one  of  joy.    There 
came  signs  of  the  end  of  this  rebellion.    We  followed 


310  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

the  career  of  our  glorious  Generals  ;  we  saw  our  armies, 
under  the  command  of  the  brave  officer  who  is  guiding 
this  procession,  climb  up  the  heights  of  Lookout  Moun- 
tain and  drive  the  rebels  from  their  strongholds.  Another 
brave  General  swept  through  Georgia,  South  and  North 
Carolina,  and  drove  the  combine  armies  of  the  rebels 
before  him,  while  the  honored  Lieutenant  General  held 
Lee  and  his  hosts  in  a  death  grasp.  Then  the  tidings 
came  that  Eichmond  was  evacuated  and  that  Lee  had 
surrendered.  The  bells  rang  merrily  all  over  the  land  ; 
booming  of  cannon  was  heard  ;  illuminations  and  torch- 
light processions  manifested  the  general  joy,  and  families 
were  looking  for  the  speedy  return  of  their  loved  ones 
from  the  fields  of  battle.  Just  in  the  midst  of  this  wild- 
est joy,  in  one  hour,  nay,  in  one  moment,  the  tidings 
thrilled  through  our  land  that  Abraham  Lincoln,  the  best 
of  Presidents,  had  perished  by  the  hand  of  an  assassin ! 
and  then  all  that  feeling  which  had  been  gathering  for 
four  years  in  forms  of  grief,  horror  and  joy,  turned  in  an 
instant  into  one  wail  of  woe — a  sadness  inexpressible,  an 
anguish  unutterable. 

But  it  is  not  the  times  merely  which  cause  this  mourn- 
ing. The  mode  of  his  death  must  be  taken  into  account. 
Had  he  died  on  a  bed  of  illness,  with  kind  friends  around 
him  ;  had  the  sweat  of  death  been  wiped  from  his  brow 
by  gentle  hands  while  he  was  yet  conscious ;  could  he 
have  lived  to  speak  words  of  affection  to  his  stricken 
widow,  or  words  of  counsel  to  us,  like  those  we  heard  in 
his  parting  address — that  inaugural  which  shall  now  be 
immortal — how  it  would  have  softened  or  assuaged  some- 
thing of  th e  grief.  There  might  at  least  have  been  prepara- 
tion for  the  event.  But  no  moment  of  warning  was  given 
to  him  or  to  us.  He  was  stricken  down,  too,  when  his 
hopes  for  the  end  of  the  rebellion  were  bright,  and  the 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  311 

prospects  of  a  joyous  life  were  before  him.  There  was  a 
Cabinet  meeting  that  day,  said  to  have  been  the  most 
cheerful  and  happy  of  any  held  since  the  beginning  of 
the  rebellion. 

After  this  meeting  he  talked  with  his  wife — spoke  of 
the  four  years  of  tempest — of  the  storm  being  over,  and 
of  the  four  years  of  pleasure  and  joy  now  awaiting  him, 
as  the  weight  of  care  and  anguish  would  be  taken  from 
his  mind,  and  he  could  have  happy  days  with  his  family 
again.  In  the  midst  of  these  anticipations  he  left  his 
home  never  to  return  alive.  The  evening  was  Good 
Friday — the  saddest  day  in  the  whole  calendar  for  the 
Christian  church — henceforth  in  this  country  to  be  made 
sadder,  if  possible,  by  the  memory  of  our  nation's  loss. 
And  so  filled  with  grief  was  every  Christian  heart  that 
even  all  the  joyous  thoughts  of  Easter  Sunday  failed  to 
remove  the  crushing  sorrow  under  which  the  true  wor- 
shippers bowed  in  the  house  of  God. 

But  the  great  cause  of  this  mourning  is  to  be  found  in 
the  man  himself.  Mr.  Lincoln  was  no  ordinary  man ;  and 
I  believe  the  conviction  has  been  growing  on  the  nation's 
mind,  as  it  certainly  has  been  on  my  own,  especially  in 
the  last  years  of  his  administration.  By  the  hand  of 
God  he  was  especially  singled  out  to  guide  our  Govern- 
ment in  these  troublous  times,  and  it  seems  to  me  that 
the  hand  of  God  may  be  traced  in  many  of  the  events 
connected  with  his  history. 

First,  then,  I  recognize  this  in  his  physical  education, 
which  he  received,  and  which  prepared  him  for  enduring 
herculean  labors.  In  the  toils  of  his  boyhood  and  the 
labors  of  his  manhood,  God  was  giving  him  an  iron 
frame.  Next  to  this  was  his  identification  with  the  heart 
of  the  great  people,  understanding  their  feelings  because 
he  was  one  of  them,  and  connected  with  them  in  their 


312  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

movements  and  life.  His  education  was  simple.  A  few 
months  spent  in  the  school  house  gave  him  the  elements 
of  education.  He  read  but  few  books,  but  mastered  all. 
He  read  Bunyon's  Pilgrim's  Progress,  2Esop's  Fables, 
and  the  life  of  Washington,  which  were  his  favorites. 
In  these  we  recognize  the  works  which  gave  the  bias  to 
his  character,  and  which  partly  moulded  his  style. 

His  early  life,  with  its  varied  struggles,  joined  him  in- 
dissolubly  to  the  working  massea^and  no  elevation  in 
society  diminished  his  respect  for  the  sons  of  toil.  He 
knew  what  it  was  to  fell  the  tall  trees  of  the  forest,  and 
to  stem  the  current  of  the  broad  Mississippi.  His  home 
was  in  the  growing  West — the  heart  of  the  Eepublic — 
and  invigorated  by  the  winds  that  swept  over  its  prairies, 
he  learned  lessons  of  self-reliance  that  sustained  him  in 
scenes  of  adversity. 

His  genius  was  soon  recognized,  as  true  genius  always 
will  be,  and  he  was  placed  in  the  Legislature  of  his  State. 
Already  acquainted  with  the  principles  of  law,  he  de- 
voted his  thoughts  to  matters  of  public  interest,  and 
began  to  be  looked  upon  as-  the  "  coming  statesman." 
As  early  as  1839  he  presented  resolutions  in  the  Legisla- 
ture, asking  for  emancipation  in  the  District  of  Colum- 
bia, while,  with  but  rare  exceptions,  the  whole  popular 
mind  of  his  State  was  opposed  to  the  measure.  From 
that  hour  he  was  a  steady  and  uniform  friend  of  humanity, 
and  was  preparing  for  the  conflict  of  later  years. 

If  you  ask  me  on  what  mental  characteristics  his 
greatness  rested,  I  answer,  on  a  quick  and  ready  percep- 
tion of  facts — on  a  memory  unusually  tenacious  and  re- 
tentive, and  on  a  logical  turn  of  mind  which  followed 
sternly  and  unwaveringly  every  link  in  the  chain  of 
thought  on  any  subject  which  he  was  called  upon  to  in- 
vestigate. I  think  there  have  been  minds  more  broad  in 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  313 

their  character,  more  comprehensive  in  their  sweep ;  but 
I  doubt  whether  there  has  been  a  mind  which  could  fol- 
low step  by  step  with  logical  power  the  points  which  he 
desired  to  illustrate.  He  gained  this  power  by  the  close 
study  of  geometry,  and  by  a  determination  to  perceive 
the  truth  in  all  its  relations  and  simplicity,  and  when 
perceived  to  utter  it.  It  is  said  of  him,  that  in  childhood 
when  he  had  any  difficulty  in  listening  to  a  conversation 
to  ascertain  what  people  meant,  he  retired  to  rest,  he 
could  not  sleep  till  he  tried  to  understand  the  precise 
point  intended,  and  when  understood,  to  convey  it  in  a 
clearer  manner  to  others.  Who  that  has  read  his  mes- 
sages fails  to  perceive  the  directness  and  the  simplicity 
of  his  style ;  and  this  very  trait,  which  was  scoffed  at 
and  derided  by  opponents,  is  now  recognized  as  one  of 
the  strong  points  of  that  mighty  mind,  which  has  so 
.powerfully  influenced  the  destiny  of  this  nation,  and 
which  shall,  for  ages  to  come,  influence  the  destiny  of 
humanity. 

It  was  not,  however,  chiefly  by  his  mental  faculties  that 
he  gained  such  control  over  mankind.  His  moral  power 
gave  him  pre-eminence.  The  convictions  of  men  that 
Abraham  Lincoln  was  an  honest  man,  led  them  to  yield 
to  his  guidance.  As  has  been  said  of  Cobden,  whom  he 
greatly  resembled,  he  made  all  men  feel  a  kind  of  sense 
of  himself — a  recognized  individuality,  a  self-relying 
power.  They  saw  in  him  a  man  whom  they  believed 
would  do  what  was  right,  regardless  of  all  consequences. 
It  was  this  moral  feeling  which  gave  him  the  greatest  hold 
upon  the  people,  and  made  his  utterances  almost  oracular. 

When  the  nation  was  angered  by  the  perfidy  ot  foreign 

nations  in  allowing  privateers  to  be  fitted  out,  he  uttered 

the  significant  expression,  "one  war  at  a  time,"  and  it 

stilled  the  national  heart.    When  his  own  friends  were 

14* 


314  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

divided  as  to  what  steps  should  be  taken  as  to  slavery, 
that  simple  utterance,  "  I  will  save  the  Union  if  I  can 
with  slavery,  but  if  not,  slavery  must  perish,  for  the  Union 
must  be  saved," — that  became  the  rallying  word.  Men 
felt  the  struggle  was  for  the  Union,  and  all  other  ques- 
tions must  be  subsidiary. 

But  after  all,  by  the  acts  of  a  man  shall  his  fame  be 
perpetuated.  Where  are  his  acts'?  Much  praise  is  due 
to  the  men  who  aided  him.  He  called  able  counsellors 
around  him,  and  able  generals  into  the  field,  men  who 
have  borne  the  sword  as  bravely  as  ever  any  human  arm 
has  borne  it.  He  had  the  aid  of  prayerful  and  thoughtful 
men  everywhere,  but  under  his  own  guiding  hands  the 
movements  of  our  land  have  been  conducted. 

Turn  towards  the  different  departments.  We  had  an 
unorganized  militia,  a  mere  skeleton  army,  yet  under  his 
care  that  army  has  been  enlarged  into  a  force,  which  for 
skill,  intelligence,  efficiency  and  bravery,  surpasses  any 
which  the  world  had  ever  seen.  Before  its  veterans  the 
fame  of  even  the  renowned  veterans  of 'Napoleon  shall 
pale ;  and  the  mothers  and  sisters  on  these  hillsides,  and 
all  over  the  land,  shall  take  to  their  arms  again  braver 
men  than  ever  fought  in  European  wars. 

The  reason  is  obvious.  Money  or  a  desire  for  fame 
collected  those  armies — or  they  were  rallied  to  sustain 
favorite  thrones  or  dynasties.  But  the  armies  he  called 
into  being  fought  for  liberty,  for  the  Union,  and  for  the 
right  of  self-government ;  and  many  of  them  feel  that  the 
battles  they  won  were  for  humanity  everywhere,  and  for 
all  time — for  I  believe  that  God  has  not  suffered  this 
terrible  rebellion  to  come  upon  our  land  merely  for  a 
chastisement  to  us  or  a  lesson  to  our  age. 

There  are  moments  which  involve  in  themselves  eterni- 
ties. There  are  instants  which  seem  to  contain  germs 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  315 

which  shall  develop  ai\d  bloom  forever.  Such  a  moment 
came  in  the  tide  of  time  to  our  land  when  a  question 
must  be  settled,  affecting  all  the  powers  of  the  earth. 
The  contest  was  for  human  freedom.  Not  for  this  repub- 
lic merely.  Not  for  the  Union  simply,  but  to  decide 
whether  the  people,  as  a  people,  in  their  entire  majesty, 
were  destined  to  be  the  government,  or  whether  they 
were  to  be  subject  to  tyrants  or  aristocrats,  or  to  class- 
rule  of  any  kind. 

This  is  the  great  question  for  which  we  have  been 
fighting,  and  its  decision  is  at  hand,  and  the  result  of 
this  contest  will  affect  the  ages  to  come.  If  successful, 
republics  will  spread  in  spite  of  monarchs  all  over  this 
earth.  [Exclamations  of  Amen !  Thank  God !]  I  turn 
from  the  army  to  the  navy.  What  was  it  before  the  war 
commenced  7  Now  we  have  our  ships  of  war  at  home 
and  abroad,  to  guard  privateers  in  foreign  sympathizing 
ports,  and  to  care  for  every  port  of  our  own  coast.  They 
have  taken  ports  that  military  men  said  could  not  be 
taken,  and  a  brave  admiral  for  the  first  time  in  the 
world's  history,  lashed  himself  to  the  mast,  there  to 
remain  as  long  as  he  had  a  particle  of  skill  or  strength 
to  watch  over  his  ship  while  it  engaged  in  the  perilous 
contest  of  taking  the  strong  forts  of  the  enemy. 

Then  again  I  turn  to  the  Treasury  Department.  Where 
should  the  money  come  from  1  Wise  men  predicted  ruin, 
but  our  national  credit  has  been  maintained,  and  our 
currency  is  safer  to-day  than  it  ever  was  before.  Not 
only  so,  but  through  our  national  bonds,  if  properly  used, 
we  shall  have  a  permanent  basis  for  currency,  and  an 
investment  so  desirable  for  capitalists  of  other  nations, 
that  under  the  law  of  trade,  I  believe  the  center  of 
exchange  will  be  transferred  from  England  to  the  United 
States. 


316  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

But  the  great  act  of  the  Mighty  Chieftain,  on  which 
his  power  shall  rest  long  after  his  frame  shall  moulder 
away,  is  that  of  giving  freedom  to  a  race.  We  have  all 
been  taught  to  revere  the  sacred  characters.  We  have 
thought  of  Moses,  of  his  power,  and  the  prominence  he 
gave  to  the  moral  law,  how  it  lasts  and  how  his  name 
towers  high  among  the  names  in  Heaven,  and  how  he 
delivered  those  millions  of  his  kindred  out  of  bondage. 
And  yet  we  may  assert  that  Abraham  Lincoln,  by  his 
proclamation,  liberated  more  enslaved  people  than  ever 
Moses  set  free — and  those  not  of  his  kindred.  God  has 
seldom  given  such  a  power  or  such  an  opportunity  to  man. 
When  other  events  shall  have  been  forgotten ;  when  this 
world  shall  have  become  a  network  of  republics ;  when 
every  throne  shall  be  swept  from  the  face  of  the  earth ; 
when  literature  shall  enlighten  all  minds;  when  the 
claims  of  humanity  shall  be  recognized  everywhere,  this 
act  shall  still  be  conspicuous  on  the  pages  of  history. 
And  we  are  thankful  that  God  gave  to  Abraham  Lincoln 
the  decision  and  wisdom  and  grace  to  issue  that  procla- 
mation, which  stands  high  above  all  other  papers  which 
have  been  penned  by  uninspired  men. 

Abraham  Lincoln  was  a  good  man.  He  was  known  as 
an  honest,  temperate,  forgiving  man ;  a  just  man,  a  man 
of  noble  heart  in  every  way.  As  to  his  religious  experience 
I  cannot  speak  definitely,  because  I  was  not  privileged  to 
know  much  of  his  private  sentiments.  My  acquaintance 
with  him  did  not  give  me  the  opportunity  to  hear  him 
speak  on  those  topics.  This  I  know,  however :  he  read 
the  Bible  frequently — loved  it  for  its  great  truths  and 
profound  teachings,  and  he  tried  to  be  guided  by  its 
precepts.  He  believed  in  Christ  the  Saviour  of  sinners, 
and,  I  think,  he  was  sincerely  trying  to  bring  his  life 
into  harmony  with  the  great  principles  of  revealed  religion. 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  317 

Certainly  if  there  ever  was  a  man  who  illustrated  some 
of  the  principles  of  pure  religion,  that  man  was  our 
departed  President.  Look  over  all  his  speeches,  listen 
to  his  utterances ;  he  never  spoke  unkindly  of  any  man. 
Even  the  rebels  received  no  words  of  auger  from  him, 
and  the  last  days  of  his  life  illustrated,  in  a  remarkable 
manner,  his  forgiving  disposition.  A  dispatch  was  re- 
ceived that  afternoon  that  Thompson  and  Tucker  were 
trying  to  escape  through  Maine,  and  it  was  proposed  to 
arrest  them.  Mr.  Lincoln,  however,  preferred  to  let  them 
quietly  escape.  lie  was  seeking  to  save  the  very  men 
who  had  been  plotting  his  destruction,  and  this  morning 
we  read  a  proclamation  offering  $25,000  for  the  arrest  of 
these  men,  as  aiders  and  abettors  of  his  assassination. 
So  that  in  his  expiring  acts  he  was  saying,  Father  forgive 
them,  they  know  not  what  they  do.  As  a  ruler,  I  doubt 
if  any  President  has  ever  showed  such  trust  in  God,  or 
in  public  documents  so  frequently  referred  to  Divine  aid. 
Often  did  he  remark  to  friends  and  delegations  that  his 
hope  for  our  success  rested  in  his  conviction  that  God 
would  bless  our  efforts,  because  we  were  trying  to  do 
right.  To  the  address  of  a  large  religious  body,  he 
replied,  "Thanks  be  unto  God,  who  in  our  national 
trials,  giveth  us  the  Churches."  To  a  minister  who  said 
"  he  hoped  the  Lord  was  on  our  side,"  he  replied,  "  that 
it  gave  him  no  concern  whether  the  Lord  was  on  our  side 
or  not,"  for  he  added,  "  I  know  the  Lord  is  always  on  the 
side  of  right,"  and  with  deep  feeling  added,  "  But  God  is 
my  witness  that  it  is  my  constant  anxiety  and  prayer  that 
both  myself  and  this  nation  should  be  on  the  Lord's 
side." 

In  his  domestic  life  he  was  exceedingly  kind  and  affec- 
tionate. He  was  a  devoted  husband  and  father.  During 
his  Presidential  term  he  lost  his  second  son,  Willie.  To 


318  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

an  officer  of  the  army  he  said,  not  long  since,  "Do  you 
ever  find  yourself  talking  with  the  dead  ?"  and  added : 
"  Since  Willie's  death  I  catch  myself  every  day  involun- 
tarily talking  with  him,  as  if  he  were  with  me."  For  his 
widow,  who  is  unable  to  be  here,  I  need  only  invoke  the 
blessing  of  Almighty  God  that  she  be  comforted  and 
sustained.  For  his  son,  who  has  witnessed  the  exercises 
of  this  hour,  all  that  I  can  desire  is  that  the  mantle  of 
his  father  may  fall  upon  him.  [Exclamations  of  "Amen."] 

Let  us  pause  a  moment  on  the  lesson  of  the  hour  before 
we  part.  This  man,  though  felled  by  an  assassin,  still 
fell  underthe  permissive  hand  of  God.  He  had  some  wise 
purpose  in  allowing  him  to  fall.  What  more  could  he 
have  desired  of  life  for  himself?  Were  not  his  honors 
full  1  There  was  no  office  to  which  he  could  aspire ;  the 
popular  heart  clung  around  him  as  around  no  other  man. 
The  nations  of  the  world  had  learned  to  honor  our  Chief 
Magistrate.  If  rumors  of  a  desired  alliance  with  England 
be  true,  Napoleon  trembled  when  he  heard  of  the  fall  of 
Eichmond,  and  asked  what  nation  would  join  him  to  pro- 
tect him  against  our  government.  This  had  the  guidance 
of  such  a  man.  His  fame  was  full — his  work  was  done — 
and  he  sealed  his  glory  by  being  the  nation's  just  martyr 
for  liberty. 

He  had  a  strange  presentiment,  in  early  political  life, 
that  some  day  he  would  be  President.  You  see  it  indi- 
cated in  1859,  when  of  the  slave  power  he  said  :  "Broken 
by  it,  I,  too,  may  be ;  bow  to  it,  I  never  will.  The  prob- 
ability that  we  may  fail  in  the  struggle  ought  not  to  deter 
us  from  the  support  of  a  cause  which  I  deem  to  be  just ; 
it  shall  not  deter  me.  If  ever  I  feel  the  soul  within  me 
elevate  and  expand  to  those  dimensions  not  wholly  un- 
worthy of  its  Almighty  Architect,  it  is  when  I  contem- 
plate the  cause  of  my  country,  deserted  by  all  the  world 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

besides,  and  I  standing  up  boldly  and  alone,  and  hurling 
defiance  at  her  victorious  oppressors.  Here,  without 
contemplating  consequences,  before  high  Heaven,  and  in 
the  face  of  the  world,  I  swear  eternal  fidelity  to  the  just 
cause,  as  I  deem  it,  of  the  land  of  my  life,  my  liberty, 
and  my  love." 

And  yet  he  recently  said  to  more  than  one,  "  I  never 
shall  live  out  the  four  years  of  my  term.  When  the  re- 
bellion is  crushed  my  work  is  done."  So  it  was.  He 
lived  to  see  the  last  battle  fought  and  to  dictate  a  dis- 
patch from  the  home  of  Jefferson  Davis — lived  till  the 
power  of  the  rebellion  was  broken,  and  then,  having  done 
the  work  for  which  God  sent  him,  angels,  I  trust,  were 
sent  to  shield  him  from  one  moment  of  pain  or  suffering, 
and  to  bear  him  from  this  world  to  that  high  and  glorious 
realm  were  the  patriot  and  good  shall  live  forever.  His 
example  teaches  young  men  that  every  position  of  emi- 
nence is  open  before  the  diligent  and  worthy.  To  the 
active  men  of  the  country  his  example  urges  to  trust  in 
God  and  do  right- 
To  the  ambitious  there  is  this  fearful  lesson :  Of  the 
four  candidates  for  Presidential  honors  in  1860,  two  of 
them — Douglas  and  Lincoln,  once  competitors,  but  now 
sleeping  patriots — rest  from  their  labors ;  Bell  perished 
in  poverty  and  misery,  as  a  traitor  might  perish ;  and 
Breckinridge  is  a  frighted  fugitive,  with  the  brand  of 
traitor  on  his  brow. 

Standing,  as  we  do  to-day,  by  his  coffin  and  his  sepul- 
cher,  let  us  resolve  to  carry  forward  the  work  which  he 
so  nobly  begun.  Let  us  do  right  to  all  men.  Let  us  vow 
in  the  sight  of  Heaven  to  eradicate  every  vestige  of  hu- 
man slavery,  to  give  every  human  being  his  true  position 
before  God  and  man,  to  crush  every  form  of  rebellion, 
and  to  stand  by  the  flag  which  God  has  given  us.  How 


320  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

joyful,  that  it  floated  over  parts  of  every  State  before  Mr. 
Lincoln's  career  was  ended  !  How  singular,  that  to  the 
fact  of  the  assassin's  heel  being  caught  in  the  folds  of 
the  flag  we  are  probably  indebted  for  his  capture !  The 
flag  and  the  traitor  must  ever  be  enemies. 

Traitors  will  probably  suffer  by  the  change  of  rulers, 
for  one  of  sterner  mould,  and  one  who  himself  has  deeply 
suffered  from  the  rebellion  now  wields  the  sword  of  jus- 
tice. 

Our  country,  too,  is  stronger  for  the  trial.  A  republic 
was  declared,  by  monarchists,  too  weak  to  endure  a  civil 
war ;  yet  we  have  crushed  the  most  gigantic  rebellion  in 
history,  and  have  grown  in  strength  and  population  every 
year  of  the  struggle.  We  have  passed  through  the  or- 
deal of  a  popular  election  while  swords  and  bayonets 
were  in  the  field,  and  have  come  out  unharmed.  And 
now  in  our  hour  of  excitement,  with  a,' large  minority, 
having  proffered  another  man  for  President,  the  bullet  of 
the  assassin  has  laid  our  President  prostrate.  Has  there 
been  a  mutiny  1  Has  any  rival  proposed  his  claim  ?  Out 
of  our  army  of  near  a  million,  no  officer  or  soldier  uttered 
one  note  of  dissent,  and  in  an  hour  or  two  after  Mr. 
Lincoln's  death,  another,  by  constitutional  power,  oc- 
cupied his  chair.  If  the  government  moved  forward, 
without  one  single  jar,  the  world  will  learn  that  republics 
are  the  strongest  governments  on  earth. 

And  now,  my  friends,  in  the  words  of  the  departed, 
"with  malice  towards  none,"  free  from  all  feeling  of  per- 
sonal vengeance,  yet  believing  the  sword  must  not  be 
borne  in  vain,  let  us  go  forward  in  our  painful  duty.  Let 
every  man  who  was  a  Senator  and  Representative  in  Con- 
gress, and  who  aided  in  beginning  this  rebellion,  and 
thus  led  to  the  slaughter  of  our  sons  and  daughters,  be 
brought  to  speedy  and  to  certain  punishment.  Let  every 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  321 

officer,  educated  at  public  expense,  and  who,  having  been 
advanced  to  position  has  perjured  himself,  and  has 
turned  his  sword  against  the  vitals  of  his  country,  be 
doomed  to  a  felon's  death.  This,  I  believe,  is  the  will  of 
the  American  people.  Men  may  attempt  to  compromise 
and  to  restore  these  traitors  and  murderers  to  society 
again,  but  the  American  people  will  rise  in  their  majesty 
and  sweep  all  such  compromises  and  compromisers  away, 
and  shall  declare  that  there  shall  be  no  peace  to  rebels. 

But  to  the  deluded  masses  we  shall  extend  arms  of 
forgiveness.  We  will  tak.p  them  to  our  hearts.  We  will 
walk  with  them  side  by  side,  as  we  go  forward  to  work 
out  a  glorious  destiny.  The  time  will  com*  when  in  the 
beautiful  words  of  him  whose  lips  are  now  forever  seal- 
ed, "the  mystic  cords  of  memory  which  stretch  from 
every  battle-field  and  from  every  patriot's  grave,  shall 
yield  a  sweeter  music  when  touched  by  the  angels  of  our 
better  nature." 

At  the  conclusion  of  this  oration,  which  had  been  heard 
with  devout  attention  and  marked  approval  by  the  large 
and  most  remarkable  audience,  the  choir  chanted  another 
dirge,  composed  for  the  occasion^  by  Mr.  Wright,  and  set 
to  the  music  of  Storch : 

OVER  THE  VALLEY  THE  ANGELS  SMIL 

Over  the  valley  the  angels  smile, 
Glory  awaits  him,  they  welcome  so  kindly; 
Finished  his  labor,  tho'  ne'er  89  blindly, 

Perfidy  vaunts  the  deed  of  his  guile. 

Over  the  valley  the  angels  smile, 
Tho'  we  must  grieve  thee, 
Our  God  will  receive  thee, 
Blessing  thy  labor, 
Our  friend  and  our  neighbor; 

Crowning  thee  bright  as  the  babe  of  the  Nile. 

The  closing  prayer  was  offered  up  by  Dr.   Harkey. 
Next  in  continuation  was  the  requiem,  "  Peace,  troubled 
15 


322  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

soul,"  the  benediction,  by  Dr.  P.  D.  Gurley,  the  Presi- 
dent's former  pastor,  and  last  of  all,  a  funeral  hymn,  com- 
posed by  Dr.  Gurley,  for  the  occasion,  and  the  doxology : 

Rest,  noble  martyr !  rest  in  peace ; 

Rest  with  the  true  and  brave, 
Who,  like  thee,  fell  in  Freedom's  cause, 

The  Nation's  life  to  save. 

Thy  name  shall  live  while  time  endures, 

And  men  shall  say  of  thee, 
"He  saved  his  country  from  its  foes, 

And  bade  the  slave  be  free." 

These  deeds  shall  be  thy  monument, 

Better  than  brass  or  stone ; 
They  leave  thy  fame  in  glory's  light, 

Unrival'd  and  alone. 

This  consecrated  spot  shall  be 

To  Freedom  ever  dear ; 
And  Freedom's  sons  of  every  race 

Shall  weep  and  worship  here. 

O  God !  before  whom  we,  in  tears, 

Our  fallen  Chief  deplore, 
Grant  that  the  cause,  for  which  he  died, 

May  live  forevermore. 

DOXOLOGY. 

To  Father,  Son,  and  Holy  Ghost, 

The  God  whom  we  adore, 
Be  glory  as  it  was,  is  now, 

And  shall  be  evermore. 
» 

With  this  the  exercises  ended,  the  doors  of  the  tomb 
were  closed,  and  slowly  and  thoughtfully  the  vast  assem- 
blage wended  their  way  homeward  from  off  the  hill-sides 
and  out  of  the  valley  where  they  had  collected,  and  the 
dead  was  left  alone. 

During  the  hours  in  which  the  funeral  ceremonies  were 
conducted,  by  order  of  the  President,  all  public  buildings 
at  Washington  were  closed.  The  Courts  also  adjourned, 
and  all  the  municipal  offices  were  closed.  Citizens  closed 
their  stores,  and  half-hour  guns  were  fired  all  the  latter 
part  of  the  day,  closing  with  a  national  salute  at  sunset. 

At  all  the  Capitals  of  the  loyal  States  and  in  many  of 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  323 

the  cities  of  the  Union,  official  business  was  also  sus- 
pended, and  minute  guns  and  salutes  were  fired. 

The  correspondent  of  the  Cincinnati  Commercial  very 
appropriately  concluded  his  report  of  the  ceremonies  of 
the  day  with  the  following  touching  words : 

"  There  in  that  little  grass-grown  valley,  away  from  the 
busy  haunts  of  men,  where  the  timid  hare  shall  gambol, 
the  birds  build  their  nests  unscared,  and  the  purling  brook 
shall  sing  an  eternal  requiem — there  let  Abraham  Lin- 
coln rest.  What  more  fitting  place  would  himself  have 
chosen  wherein  to  sleep  his  dreamless  sleep?  Is  that 
common  impulse  of  those  whom  the  world  calls  not  great 
a  mere  superstition,  which  prompts  them  to  bury  their 
loved  ones  in  the  quiet  places  of  the  earth  1  It  *  *  * 

"  There  let  him  sleep  in  that  lowly  valley  by  the  brook. 
Xot  the  garish  light  of  cities  nor  the  noise  of  trade  is  fit- 
ting dweller  in  presence  of  his  tomb ;  let  the  oaks  of  the 
i'orest  and  the  ever-returning  flowers  be  watchers  by  his 
grave.  And  there  through  the  future  years  the  grateful 
trcedman  shall  come  to  pay  the  offering  of  his  broken 
shackles,  and  there  the  humble  and  the  toiling  poor  shall 
perform  his  rites  of  homage  undisturbed,  and  shall  hear 
the  kindly  voice  of  Nature  saying  to  him 

'  So  shalt  thou  rest.    And  what  if  thou  shalt  fall 

Unnoticed  by  the  living,  and  no  friend 

Take  note  of  thy  departure  ?    All  that  breathe 

Will  share  thy  destiny;  khe  gay  will  laugh 

When  thou  art  gone,  the  solemn  brood  of  care 

Plod  on,  and  each  one  as  before  will  chase 

His  favorite  phantom.    Yet  all  these  shall  leave 

Their  mirth  and  their  employments,  and  shall  come 

And  make  their  bed  with  thee.' 

"  Thus  has  the  nation  buried  Abraham  Lincoln  with  a 
burial  more  illustrious  than  that  of  kings.  When  was  it 
ever  permitted  to  crowned  rulers  to  receive  such  lavish 


324  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL. 

tributes  of  their  people's  love,  as  were  paid  to  this  citizen? 
For  1,500  miles  through  mourning  States  has  his  sacred 
dnst  been  borne  in  more  than  a  triumphal  chariot,  visited 
toy  a  million  of  citizens,  who  wept  as  they  beheld  him 
And,  yet  not  many  months,  are  gone  by  since  a  time  when 
m,any  even  of  his  fellow-citizens  would  have  destroyed  his 
life,  and  many  more,  who  do  him  reverence  to-day,  would 
have  spurned  his  person  and  teachings  with  contempt, 

'  For  humanity  sweeps  onward ;  wiiere  to-day  the  martyr  stands, 

On  the  morrow  crouches  Judas  with  the  silver  in  his  hands — 

Far  in  front  the  cross  stands  ready,  and  the  crackling  fagots  burn — 

And  the  hooting  mob  of  yesterday  in  silent  awe  return 

To  glean  up  the  scattered  ashes  nto  history's  golden  urn.' " 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  325 


THURSDAY,  MAY  4th,  1865. 

Memorable  day  —  Thursday,  May  Fourth,  Eighteen 
Hundred  and  Sixty-Five :  at  his  home,  where  the  major 
part  of  an  active  life,  singularly  pure,  had  been  spent, 
Abraham  Lincoln  was  buried;  Abraham  Lincoln,  the 
assassinated  President,  without  a  personal  enemy — re 
markably  kind-hearted — of  genial  disposition,  but  brave 
and  solemn -minded — forbearing,  because  far-seeing — 
uneducated  in  the  management  of  public  affairs,  but  suc- 
cessful because  patient  and  honest,  possessing  native  tact 
and  practical  shrewdness. 

Alone  in  history  stand  the  journey  of  Abraham  Lincoln, 
President  elect,  from  Springfield  to  Washington,  1861 ; 
and  that  of  Abraham  Lincoln,  President  assassinated, 
from  Washington  to  Springfield,  1865. 

What  events  crowd  each  other  for  review  in  those  in- 
tervening four  years!  How  the  incidents  of  the  two 
journeys — their  objects  and  their  associations — contrast ! 

Twenty  days  after  the  terrible  night  on  which  the  as- 
sassin's bullet  destroyed  the  most  precious  life  in  the 
American  nation,  the  body  which  that  great  and  good 
life  animated,  is  deposited  in  the  humble  cemetery  where 
lie  the  remains  of  neighbors,  relatives,  and  personal 
friends  in  private  life ;  and  friends,  neighbors,  and  rela- 
tives in  public  life,  join  the  surviving  of  private  life  in 
ceremonies  which  are  the  saddest  that  may  ever  be  per- 
formed on  the  American  soil. 

What  do  those  twenty  days  suggest !  twenty  days  of 
National  mourning ;  twenty  days  with  flags  at  half-mast ; 
twenty  days  with  emblems  of  sorrow  on  the  peoples' 
dwellings,  with  sable  drapery  and  solemn  mottoes  on  all 
public  buildings;  twenty  days  of  such  tokens  of  love, 


.>26  LINCOLN  MEMORIAL-. 

such  tributes  of  respect  as  never  before  were  paid  to 
mortal  man'? 

Do  not  those  twenty  days  suggest  something  more 
solemn,  more  searching  than  tribute  to  personal  worth, 
or  acknowledgment  of  public  service,  however  dear  that 
worth — however  valuable  that  service  1 

Those  twenty  days  embody  and  will  develop  clear  pur- 
pose— earnest  determination — purpose  and  determination 
born  in  sorrow — vowed  in  affliction,  before  which  oppres- 
sion may  tremble,  and  by  which  justice  shall  rule. 

Wherever  cannon  announced  to  day  that  Abraham 
Lincoln's  grave  was  open  at  Springfield  —  wherever 
church  bells  tolled  in  harmony  with  the  historic  services 
at  that  grave — in  thousands  of  homes — in  places  of  busi- 
ness, heads  were  bowed  and  hearts  were  sad  as  if  it  were 
the  grave  of  one  by  whose  death  an  intimate  family  circle 
had  been  broken.  Indeed  it  is  scarcely  a  figure  of  speech 
to  say,  that  by  the  open  grave  of  Abraham  Lincoln  stood 
this  day  the  American  people. 

What  a  tribute  !  How  solemn  !  A  nation  in  habili- 
ments of  mourning  looking  into  the  open  grave  of  a 
President — assassinated  in  the  hour  of  jubilation  over  a 
great  victory  for  justice,  because  he  was  true  to  the  whole 
country — because  he  directed  the  crushing  of  an  atrocious 
rebellion  which  the  sum  of  villainies  had  instigated. 

Oli,  People  of  the  United  States — Friends  of  Freedom 
— Defenders  of  Eight — Protectors  of  Intelligence — Pro- 
moters of  Morals  and  Religion — do  not  forget  that  open 
grave,  nor  the  unparalleled  crime  which  caused  it  to  be 
dug. 

Never  did  any  people  possess  holier  ground  on  which 
to  register  solemn  pledges  than  that  which  surrounds  the 
grave  of  the  martyr,  Abraham  Lincoln.  Placing  him. 
among  the  men  whose  lives  have  been  sacrificed  that  the 


LINCOLN  MEMORIAL.  327 

Nation  might  live,  may  not  every  true  American  citizen 
repeat,  and  for  himself  adopt,  and,  to  this  memorable  day, 
adapt  those  pregnant  words  spoken  by  Abraham  Lincoln 
in  the  Soldiers'  Cemetery  at  Gettysburg- : 

"  We  cannot  consecrate,  we  cannot  hallow  this  ground. 
"  The  brave  men,  living  and  dead,  who  struggled  here 
"  have  consecrated  it  far  above  our  power  to  add  or  de- 
"  tract. 

"  The  world  will  little  note  nor  long  remember  what 
"  we  say  here ;  but  it  can  never  forget  what  they  did  here. 
**  It  is  for  us,  the  living,  rather  to  be  dedicated  here  to 
"  the  finished  work  that  they  have  thus  so  far  nobly  car- 
"  ried  on. 

"It  is  rather  for  us  to  be  here  dedicated  to  the  great 
"  task  remaining  before  us,  that  from  these  honored  dead 
"  we  take  increased  devotion  to  that  cause  for  which  they 
"  here  gave  the  last  full  measure  of  devotion ;  that  we 
"  here  highly  resolve  that  the  dead  shall  not  have  died  in 
"  vain ;  that  the  nation  shall  under  God  have  a  new  birth 
"  of  freedom,  and  that  governments  of  the  people,  by  the 
"  people  and  for  the  people,  shall  not  perish  from  the 
"  earth." 


